Silica gel with covalently attached bambusuril macrocycle for dicyanoaurate sorption from water

• Michaela Šusterová and
• Vladimír Šindelář

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2604–2611, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.201

• [10]. Although synthetic anion receptors have attracted increasing attention in the field of supramolecular chemistry, there are still relatively few reports of materials that employ macrocyclic receptors to recognize and selectively bind anionic species specifically in aqueous environments. For

Conformational effects on iodide binding: a comparative study of flexible and rigid carbazole macrocyclic analogs

• Guang-Wei Zhang,
• Yong Zhang,
• Le Shi,
• Chuang Gao,
• Hong-Yu Li and
• Lei Xue

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 2369–2375, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.181

• ; carbazole macrocycles; conformational selection; induced-fit; supramolecular chemistry; Introduction Macrocyclic compounds have garnered significant attention in supramolecular chemistry and anion recognition owing to their tunable cavity geometries and binding capabilities [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8

Research progress on calixarene/pillararene-based controlled drug release systems

• Liu-Huan Yi,
• Jian Qin,
• Si-Ran Lu,
• Liu-Pan Yang,
• Li-Li Wang and
• Huan Yao

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1757–1785, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.139

• of controlled-release technologies, with the aim of offering a reference for the utilization of aromatic macrocycles in drug-controlled release applications. Keywords: aromatic macrocycle; controlled-release drug delivery systems; stimulus response; supramolecular chemistry; Introduction Drugs are

• . Supramolecular chemistry, with molecular recognition at its core [17], utilizes non-covalent interactions such as electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding [18], and hydrophobic effects to provide valuable tools for developing new biomaterials and drug delivery systems [18][19][20][21][22]. This article

• categorizes supramolecular chemistry-based drug-controlled release systems into the following three mechanisms: (1) Drugs are identified and combined with supramolecular hosts through host–guest interactions [23][24][25][26][27][28]. By adjusting the conditions surrounding the guest molecules, such as changes

3,3'-Linked BINOL macrocycles: optimized synthesis of crown ethers featuring one or two BINOL units

• Somayyeh Kheirjou,
• Jan Riebe,
• Maike Thiele,
• Christoph Wölper and
• Jochen Niemeyer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1719–1729, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.134

• ). Keywords: BINOL; chirality; crown ethers; macrocycles; supramolecular chemistry; Introduction Crown ethers are at the heart of supramolecular chemistry [1]. Ever since their discovery in 1960, a vast number of different crown ethers has been synthesized and their interactions with guest molecules have

• been studied. The pioneering works in this area by Cram, Lehn and Pedersen marked the beginning of modern supramolecular chemistry and were honoured with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1987 [2][3][4]. Soon, it was realized that chiral crown ethers are highly promising host molecules for

On the aromaticity and photophysics of 1-arylbenzo[a]imidazo[5,1,2-cd]indolizines as bicolor fluorescent molecules for barium tagging in the study of double-beta decay of ¹³⁶Xe

• Eric Iván Velazco-Cabral,
• Fernando Auria-Luna,
• Juan Molina-Canteras,
• Miguel A. Vázquez,
• Iván Rivilla and
• Fernando P. Cossío

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1627–1638, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.126

• behavior in the emission spectra. Indeed, initial experiments were successful. However, we observed that translation of the behavior of these FBIs from supramolecular chemistry to solid–gas interfaces raises important issues in terms of both discrimination between free and chelated states and photophysical

Gold extraction at the molecular level using α- and β-cyclodextrins

• Susana Santos Braga

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1116–1125, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.89

• , which still depends solely on the highly pollutant cyanide leaching process. An emerging strategy for gold recovery is through supramolecular chemistry, with studies indicating that macrocycles such as 18-crown-6 [23], cucurbit[6]uril [24], cucurbit[8]uril [25], and cyclodextrins can isolate gold with

Supramolecular assembly of hypervalent iodine macrocycles and alkali metals

• Krishna Pandey,
• Lucas X. Orton,
• Grayson Venus,
• Waseem A. Hussain,
• Toby Woods,
• Lichang Wang and
• Kyle N. Plunkett

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1095–1103, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.87

• are presented. Keywords: hypervalent iodine; macrocycle; metal coordination; supramolecular; Introduction Supramolecular chemistry is emerging as a pivotal area of research in both medicinal and materials chemistry that opens the avenue for new functionalized materials for their use in medical

Dicarboxylate recognition based on ultracycle hosts through cooperative hydrogen bonding and anion–π interactions

• Wen-Hui Mi,
• Teng-Yu Huang,
• Xu-Dong Wang,
• Yu-Fei Ao,
• Qi-Qiang Wang and
• De-Xian Wang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 884–889, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.72

• Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 10.3762/bjoc.21.72 Abstract The efficient binding of dicarboxylates represents an important yet challenging issue in supramolecular chemistry. In this study, we designed functional ultracycles as hosts to accommodate large organic dicarboxylate anions. These ultracycles

Unraveling cooperative interactions between complexed ions in dual-host strategy for cesium salt separation

