Recent progress in enhancing built-in electric fields of perovskite solar cells via junction engineering

• Tong Xiao and
• Ke Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 602–621, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.42

• thickness. These efforts open new avenues to further increase the magnitude of the BEF and to achieve finer spatial control. In 2D/3D heterojunctions, mismatches in conduction type or interfacial work function (ΔΦ) between the 2D layer and 3D matrix limit band bending and weaken the BEF, reducing the

Impacts of annealing on structural and photophysical properties of zinc phthalocyanine adsorbed on graphene

• Gautier Creutzer,
• Quentin Fernez,
• Nataliya Kalashnyk,
• Zohreh Safarzadeh,
• Lydia Sosa Vargas,
• Céline Fiorini-Debuisschert,
• Nicolas Fabre and
• Fabrice Charra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 576–585, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.39

• -tunneling-microscopy and optical microspectroscopy of a 2D phase change experienced by a self-assembled zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) monolayer adsorbed on graphene. To probe the intrinsic properties of individual ZnPc molecules, they are spatially confined within the pores of a self-assembled 2D matrix. This

• experienced by ZnPc self-assembled monolayer on graphene or HOPG. Single ZnPc molecules are guest-isolated within the nanocavities of a self-assembled 2D host matrix, preventing intermolecular interactions and allowing for individual characterization. This phase change, induced by annealing, is discussed in

• the transferred CVD graphene [45]. We thus studied the effects of annealing on the structure of ZnPc trapped in a TSB35-C12 nanoporous matrix by STM on HOPG, as reported in Figure 3. The same behavior is expected on graphene, in line with our previously published results [40][45]. The annealing mainly

Synthesis of Cu–Mo/TiO₂ and Co–Mo/TiO₂ photocatalysts for the efficient degradation of organic pollutants in water

• Ilse Acosta,
• Brenda Zermeño,
• Edgar Moctezuma,
• Luis F. Garay-Rodríguez and
• Isaías Juárez-Ramírez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 559–570, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.37

• into the semiconductor matrix. The incorporation of co-dopants results in the formation of heterostructures with different electronic structures compared to the TiO2 structure, which promotes charge separation and visible light absorption [6]. The incorporation of two types of cations into the TiO2

Electrochemical determination of ciprofloxacin using a MIL-101/reduced graphene oxide-modified electrode

• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Nguyen Ngoc Nghia,
• Nguyen Vinh Phu,
• Vo Thi Khanh Ly,
• Le Lam Son,
• Pham Khac Lieu,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Nguyen Dinh Luyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 541–554, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.35

• %), which mainly originates from the rGO sheets and the organic linker of MIL-101, indicating the effective incorporation of rGO into the composite matrix. Oxygen (O) is the most abundant element with 48.87 wt % (51.03 atom %), consistent with the presence of metal–oxygen clusters in MIL-101 as well as

Fractional shot noise of an SU(N) Kondo system

• Damian Krychowski and
• Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 515–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.34

• of the SU(N) group, i = 1, ..., N2 − 1, and ν, ν′ range over N channels. The operators Ti span the full space of local physical observables. Ti = (1/2)Λi, where i is a generalized G-M matrix. The above choice of generators, called fundamental, is not the only one [42][44][98]; but to treat all

Probing internal continua and atomic ultrafast charge transfer within size-controlled nanoparticles by post-collision interaction in core-hole clock spectroscopy

• Johannes Lütgert,
• Erika Giangrisostomi,
• Nomi L. A. N. Sorgenfrei and
• Alexander Föhlisch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 505–514, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.33

• materials [24][25][26], nanoparticles [27], and matrix-embedded polymers [28]. Results and Discussion Figure 1a shows S KL2,3L2,3 Auger electron spectra at different photon energies around the absorption edge of S 1s electrons as a color-coded map. The intensity ratio between the Raman and Auger channels is

Nanocarrier-integrated multilayer films produced by 3D printing for improved skin adhesion and curcumin photostability

• Thayse Viana de Oliveira,
• Ana Paula Farias Leão,
• Júlia Leão,
• Cesar Liberato Petzhold and
• Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 440–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.30

• significant reduction in curcumin content under UVC exposure, confirming the intrinsic photolability of curcumin in the polymeric matrix. In contrast, complete multilayer films incorporating the TiO2-containing top layer maintained significantly higher curcumin levels over 24 h, demonstrating the effective

• restricting molecular mobility and reducing direct light exposure within the matrix. However, the most pronounced protective effect was clearly associated with the presence of the TiO2-containing layer, indicating that spatial separation of functions enabled by multilayer 3D printing is critical for achieving

• previously demonstrated for SSE-based systems [27]. The incorporation of alginate contributes to biocompatibility and creates a hydrogel microenvironment resembling the extracellular matrix, which may favour tissue interaction [33]. The upper layer, composed of a CMC hydrogel containing titanium dioxide

First-principles study on elastic properties of Cu, (Cu_1−x,Ni_x)₃Sn and interfacial mechanical properties of (Cu_1−x,Ni_x)₃Sn/Cu in the lead-free solder joint

