The multicomponent approach to N-methyl peptides: total synthesis of antibacterial (–)-viridic acid and analogues

• Ricardo A. W. Neves Filho,
• Sebastian Stark,
• Bernhard Westermann and
• Ludger A. Wessjohann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 2085–2090, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.234

• pursued. The advantages of the MCR protocol are speed, variability, insensitivity to steric crowding, safe peptoid-moiety formation, and access to equally distributed stereoisomers (which can be a disadvantage though, once the most active isomer is identified). The improved classical approach gave the

Flow photochemistry: Old light through new windows

• Jonathan P. Knowles,
• Luke D. Elliott and
• Kevin I. Booker-Milburn

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 2025–2052, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.229

Synthesis of 4” manipulated Lewis X trisaccharide analogues

• Christopher J. Moore and
• France-Isabelle Auzanneau

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1134–1143, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.126

• weakly recognise Lex trisaccharide antigen [1][2][3][4][5][6]. With this in mind, we focus our research on the discovery of analogues of dimLex that can be used as safe vaccine candidates. Ideally, these analogues should display the internal epitopes that are recognized by anti-dimLex SH2-like antibodies

Synthetic glycopeptides and glycoproteins with applications in biological research

• Ulrika Westerlind

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.90

• excellent reviews [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Review Glycopeptide-based vaccines Specific immune recognition, in which the glycan and the peptide backbone contribute to the binding epitope, is of particular interest for the development of safe immunotherapy and immunodiagnostics. Since

An easy α-glycosylation methodology for the synthesis and stereochemistry of mycoplasma α-glycolipid antigens

• Yoshihiro Nishida,
• Yuko Shingu,
• Yuan Mengfei,
• Kazuo Fukuda,
• Hirofumi Dohi,
• Sachie Matsuda and
• Kazuhiro Matsuda

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 629–639, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.70

• Organization (NEDO) of Japan and from the Science & Technology Project for a Safe & Secure Society from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan.

Multistep flow synthesis of vinyl azides and their use in the copper-catalyzed Huisgen-type cycloaddition under inductive-heating conditions

• Lukas Kupracz,
• Jan Hartwig,
• Jens Wegner,
• Sascha Ceylan and
• Andreas Kirschning

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1441–1448, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.168

• were also used in the Hemetsberger reaction, which yields indoles [8]. However, straightforward and safe methods for the preparation of vinyl azides are still scarce. In fact, in most cases the synthesis involves the generation of toxic and explosive azido intermediates. The most frequently used batch

The Eschenmoser coupling reaction under continuous-flow conditions

• Sukhdeep Singh,
• J. Michael Köhler,
• Andreas Schober and
• G. Alexander Groß

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1164–1172, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.135

• kinetics was determined in a fast and efficient way for 0.1 M reaction concentration. As a result, the flow chemistry technique enabled the significant intensification of the reaction kinetics, by application of enhanced process conditions on the laboratory bench, in a safe and efficient way. The

Reductive amination with zinc powder in aqueous media

• Giovanni B. Giovenzana,
• Daniela Imperio,
• Andrea Penoni and
• Giovanni Palmisano

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1095–1099, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.125

• to the large array of reagent/solvent combinations used for reductive amination. The attractive features of this method are high selectivity and ease of operation using cheap and safe reductants. Although the reaction is not as general as that with modified hydride reagents, a careful screening of

Multicomponent reactions

• Thomas J. J. Müller

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 960–961, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.107

• challenges to synthetic chemists. Nowadays the question of how to perform a synthesis has become most crucial. What is the ideal synthesis [1][2]? Certainly it should be simultaneously simple, safe, short, selective, high yielding, environmentally benign, based on readily available starting materials, and

Recent advances in the gold-catalyzed additions to C–C multiple bonds

• He Huang,
• Yu Zhou and
• Hong Liu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 897–936, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.103

• flexibility in comparison with the intramolecular strategy and offers a safe and economical alternative to those based on diazo substrates. A catalytic approach to functionalized divinyl ketones through a gold-catalyzed rearrangement of (3-acyloxyprop-1-ynyl)oxiranes 64 has also been developed [38]. The

