Molecular engineering of individual dye-based nanoparticle photostability for ultrabright two-photon fluorescence

• Eleonore Kurek,
• Sasha Cooper,
• Alexandre Clausolles,
• Karen Perronet,
• Jonathan Daniel,
• Mireille Blanchard-Desce and
• François Marquier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 688–696, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.48

• -field correction, that is, the electric field experienced by a single molecule into the nanoparticle). This local field is not only different from the incident field, but also from the one experienced by the NP under other conditions (when in water or in air, as in the current experiment). The following

Protein-based custom-designed molecular nanotraps for biomedical applications

• Devid Maniglio,
• Alice Marinangeli and
• Alessandra Maria Bossi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 683–687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.47

• recognized as functionally active, often undergoing partial folding upon interaction with molecular partners [12]. These observations are reshaping the current understanding of protein structure–function relationships, opening the possibility of employing unfolded or disordered proteins as functional

Decontamination from water pollutants and pathogens by electrospun nanofibers doped with heavy-atom-free borafluorene-BODIPY photosensitizers

• Angelika Zaszczyńska,
• Paulina H. Marek-Urban,
• Karolina Wrochna,
• Agnieszka E. Kuklewska,
• Kacper Kręgielewski,
• Marta Grodzik,
• Dawid R. Natkowski,
• Jolanta Mierzejewska,
• Ewa Iwanek,
• Agata Blacha-Grzechnik,
• Paweł Sajkiewicz and
• Krzysztof Durka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 668–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.46

• between perpendicularly oriented donor and acceptor units [36][37][38][39]. In the current study, we investigate the borafluorene-based BODIPY 1 (Figure 1a) as a model heavy-atom-free photosensitizer for deactivating water pollutants and pathogens. Our major goal was to develop a suitable polymeric

• Beam microscope (ThermoFisher) equipped with a focused electron beam and a Xe ion beam. The EDS experiments were performed with a working distance of 4 mm, an accelerating voltage of 15 kV, a probe current of 0.2 nA, a magnification of 15000×, and a collection time of 30 min. Prior to ToF SIMS

• measurements, the samples were sputtered with 10 nm of gold using a CCU-010 Compact Coating Unit (Safematic). The ToF SIMS maps were acquired in the positive ion mode spectrum using 8 kV accelerating voltage and 10 nA beam current. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS

afspm: A framework for manufacturer-agnostic automation in scanning probe microscopy

• Nicholas J. Sullivan,
• Julio J. Valdés,
• Kirk H. Bevan and
• Peter Grutter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 653–667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.45

• “background” scripts that monitor and fix issues in an intermittent fashion. Tied to mediation is the concept of experiment problems, predefined issues that may be flagged or removed throughout an experiment. The mediator maintains a list of currently logged experiment problems and a record of the current

• vertical transitions, any script may flag a problem and transition the mediator from “No Problem, No Control” to “Problem, No Control”; transitioning back requires all flagged problems to be removed. In the current implementation, there is no hierarchy between experiment problems. Race conditions may thus

• source (i.e., where a translator obtains them). Here, the scan parameters, probe position, and z-control parameters match what is settable and described above. The scope state indicates the current state the microscope is in (e.g., scanning, moving, or free). The 2D scans structure holds the one or more

Cellulose as a photocatalyst support material: extraction, structural features, and environmental applications

• Yee Teng Lim,
• Nur Farhana Jaafar,
• Azizul Hakim Lahuri and
• Endang Tri Wahyuni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 635–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.44

• photodegradation of organic pollutants by photocatalyst. This review aims to summarize current methods for extracting cellulose-based materials, focusing on their technical, economic, and environmental aspects. Key considerations include yield, purity, energy use, and scalability. The discussion includes

Two-step laser synthesis of Ag@TiO₂ nanomaterials for the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B

• Marija Kovačević,
• Miloš Tošić,
• Rafaela Radičić,
• Vladimir Rajić,
• Nikša Krstulović,
• Miloš Momčilović and
• Sanja Živković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 622–634, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.43

• evidence of distinct mechanisms [30]. Similar trends, where particle size and silver loading influence the kinetic model of the reaction, have also been reported for Ag-TiO2 composites in recent studies [16]. Comparation of current research with literature data The photocatalytic efficiency of the

Recent progress in enhancing built-in electric fields of perovskite solar cells via junction engineering

• Tong Xiao and
• Ke Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 602–621, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.42

• aligning energy levels [16]. These advantages have established heterojunctions as a major research hotspot, with current efforts shifting from simple passivation to deliberate interfacial potential design [17]. Nevertheless, the impact of phase penetration depth, residual strain, and bulk inhomogeneity on

