Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• scales of the liquid evaporation and the particle movement: The solvent evaporates so slowly that particles move over at least mesoscale distances, thus allowing for aggregation in the ring [33]. In our research, the deposition protocol may have influenced the observed phenomena. The hydrophilic APDMES

• of dimanno-AuNPs and PEG AuNPs was recorded in a broad-band VSFG system at Fritz-Haber-Institute (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany). Gold thin films (200 nm on 10 nm Cr on glass) were used as surfaces. Prior to sample deposition, the surfaces were cleaned with ethanol and Milli-Q water under

Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• [22]. Additionally, most nanomaterial fabrication methods are energy-intensive. Techniques such as combustion, arc deposition, solvothermal synthesis, chemical vapor deposition, mechanical milling, and wet chemical methods require high energy input and careful process control. The ultrahigh cost of

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• in the ecologically sensitive Himalayan lakes, posing a threat to biodiversity, water quality, and human habitation. These high-altitude freshwater ecosystems are being increasingly polluted through human use, tourism, glacier melt, and atmospheric deposition. Microplastic quantification in such

• deposition is outlined in Section 3. The harsh environmental conditions of the region, freeze–thaw weather, low microbial activity, and short hydrological retention times, make the degradation of MPs more difficult and these lakes to long-term sinks for plastic particles. Himalayan lakes are very susceptible

• mechanisms and deposition of MPs into sensitive environments in perspective [18][19]. 3.1 Sources and pathways of microplastics in lakes MPs come from various sources and are carried to high-altitude lakes in the Himalayas through several routes. The major sources of pollution are improper disposal of

Electron transport through nanoscale multilayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride junctions

• Aleksandar Staykov and
• Takaya Fujisaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2132–2143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.147

• in far-ultraviolet light-emitting devices. These applications leverage h-BN’s properties like high temperature stability, electrical insulation, and chemical resistance [18][20][21]. An interesting application of multilayer h-BN is its deposition on electrode surfaces as an electron blocking layer

Toward clinical translation of carbon nanomaterials in anticancer drug delivery: the need for standardisation

• Michał Bartkowski,
• Francesco Calzaferri and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2092–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.144

• affairs. Achieving these key milestones is critical to developing a safe and effective drug delivery system that can improve the treatment of cancer. The process begins with the synthesis of CNMs tailored to specific size and surface chemistry requirements, using methods such as chemical vapour deposition

• main issues is the wide variety of methods that can be used to synthesise CNMs, which can lead to variations in their properties and performance. For example, carbon nanotubes can be synthesised using arc discharge, laser ablation, and chemical vapour deposition, among others [30]. Each method can

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• evaluating the effects of electric field intensity, which is responsible for polymer chain stretching and the speed of fiber deposition, on fiber morphology. Specifically, the impact of varying the needle-to-collector distance (12 and 15 cm) and the applied voltage (15, 17, and 19 kV) was assessed. The

• the enhancement of the electric field strength at shorter distances, which accelerates fiber deposition and reduces the time available for jet elongation, ultimately leading to the formation of thicker fibers. Additionally, a stronger electric field may reduce Rayleigh instability and stabilize the

• production conditions. This evaluation allowed for the observation of the cross-sectional structure before and after core removal. The nanofibers were coated with approximately 10 nm of gold via sputter deposition for 1 min at 30 mA. Micrographs were acquired using an acceleration voltage of 2 kV and 0.21 nA

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• formation and deposition of nanostructures. The method was successfully applied for the formation of nanoflakes [80], nanoflowers [81], and nanofibers [82][83]. In this method, the choice of the organic precursor influences the shape of the produced nanostructures. For example, the formation of Ag

Mechanical property measurements enabled by short-term Fourier-transform of atomic force microscopy thermal deflection analysis

• Thomas Mathias,
• Roland Bennewitz and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1952–1962, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.136

• their polymerization/deposition. The topography of the surface was measured before acquiring a force-versus-distance measurement to ensure that these measurements were acquired on clean and flat regions of the substrate. To observe how the resonant frequency of the AFM cantilever changes as the attached

Evaluating metal-organic precursors for focused ion beam-induced deposition through solid-layer decomposition analysis

• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Franciszek Krok and
• Iwona B. Szymańska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1942–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.135

• Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.16.135 Abstract The development of modern metal deposition techniques like focused ion/electron beam-induced deposition (FIBID/FEBID) relies heavily on the availability of metal-organic precursors of particular properties. To

• irradiation differs from gas-phase deposition, we think that our method can be employed to optimize pre-screen and score new potential precursors for FIB applications by significantly reducing the time required and conserving valuable resources. Keywords: backscattered electrons (BSE); carboxylates; energy