Advances in synthetic approach to and antifungal activity of triazoles

• Kumari Shalini,
• Nitin Kumar,
• Sushma Drabu and
• Pramod Kumar Sharma

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 668–677, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.79

• of the growing emergence of antimicrobial resistance are major concerns to the public health and scientific communities worldwide, especially in the field of multidrug- resistant bacteria and fungi [1][2]. These trends have emphasized the urgent need for new, more effective, less toxic and safe

• continuing demand for safe and effective broad spectrum antifungal agents with favorable pharmacokinetic properties has spurred both the design and development of new systemically active antifungal triazoles. Even with the advent of ketoconazole, the search for improved antifungal azole agents has continued

Surfactant catalyzed convenient and greener synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthene-11-ones at ambient temperature

• Pravin V. Shinde,
• Amol H. Kategaonkar,
• Bapurao B. Shingate and
• Murlidhar S. Shingare

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 53–58, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.9

• employed organic solvents from various health and environmental reasons [1]. From the green chemistry point of view, water would be the perfect solvent to carry out chemical operations since it is safe, non-toxic, inexpensive and poses no threat to the environment [2]. However, water is rarely used or even

Novel 2-(ω-phosphonooxy-2-oxaalkyl)acrylate monomers for self-etching self-priming one part adhesive

• Joachim E. Klee and
• Uwe Lehmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 766–772, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.95

• consuming procedure that is prone to failure during the procedure. Therefore, a reduction of the complexity of the adhesives during application was desirable. Furthermore, the adhesion procedure should be more safe, easy and robust. In order to fulfill these demands some generations of adhesives were

Synthesis and crystallographic analysis of meso-2,3-difluoro-1,4-butanediol and meso-1,4-dibenzyloxy-2,3-difluorobutane

• Bruno Linclau,
• Leo Leung,
• Jean Nonnenmacher and
• Graham Tizzard

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 62, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.62

• a solution of 5 in toluene at room temperature, followed by the addition of pyridine [28] and heating the reaction mixture for a prolonged period gave the desired vicinal difluoride in good yield. Nevertheless, while this procedure was deemed sufficiently safe to conduct at about the 50 mmol scale

Synthesis of some novel hydrazono acyclic nucleoside analogues

• Mohammad N. Soltani Rad,
• Ali Khalafi-Nezhad and
• Somayeh Behrouz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 49, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.49

• has led to an ongoing search for safe and efficient chemotherapeutic agents with potent broad-spectrum antifungal activities. Some of the best known antifungal azole drugs having rational versatility in structures are miconazole (A), oxiconazole (B) and related compounds, namely aryl azoles (Figure 1

N-alkyl-N-(phosphonoethyl) substituted (meth)acrylamides – new adhesive monomers for self-etching self-priming one part dental adhesive

• Joachim E. Klee and
• Uwe Lehmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 72, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.72

• adhesion procedure more safe, easy and robust several generations of adhesives were developed which combined the etch and prime function or the prime and bond function in one part together. At present, self-etching, self-priming dental adhesives are composed of two-part systems due to low hydrolytic

Flow through reactors for organic chemistry: directly electrically heated tubular mini reactors as an enabling technology for organic synthesis

• Ulrich Kunz and
• Thomas Turek

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 70, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.70

• the very convenient use of microwave ovens comparable to kitchen equipment and safe operation in a closed cabinet, are the reasons for the success of this technology. The high cost and dimensions in the sub millimeter range led us to the question: what other methods are available to heat small flow

Oxidative cyclization of alkenols with Oxone using a miniflow reactor

• Yoichi M. A. Yamada,
• Kaoru Torii and
• Yasuhiro Uozumi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 18, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.18

• miniflow systems thus rendering exothermic and/or potentially explosive reactions safe and practical. Consequently, oxidative transformations with potentially explosive oxidants would be ideal target reactions for miniflow systems. We wish to report the oxidative construction of furanyl and pyranyl alkyl