• distortions, create defects, and promote ion migration. To address these challenges, recent research has focused on precisely tuning the local potential via surface or near-surface doping and functionalization while preserving lattice continuity. Current efforts are also directed toward extending these

• from 0.92 to 0.98 V, the carrier lifetime nearly doubled, the short-circuit current density rose to 19.34 mA·cm−2, and the power conversion efficiency reached 16.46%, confirming the pivotal role of enhanced BEF in promoting carrier separation and collection. Fluorinated ammonium salts can induce

Towards targeted drugs and next generation of nanomedicines

• Anna Salvati,
• Silvia Giordani and
• Wolfgang J. Parak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 598–601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.41

• strategies are emerging and are being investigated to be able to overcome their current limits. One strategy to achieve targeting which is attracting extensive attention is that of using materials responsive to endogenous or exogenous stimuli [26]. By designing materials that respond to stimuli, treatments

• several reviews on the current development of specific classes of nanomaterials, nanomedicines applied to specific diseases, and fundamental understanding of how nanomedicines are processed by cells and in the body. As a conclusion one can say that nanomedicine is in its infancy steps, where first

Impacts of annealing on structural and photophysical properties of zinc phthalocyanine adsorbed on graphene

• Gautier Creutzer,
• Quentin Fernez,
• Nataliya Kalashnyk,
• Zohreh Safarzadeh,
• Lydia Sosa Vargas,
• Céline Fiorini-Debuisschert,
• Nicolas Fabre and
• Fabrice Charra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 576–585, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.39

• images were systematically recorded at different locations of the sample. The images were acquired in quasi-constant current mode (i.e., variable height mode). The setpoint tunneling current was ≈3 pA and the sample bias voltage was −0.9 V. The images are not corrected for thermal drift. Incidence-angle

• crossing both ZnPc and TSB molecules are also represented (c and f), together with enlarged details of high-resolution images (b and e). The current setpoint was ≈3 pA and the sample bias was −0.9 V. The images are not corrected for thermal drift. Incidence-angle dependence, as measured every 5° from 0

Laser–material interactions in liquids for the synthesis of nanomaterials: current status and perspectives

• Carlos Doñate Buendia,
• Bilal Gökce and
• Leonid V. Zhigilei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 571–575, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.38

Electrochemical determination of ciprofloxacin using a MIL-101/reduced graphene oxide-modified electrode

• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Nguyen Ngoc Nghia,
• Nguyen Vinh Phu,
• Vo Thi Khanh Ly,
• Le Lam Son,
• Pham Khac Lieu,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Nguyen Dinh Luyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 541–554, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.35

• oxidation peak is observed at the bare GCE, indicating sluggish electron-transfer kinetics. Upon modification with MIL-101 or rGO, the anodic peak current increases noticeably, reflecting improved adsorption and conductivity. The obtained peak potentials (Ep) for GCE, GO/GCE, rGO/GCE, MIL-101/GCE, MIL-101

• shifted to lower potentials compared with bare GCE (1.203 V), accompanied by a significant increase in peak current. This behavior indicates that the modified materials can effectively enhance the electrocatalytic activity toward CPR oxidation. Notably, the MIL-101/rGO composite electrodes exhibit a much

• highest and most reproducible peak current (Figure 5b), and was therefore selected for subsequent experiments. Effect of pH The impact of solution pH on the electrochemical oxidation of CPR was studied over a pH range of 2–9 (Figure 6). The oxidation peak current rises with pH up to 4, then gradually

Fractional shot noise of an SU(N) Kondo system

• Damian Krychowski and
• Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 515–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.34

• need of separating shot noise from background 1/f noise caused by fluctuations in the physical environment [66]. The shot noise is a purely nonequilibrium property that results from the fact that current is not a continuous flow but a sum of discrete pulses in time. Shot noise is a zero-frequency

• current noise out of equilibrium. Current and shot noise, corresponding to the average and variance of the number of electrons passing through a dot per unit time, respectively, provide different information on a transport phenomenon. Equilibrium (thermal) fluctuations can be related via the fluctuation

• shift, one must also deal with two particle scattering off the singlet. At finite degeneracy, fluctuations of slave bosons about their mean-field coherent states determine the size of current fluctuations. Motions of the quasiparticles generate fluctuations that create interactions between

Defects and defect-mediated engineering of two-dimensional materials: challenges and open questions