• -dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX); focused ion beam (FIB); focused ion beam-induced deposition (FIBID); machine learning; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); Introduction A variety of nanomanufacturing techniques, such as optical and electron-beam lithography, nanoimprint lithography, atomic layer

Quantum circuits with SINIS structures

• Mikhail Tarasov,
• Mikhail Fominskii,
• Aleksandra Gunbina,
• Artem Krasilnikov,
• Maria Mansfeld,
• Dmitrii Kukushkin,
• Andrei Maruhno,
• Valeria Ievleva,
• Mikhail Strelkov,
• Daniil Zhogov,
• Konstantin Arutyunov,
• Vyacheslav Vdovin,
• Vladislav Stolyarov and
• Valerian Edelman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1931–1941, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.134

• deposition plants with thermal or e-beam evaporation. A much more available and simple deposition equipment is magnetron sputtering, but it provides only isotropic deposition, which is incompatible with anisotropic shadow evaporation. The practical solution for a magnetron sputtering is selective etching of

PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation

• Peiyang Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133

• deposition of complement fragments and formation of the membrane attack complex [64]. A study showed that exposure of LNPs containing 5 mol % DSPE-PEG2k to anti-PEG IgM and complement-active serum induced up to 50.5% release of encapsulated mRNA payload. In the widely used LNP composition containing 1.5 mol

• [70]. Complement activation plays a central role in mediating PEG immunogenicity. When anti-PEG antibodies bind to PEGylated LNPs, they can activate the complement cascade via classical pathways. This mechanism leads to the deposition of complement proteins C3 and C5b-9 on the nanoparticle surface

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

• environmental factors such as temperature, nutrient availability, water quality, and ecological interactions. Higher temperatures accelerate growth, while food scarcity and competition can prolong this phase [46][47][48]. The life cycle of Ae. aegypti (Figure 1) begins with the deposition of eggs by adult

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• simulations. Already at low fluence (3.75 × 1012 cm−2), a decrease in surface resistivity is seen, suggesting that deep energy deposition induces extensive fragmentation of the polymer skeleton, in particular cleavage of C–N, C–O, and C=C bonds and more efficient formation of conducting phases. As the fluence

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• representative studies at MAX IV, including investigations of single-atom catalysts, confined catalysis, time-resolved catalysis, atomic layer deposition, and electrochemical interfaces, showcasing the role of APXPS in advancing material and surface science. Keywords: 2D materials; atomic layer deposition

• environment, atomic layer deposition (ALD) is another field particularly developed at MAX IV. Also, the ultrahigh brightness of MAX IV ring, joined with in-house developments, make feasible in the soft X-ray regime, experiments accessing liquid layers and their interfaces with solids, opening up to completely

• fields of, among others, catalysis research, material characterization, and thin film deposition, utilizing dedicated cells. HIPPIE, on the 3 GeV ring, covers a wider photon energy range than SPECIES (250 to 2500 eV), also with variable polarization [10]. It has two branches, each with its own

Bioinspired polypropylene-based functionally graded materials and metamaterials modeling the mistletoe–host interface

• Lina M. Rojas González,
• Naeim Ghavidelnia,
• Christoph Eberl and
• Max D. Mylo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1592–1606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.113

• colleagues have also structured the interfaces of the gradients in their work on bioinspired 3D-printed fused deposition modeling materials, incorporating different patterns such as collagen-like triple helices into their geometric design, resulting in a 50% toughness increase compared to the non-graded

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• deposition, electrophoretic deposition, and electrochemical deposition are extensively utilized for the synthesis of TiO2 nanowire arrays, owing to their advantageous physical properties and varied applications [14][15]. Our previous study accomplished the precipitation of TiO2 nanowire arrays, with

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• structure and composition of Co–Ni–Fe films were evaluated, and it was found out how the deposition rate affects the conversion of a weak magnetic field into magnetic induction. In addition, thin-film structures based on Fe and Co are among the most promising materials that can be applied in the creation of

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• ) or silk, enabling implantable sensors, stimulators, or power harvesters that degrade harmlessly after use. For simple sensor devices, direct deposition of inorganic materials onto bioresorbable polymer substrates using shadow masks has been employed [14][48][63][64]. For example, conductive materials

• of organic displays, are known for their superior water resistance due to their densely packed atomic structures. However, even these films are susceptible to defects formed during deposition, which compromise their barrier function. To overcome this, display technologies have utilized techniques