One-pot preparation of substituted pyrroles from α-diazocarbonyl compounds

• Fernando de C. da Silva,
• Mauricio G. Fonseca,
• Renata de S. Rianelli,
• Anna C. Cunha,
• Maria C. B. V. de Souza and
• Vitor F. Ferreira

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2008, 4, No. 45, doi:10.3762/bjoc.4.45

• definition of the ideal synthesis agrees with several demanding tasks mentioned before in such way that the target molecules should be made from readily available starting materials in one simple, safe, environmentally acceptable operation. Additionally, they also should proceed quickly, in quantitative

Synthesis of (–)-Indolizidine 167B based on domino hydroformylation/cyclization reactions

• Giuditta Guazzelli,
• Raffaello Lazzaroni and
• Roberta Settambolo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2008, 4, No. 2, doi:10.1186/1860-5397-4-2

• multi-step domino reaction sequences which are a very convenient approach to complex architectures in one simple, safe, environmentally acceptable and resource-effective operation [12][13][14]. The mechanistic as well as synthetic implications of the oxo reaction involving vinyl and allyl aromatic and

Transition- metal/Lewis acid free synthesis of acyl benzothiophenes via C-C bond forming reaction

• Sarbani Pal,
• Mohammad Ashrafuddin Khan,
• P. Bindu and
• P. K. Dubey

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2007, 3, No. 35, doi:10.1186/1860-5397-3-35

• starting materials and mild reaction conditions, ii) environmentally safe as the protocol is free from the use of inorganic Lewis acids as well as chlorinated hydrocarbons as solvent, iii) simple operational procedure. However, formation of a mixture of regioisomers is the major drawback of this protocol

Development of potential manufacturing routes for substituted thiophenes – Preparation of halogenated 2-thiophenecarboxylic acid derivatives as building blocks for a new family of 2,6-dihaloaryl 1,2,4-triazole insecticides

• John W. Hull Jr.,
• Duane R. Romer,
• David E. Podhorez,
• Mezzie L. Ash and
• Christine H. Brady

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2007, 3, No. 23, doi:10.1186/1860-5397-3-23

• the experimental insecticide target molecules XR-693 and XR-906 will be the topic of a forthcoming paper. Background Since the near world-wide ban on agricultural uses of the chlorinated insecticide DDT which began in the 1970's and 1980's, [1] the search for effective and safe insecticides that

• exhibit low bio-persistence and low toxicity to birds, mammals, and aquatic life has intensified. The requirement for safe insecticides is driven by a continuing need to control malaria and to feed a growing world population. Indeed, it has been estimated that up to 15% of annual global food crops are

An improved synthesis of 1,3,5-triaryl- 2-pyrazolines in acetic acid aqueous solution under ultrasound irradiation

• Ji-Tai Li,
• Xiao-Hui Zhang and
• Zhi-Ping Lin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2007, 3, No. 13, doi:10.1186/1860-5397-3-13

• biochemical processes. As a reaction solvent, water offers many practical and economic advantages including low cost, safe handling and environmental compatibility. Recently, many organic reactions in aqueous media have been described in the literature. [10] Ultrasound has increasingly been used in organic

Asymmetric aza-Diels- Alder reaction of Danishefsky's diene with imines in a chiral reaction medium

• Bruce Pégot,
• Olivier Nguyen Van Buu,
• Didier Gori and
• Giang Vo-Thanh

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2006, 2, No. 18, doi:10.1186/1860-5397-2-18

• . [20][21][22] However, the process resulted in low enantioselectivities not to mention the complication in preparing the solvent and the ridiculously high cost. It is, therefore, safe to say that chiral ILs are much more efficient than the traditional chiral solvent in asymmetric induction, due to the

EcoScale, a semi- quantitative tool to select an organic preparation based on economical and ecological parameters

• Koen Van Aken,
• Lucjan Strekowski and
• Luc Patiny

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2006, 2, No. 3, doi:10.1186/1860-5397-2-3

• the better preparation (#3). Conclusion In general, the EcoScale favours high-yielding, low-cost and safe reaction conditions and an easy purification. The analysis (1) is straightforward (it takes into account all important parameters), (2) is transparent (it is clear how the final score is obtained