• Arkady V. Krasheninnikov,
• Matthias Batzill,
• Anouar-Akacha Delenda,
• Marija Drndić,
• Chris Ewels,
• Katharina J. Franke,
• Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl,
• Alexander Holleitner,
• Ado Jorio,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Daria Kieczka,
• Hannu-Pekka Komsa,
• Jani Kotakoski,
• Manuel Längle,
• David Lamprecht,
• Yun Liu,
• Steven G. Louie,
• Janina Maultzsch,
• Thomas Michely,
• Katherine Milton,
• Anna Niggas,
• Hanako Okuno,
• Joshua A. Robinson,
• Marika Schleberger,
• Bruno Schuler,
• Alexander Shluger,
• Kazu Suenaga,
• Kristian S. Thygesen,
• Richard A. Wilhelm,
• E. Harriet Åhlgren and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 454–488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.31

Nanocarrier-integrated multilayer films produced by 3D printing for improved skin adhesion and curcumin photostability

• Thayse Viana de Oliveira,
• Ana Paula Farias Leão,
• Júlia Leão,
• Cesar Liberato Petzhold and
• Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 440–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.30

• may vary depending on the wound type, such as venous ulcers or burns [9][10][11][12]. An ideal dressing should exhibit suitable bioadhesive properties, prevent bacterial growth, minimise pain, and control odour, while also being cost-effective and easy to replace. Current research therefore focuses on

Nanoinformatics: spanning scales, systems and solutions

• Iseult Lynch,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Kunal Roy and
• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 423–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.28

• nanomaterials, thus helping to fill the current gap in the toxicity data for zebrafish [8]. A major driver of the development of nanomaterials, nanoinformatics and ML/AI is the potential for solutions to real-world issues, whether in nanomedicine, nano-enabled agriculture, or environmental remediation

Biomimetic nanoparticles in cancer photodynamic therapy: a review of targeted delivery systems and therapeutic outcomes

• Valentina I. Gorbacheva,
• Alexey S. Grabovoy,
• Polina S. Marukhina,
• Anastasiia O. Syrocheva and
• Ekaterina P. Kolesova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 396–422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.27

Ferroelectric nanodot reservoir for neuromorphic computing

• Anna Razumnaya,
• Yuri Tikhonov,
• Dmitrii Naidenko,
• Léo Boron,
• Valerii Vinokur and
• Igor Lukyanchuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 352–364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.24

• collective nature of switching, the system explores a high-dimensional space of metastable configurations. The response depends not only on the current field but also on the sequence of past stimuli, a hallmark of temporal memory. Each time the system returns to a balanced state with an equal number of +1

• changes in the input sequence (field trajectory) can cause large and qualitatively different polarization responses. This sensitivity enables powerful separation of input classes in the reservoir state space. (ii) Short-term memory. The system retains a history of past field variations through its current

• , the incoming data pulses are injected as electrical signals (e.g., current or voltage spikes) and dynamically reconfigure the reservoir state by switching local polarizations. The readout layer, responsible for interpreting the reservoir’s final polarization state, may be connected to synaptic

Beam shaping techniques for pulsed laser ablation in liquids: Unlocking tunable control of nanoparticle synthesis in liquids

• Sergio Molina-Prados,
• Nadezhda M. Bulgakova,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov,
• Jesus Lancis,
• Gladys Mínguez Vega and
• Carlos Doñate-Buendia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 309–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.22

• –material interaction and temporal modification to optimise pulse duration and energy delivery. The current advancements in beam shaping techniques, their impact on the nanoparticle characteristics, and their broader implications for scaling pulsed laser ablation in liquids to meet industrial demands are

Fast vortex dynamics and relaxation times in NbRe-based heterostructures

• Francesco De Chiara,
• Zahra Makhdoumi Kakhaki,
• Francesco Avitabile,
• Francesco Colangelo,
• Abhishek Kumar,
• Carmine Attanasio and
• Carla Cirillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 292–302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.20

• that trap vortices. As a result, a finite current density is required to initiate vortex motion. When the value of the external current density, jex, applied to the superconductor exceeds the value of the critical current density, jc, vortices begin to move, giving rise to a viscous flow regime known

• as flux flow, which is associated with energy dissipation [2]. As the current increases further, jex ≫ jc, and as the vortex velocity approaches a maximum critical value, this regime may become unstable. A sudden voltage jump is observed in the I–V characteristic, attributed to the collapse of

• the flux-flow instability is strongly influenced by the quality of the sample edges, the estimation of an intrinsic quasiparticle relaxation time from Equation 1 is justified only when the field dependence of the critical current evidences a dominant edge-barrier pinning mechanism. In this regime, the

Advancing nanolithography: a comprehensive review of materials for local anodic oxidation with AFM

• Matteo Lorenzoni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 275–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.19

• implemented through a dual-pass technique or by controlling the electronic and ionic contributions to the total current [17][18]. While dynamic mode LAO does not eliminate tip wear [19], it significantly reduces its impact. As new materials continue to emerge in the field of nanotechnology, this review also