• Zhihua Liu,
• Ya-Zhi Chen,
• Ji Wang,
• Qingling Nie,
• Wei Zhao and
• Biao Wu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 845–853, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.68

• separation [4][5][6][7][8]. Building on the extensive research into anion and cation receptors within the realm of supramolecular chemistry [9][10][11][12], numerous heteroditopic ion-pair receptors have been elaborately developed [13][14][15]. These receptors, consisting of binding sites for both anions and

Carbon-rich materials: from polyaromatic molecules to fullerenes and other carbon allotropes

• Hiroko Yamada and
• Yoko Yamakoshi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 798–799, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.62

• chemistry, computational chemistry, physics, electrochemistry, polymer chemistry, supramolecular chemistry, and biochemistry. All are working on fascinating topics associated with these exciting molecules. Furthermore, the authors come from all over the world, not only from Switzerland and Japan but also

Acyclic cucurbit[n]uril bearing alkyl sulfate ionic groups

• Christian Akakpo,
• Peter Y. Zavalij and
• Lyle Isaacs

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 717–726, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.55

• supramolecular chemistry involves the synthesis of macrocyclic hosts and studies of their molecular recognition properties. The most widely studied macrocyclic host systems include those created entirely by covalent bonds (crown ethers, cyclodextrins, calixarenes, cyclophanes, pillararenes, cucurbit[n]urils (CB

Asymmetric synthesis of β-amino cyanoesters with contiguous tetrasubstituted carbon centers by halogen-bonding catalysis with chiral halonium salt

• Yasushi Yoshida,
• Maho Aono,
• Takashi Mino and
• Masami Sakamoto

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 547–555, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.43

• organic chemistry [2][3][4][5], organocatalysis [6][7], metal catalysis [8][9], biochemistry [10][11], materials science [12][13], and supramolecular chemistry [14][15], although its successful application to asymmetric catalysis has been limited (Figure 1) [16][17][18][19][20]. In 2018, Arai and co

Beyond symmetric self-assembly and effective molarity: unlocking functional enzyme mimics with robust organic cages

• Keith G. Andrews

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 421–443, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.30

• polarization (enthalpic) (Figure 1). Organization, the control of the position(s) and orientation(s) of reacting molecules, has been achieved historically in supramolecular chemistry using “pre-organized” catalyst designs (vide infra). More recently, organization has been mooted by List as a unifying concept

Hydrogen-bonded macrocycle-mediated dimerization for orthogonal supramolecular polymerization

• Wentao Yu,
• Zhiyao Yang,
• Chengkan Yu,
• Xiaowei Li and
• Lihua Yuan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 179–188, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.10

• materials. Keywords: hydrogen-bonded macrocycle; orthogonal self-assembly; shape-persistent; supramolecular polymer; Introduction Host–guest interactions, particularly those involving macrocycles as hosts [1], have found a myriad of applications in supramolecular chemistry [2][3][4] owing to their ability

• that by applying the design rules commonly known for metallosupramolecular polymers and macrocycle-mediated dimerization to supramolecular chemistry, we would be able to generate supramolecular polymers with this heterodifunctional monomer, with one end comprising two macrocycles and the other end

Hot shape transformation: the role of PSar dehydration in stomatocyte morphogenesis

• Remi Peters,
• Levy A. Charleston,
• Karinan van Eck,
• Teun van Berlo and
• Daniela A. Wilson

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 47–54, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.5

• glutamate); polysarcosine; shape transformation; stomatocyte; supramolecular chemistry; Introduction Polymeric vesicles represent a promising candidate for usage in drug delivery systems due to their facile assembly and ability to provide a stable soft interface. Among these materials, polyethylene glycol

Synthesis of acenaphthylene-fused heteroarenes and polyoxygenated benzo[j]fluoranthenes via a Pd-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura/C–H arylation cascade

• Merve Yence,
• Dilgam Ahmadli,
• Damla Surmeli,
• Umut Mert Karacaoğlu,
• Sujit Pal and
• Yunus Emre Türkmen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3290–3298, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.273

• focus of extensive research within the past two decades due to their interesting structural features, attractive photophysical properties, and diverse applications [2]. Indeed, fluoranthenes are particularly useful in supramolecular chemistry, organic electronics, and materials science [3] as

Advances in the use of metal-free tetrapyrrolic macrocycles as catalysts

• Mandeep K. Chahal

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3085–3112, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.257

• , porphyrins and corroles, which are structurally related to porphyrins. Calix[4]pyrroles are versatile receptors in supramolecular chemistry while porphyrins are considered as ‘pigment of life’ due to their role in vital biological processes. Beyond their natural functions, synthetic porphyrins have been

• conformational flexibility, allowing them to adopt four key conformations: 1,3-alternate, cone, partial cone, and 1,2-alternate [1][2]. Calix[4]pyrroles are one of the most studied hosts in supramolecular chemistry, finding use in applications of molecular recognition and extraction, drug delivery, ion transport

• metal-free porphyrins. 1.1 Calix[4]pyrrole macrocycles as organocatalysts Calix[4]pyrroles act as versatile ligands in supramolecular chemistry and have been widely studied as binding hosts for various guests such as anions, ion pairs, or neutral compounds [4][30][31], ligands for p-block elements, as