• such as repeated stacking of SiOx/SiNx layers via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition or high-density conformal coatings using atomic layer deposition (ALD) (Figure 2e) [88]. Notably, both SiO2 and Si3N4 are bioresorbable materials [23][88][89][90], and efforts have been made to adopt these

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• comprehensive understanding of the process flow, from the laser-induced ejection of material into the gas phase, through its processing and movement in the plume, to its eventual deposition onto a substrate. Figure 1 shows key developments in thin film synthesis and laser-based processing from 1909 to 2025

• storage and conversion to chemical processing and material synthesis [84][85]. One of the key mechanisms underlying laser-induced defect engineering in liquids (LDL) is the rapid and localized energy deposition facilitated by laser irradiation. The high-intensity, coherent light can selectively and

• catalysis. This table is a summary based on the discussion and cited literature in Section 1. 2 Nanocolloids by laser processing in liquids to thin film fabrication For device applications, nanocolloids for thin film deposition play a crucial role in fabrication of devices and enhancing their performance

Photochemical synthesis of silver nanoprisms via green LED irradiation and evaluation of SERS activity

• Tuan Anh Mai-Ngoc,
• Nhi Kieu Vo,
• Cong Danh Nguyen,
• Thi Kim Xuan Nguyen and
• Thanh Sinh Do

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1417–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.103

• , the surfaces of the silver nanomaterials (initial AgNP seeds, planar twinned seeds) are continuously excited, and the growth of AgNPrs proceeds via two mechanisms (Figure 6). These mechanisms are: (1) TSC continues to be excited and promotes the reduction of Ag+, resulting in the deposition of Ag0 on

The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts

• Tuan Minh Truong Dang,
• Thao Thu Thi Huynh,
• Guo-Ping Chang-Chien and
• Ha Manh Bui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1401–1416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.102

• particles/kg [8]. The primary sources of MPs in agricultural soils include irrigation, fertilizers, farming practices (e.g., plastic mulching), and atmospheric deposition [5][6]. Additionally, recreational soils have been reported to contain higher MP concentrations than agricultural soils, as observed in

• biochar with a surface area of 368.3 m2·g−1 for sawdust [32]. Post-synthesis modification: Pre-synthesized biochar is immersed in ferric and ferrous solutions at pH 10–11 for 24 h, resulting in Fe3O4 deposition on the biochar surface [45]. The incorporation of functional groups significantly enhances the

Parylene-coated platinum nanowire electrodes for biomolecular sensing applications

• Chao Liu,
• Peker Milas,
• Michael G. Spencer and
• Birol Ozturk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1392–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.101

• , which can be coated with parylene-C polymer and the tip can be exposed by a focused laser beam. An electrochemical copper deposition test was performed to verify that the platinum electrode was fully exposed after evaporation of the parylene-C polymer at the tip. The test also demonstrated that the

• remaining parylene-C polymer on the rest of the electrode acted as an insulator. As shown in Figure 2a, a copper nodule was observed on the tip of the nanowire. Copper deposition on the tungsten metal part after parylene deposition and laser evaporation indicated that the parylene insulation was not

• complete as intended and these electrodes were discarded. A thin layer of copper deposition on the exposed platinum nanowire tip was further examined using SEM imaging and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) elemental composition analysis. Figure 2b presents an SEM image of the copper-coated

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• and exothermic events for the three materials (Figure 2b–d). These differences in transition temperatures confirm the successful surface modification of CTA with PDA and the subsequent successful deposition of Ag nanoparticles. The unique thermal signatures observed in the DTA curves provide clear

• further functionalization (Figure 4c). This PDA layer imparts functional groups, such as catechol and amino groups, which facilitate the subsequent reduction and immobilization of Ag nanoparticles. Upon Ag deposition, the PCTA membrane’s surface exhibits evenly distributed Ag nanoparticles nestled within

Automated collection and categorisation of STM images and STS spectra with and without machine learning

• Dylan Stewart Barker and
• Adam Sweetman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1367–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.99

• . The target temperature for SnPc deposition was 360 °C; once reached, the cryostat shields were opened for 1 h, before closing and checking the coverage in STM. Once deposited, the sample was cold annealed to room temperature, which has the effect of driving the molecules preferentially to the “elbow

Deep-learning recognition and tracking of individual nanotubes in low-contrast microscopy videos

• Vladimir Pimonov,
• Said Tahir and
• Vincent Jourdain

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1316–1324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.96

• , horizontally aligned carbon nanotubes (HA-CNTs) were synthesized inside a miniature chemical vapor deposition (CVD) cell with an optical window (Linkam TS1500). ST-cut quartz and iron nanoparticles served as substrate and catalyst, respectively. Ethanol and argon were, respectively, used as carbon precursor