• authors agree with an oxidation kinetic consistent with the Cabrera–Mott model [44][45]. As an electrochemical process, LAO is inherently current-dependent. Early studies showed that oxide growth evolves from an initial electronic tunneling regime to ionic transport as the film develops [46]. Dagata and

• patterns over large areas. Unfortunately, the current state of the art for oxidation scanning probe lithography in terms of subsequent of resolution and throughput has not changed significantly in the last years [53]. The lateral resolution of modified features is usually set around tens on nanometers

Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging of contaminant species in chemical vapour deposited graphene on copper

• Barry Brennan,
• Vlad-Petru Veigang-Radulescu,
• Philipp Braeuninger-Weimer,
• Stephan Hofmann and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 200–213, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.13

• . For 3D imaging, each depth profile was acquired by cyclically analysing a 150 µm × 150 µm area (with a pixel density of 128 × 128) from the centre of a 400 µm × 400 µm sputtered region during depth profiling, to mitigate crater edge effects on the generated spectra. 10 keV Cs+ ions with an ion current

• of 30 nA were used for sputtering cycles. The interleaved image spectra were acquired using 25 keV Bi3+ ions from a liquid metal ion gun, orientated at 45° to the sample surface. This was operated at an ion current of 0.1 pA, in an interlaced mode with a cycle time of 100 µs, in spectroscopy mode to

Structure-dependent thermochromism of PAZO thin films: theory and experiment

• Georgi Mateev,
• Dean Dimov,
• Nataliya Berberova-Buhova,
• Nikoleta Kircheva,
• Todor Dudev,
• Ludmila Nikolova,
• Elena Stoykova,
• Keehoon Hong,
• Dimana Nazarova,
• Silvia Angelova and
• Lian Nedelchev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 186–199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.12

• . Computational details of DFT calculations Molecular modeling tools were used in the current study to shed some light on the molecular structure and interactions (including photoinduced cooperative molecular reorientation) of PAZO that determine its distinct properties. PAZO is a polymer and its molecular weight

Safe and sustainable by design with ML/AI: A transformative approach to advancing nanotechnology

• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 176–185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.11

• materials before producing them. This perspective article highlights how ML and AI are driving the evolution of SSbD in nanotechnology, focussing on predictive toxicology, materials informatics, lifecycle analysis, and the pivotal role of digital twins. It also explores current challenges, emerging

• significant challenges and opportunities, particularly as the field moves from conceptual demonstrations to large-scale industrial implementation and regulatory adoption. One of the most pressing issues is the availability and quality of data, as many current nanomaterial datasets are fragmented

• -generation nanomaterials [68]. Similarly, advances in XAI approaches will strengthen regulatory acceptance by providing transparent, well-justified predictions that can be validated against experimental data or well-established mechanistic models. It has been suggested that the current regulatory approach

From shield to spear: Charge-reversible nanocarriers in overcoming cancer therapy barriers

• Madhuri Yeduvaka,
• Pooja Mittal,
• Ameer Boyalakuntla,
• Usman Bee Shaik,
• Himanshu Sharma,
• Thakur Gurjeet Singh,
• Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula and
• Lakshmi Vineela Nalla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 159–175, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.10

• and clinical evaluation processes. Ethical and environmental considerations further complicate their translation, as the degradation of by-products and long-term accumulation of synthetic nanomaterials in ecosystems necessitate thorough investigation [101]. To address these limitations, current

Capabilities of the 3D-MLSI software tool in superconducting neuron design

• Irina E. Tarasova,
• Nikita S. Shuravin,
• Liubov N. Karelina,
• Fedor A. Razorenov,
• Evgeny N. Zhardetsky,
• Aleksandr S. Ionin,
• Mikhail M. Khapaev and
• Vitaly V. Bol’ginov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 122–138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.8

• capable of extracting a three-dimensional magnetic field distribution and a planar current distribution by solving a system of integro-differential equations on a 2D grid. Recently, VoxHenry [12] and SuperVoxHenry [13] simulators were developed, which use voxel-based discretization as well as advanced

• deposited (see parameters in [28]). The Josephson junctions (JJs) had a circular shape with 4 μm diameter (see [28] for details) and represented Nb–Al–AlOx–Nb tunnel junctions at about 100 A/cm2 critical current density. JJs incorporated into SQUID loops were shunted with 1 Ω molybdenum resistors to

• the size of superconducting ground plane. In fact, the screen-mediated interaction is determined by the ring currents circulating in the screen to close the return current caused by the magnetic field of the control line. Obviously, the forced truncation of the ground plane in simulations (see lower