HFIP as a versatile solvent in resorcin[n]arene synthesis

• Hormoz Khosravi,
• Valeria Stevens and
• Raúl Hernández Sánchez

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2469–2475, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.211

• ], Szumna [37][38][39], Reinhoudt [40][41], Konishi [42][43][44], Tiefenbacher [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52], Strongin [53][54][55] among others. The wide-ranging popularity of resorcin[n]arenes is rooted in the numerous applications these compounds have in supramolecular chemistry, e.g., catalysis and

• reported herein may impact the synthesis of other macrocyclic arene species, e.g., calix[n]arenes, calix[4]pyrroles, pillar[n]arenes, and cucurbit[n]urils [90][91][92]. Perspective Supramolecular chemistry is a mature field that has crossed boundaries into many other scientific areas. However, the work

Synthesis and conformational analysis of pyran inter-halide analogues of ᴅ-talose

• Olivier Lessard,
• Mathilde Grosset-Magagne,
• Paul A. Johnson and
• Denis Giguère

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2442–2454, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.208

• , this study should be of general interest in the understanding of weak interactions that are now important to so many areas of chemistry, such as crystal engineering and supramolecular chemistry. Synthesis of trihalogenated pyrans: a) Chiron approach to multivicinal inter-halide derived from

Novel truxene-based dipyrromethanes (DPMs): synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and photophysical properties

• Shakeel Alvi and
• Rashid Ali

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2163–2170, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.186

• potential applications in the arena of supramolecular chemistry in general, sensing, molecular recognition and self-assembly in particular in has yet to be explored. Moreover, applications of the truxene derivatives in catalysis are also scared, and needs to be advanced in future research. Experimental

Harnessing the versatility of hydrazones through electrosynthetic oxidative transformations

• Aurélie Claraz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1988–2004, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.175

• ; Introduction Hydrazones represent an important class of organic compounds. They can be readily prepared through the condensation of hydrazine derivatives with aldehydes or ketones. They have found widespread applications in materials sciences and supramolecular chemistry [1][2][3][4][5]. Importantly, they are

Switchable molecular tweezers: design and applications

• Pablo Msellem,
• Maksym Dekthiarenko,
• Nihal Hadj Seyd and
• Guillaume Vives

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 504–539, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.45

• the tweezers to selectively bind aromatic guests within a cavity, utilizing an induced fit mechanism. Subsequently, with the emergence and advancement of supramolecular chemistry, the field of molecular tweezers experienced rapid expansion, witnessing the development of rigid clips by Klärner [2] and

• explore their applications in various domains. Switchable molecular tweezers as an emerging direction in supramolecular chemistry Among the large variety of molecular machines capable of controlling mechanical motion in response to stimuli, we found switchable molecular tweezers particularly appealing

• first part will be devoted to chemically responsive tweezers, including stimuli such as pH, metal coordination, and anion binding. Then, redox-active and photochemical tweezers will be presented. Keywords: coordination; molecular recognition; molecular switches; photoswitch; redox; supramolecular

Multi-redox indenofluorene chromophores incorporating dithiafulvene donor and ene/enediyne acceptor units

• Christina Schøttler,
• Kasper Lund-Rasmussen,
• Line Broløs,
• Philip Vinterberg,
• Ema Bazikova,
• Viktor B. R. Pedersen and
• Mogens Brøndsted Nielsen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 59–73, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.8

• Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF, Figure 1) is a redox-active molecule that has been widely explored in materials chemistry and supramolecular chemistry [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. TTF reversibly undergoes two sequential one-electron oxidations, generating first a radical cation (TTF+•) and subsequently a dication (TTF2

Substituent-controlled construction of A₄B₂-hexaphyrins and A₃B-porphyrins: a mechanistic evaluation

• Seda Cinar,
• Dilek Isik Tasgin and
• Canan Unaleroglu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1832–1840, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.135

• of porphyrinogen and hexaphyrinogen forms. Keywords: A4B2-hexaphyrin; A3B-porphyrin; N-tosylimine; Cu(OTf)2 catalysis; HRESI–TOF analysis; Introduction Porphyrins and expanded porphyrins have found widespread applications in supramolecular chemistry [1][2][3][4]. Expanded porphyrins are utilized as

Active-metal template clipping synthesis of novel [2]rotaxanes

• Cătălin C. Anghel,
• Teodor A. Cucuiet,
• Niculina D. Hădade and
• Ion Grosu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1776–1784, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.130

• ; Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Research Centre of Applied Organic Chemistry, 90-92 Panduri Street, RO-050663 Bucharest, Romania 10.3762/bjoc.19.130 Abstract Mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) have been important synthetic targets in supramolecular chemistry due to their

• in 2016. While initially obtained as chemical curiosities, rotaxanes offer now exciting opportunities for scientific advancements in supramolecular chemistry and applications in various fields ranging from molecular machines and switches [4][5][6][7][8][9] to catalysis [10][11], molecular electronics