• Guomin Hua

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 428–439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.29

• s11, s22, s33, s12, s13, s23, s44, s55, and s66 are the elements of the elastic compliance matrix. The elastic compliance matrix is the inverse of the elastic constant matrix. l1, l2 and l3 are the direction cosines of the ⟨hkl⟩ axes. Using the elastic compliance matrix, the three-dimensional (3D

Nanoinformatics: spanning scales, systems and solutions

• Iseult Lynch,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Kunal Roy and
• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 423–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.28

• classical molecular dynamics and ab initio calculations revealed that TA preferentially binds to the most reactive sites on GO surfaces via oxygen-containing groups or the carbon matrix. The binding energy was dominated by van der Waals interaction forces. A dose-dependent mitigating effect of TA on the

Biomimetic nanoparticles in cancer photodynamic therapy: a review of targeted delivery systems and therapeutic outcomes

• Valentina I. Gorbacheva,
• Alexey S. Grabovoy,
• Polina S. Marukhina,
• Anastasiia O. Syrocheva and
• Ekaterina P. Kolesova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 396–422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.27

• integrins, selectins, cadherins, and members of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF). Integrins typically interact with the extracellular matrix, whereas selectins, cadherins, and IgSF proteins are primarily responsible for cell–cell adhesion [89]. The cytoplasmic and extracellular domains of these

• of the most extensively studied integrins, αVβ3, is a transmembrane receptor for extracellular matrix proteins that binds cyclic RGD peptides with high affinity and interacts with SRC oncogene to promote lymph node metastasis. For example, RGD-coated BNPs enhanced doxorubicin (DOX) uptake by 1.4

• ) [175][176][177] or MOFs [165][178][179], and a stabilizing matrix often composed of polymers, lipids, or proteins like human serum albumin (HSA) [177]. Figure 6 schematically illustrates examples of these key strategies for mitigating hypoxia in tumor tissues using BNPs. Table 2 presents the main

Eco-efficient materials for agricultural crops based on a mineral rich in MOR- and HEU-type zeolites

• Esperanza Yamile de la Nuez-Pantoja,
• Inocente Rodríguez-Iznaga,
• Gerardo Rodríguez-Fuentes,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• Ariel Martínez García,
• José Juan Calvino Gámez and
• Daniel Goma Jiménez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 381–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.26

• affect the interaction of chemical species with the zeolitic matrix, altering the behaviour of the resulting materials. In this work, a mineral consisting mainly of a mixture of two zeolites, mordenite (MOR) and clinoptilolite-heulandite (HEU) with equivalent fractions, was used to develop materials

• carrying nutrients (N, P, and K) for agricultural crops. The mineral matrix provides important elements such as K and Si, while N and P were incorporated into the material by treatment with ammonium hydrogenphosphate and urea. The presence of superficially adsorbed PO43−, NH4+ exchanged in zeolites, and

• utilized by crop plants during their development. Furthermore, the silicon contained in its matrix is considered an important element due to its role in the physiology and biochemistry of agricultural crops [12]. The cation exchange and adsorption properties of zeolites form the basis for the modification

Ferroelectric nanodot reservoir for neuromorphic computing

• Anna Razumnaya,
• Yuri Tikhonov,
• Dmitrii Naidenko,
• Léo Boron,
• Valerii Vinokur and
• Igor Lukyanchuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 352–364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.24

• output, where the array of ferroelectric nanodots serves as a pixel-wise data storage matrix. In the configuration shown in Figure 7a, optoelectronic techniques are employed. At the input stage, a pixel-resolved optical beam locally excites charges at the top electrode, inducing spatially resolved

• coupled system. Interaction matrix and local fields arise naturally from electrostatic coupling, while the discrete polarization states map to binary Ising variables. This analogy provides a physically grounded platform for implementing neuromorphic functionality. The system operates through charge

Gold nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide as a highly effective catalyst for the selective α,β-dehydrogenation of N-alkyl-4-piperidones

• Brenda Flore Kenyim,
• Mihir Tzalis,
• Marilyn Kaul,
• Robert Oestreich,
• Aysenur Limon,
• Chancellin Pecheu Nkepdep and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 218–238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.15

• the gold precursor from solution. Hence, DLS analysis of the AuNPs will neither be possible. Only TEM analysis can be used to characterize the gold nanoparticles within the carbon matrix. Upon examining the TEM images at 50 nm magnification of the Au@SiW9/rGO system synthesized via DP (Figure 8a), it

• reduces the active surface area. Moreover, AuNPs become partially embedded within the carbon matrix, reducing their access and availability for catalytic reactions [46]. Consequently, the composites prepared by RD typically exhibit superior catalytic performance compared to their DP-derived counterparts

Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging of contaminant species in chemical vapour deposited graphene on copper

• Barry Brennan,
• Vlad-Petru Veigang-Radulescu,
• Philipp Braeuninger-Weimer,
• Stephan Hofmann and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 200–213, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.13

• CasaXPS (version 2.3.26PR1.0) with Shirley-type backgrounds for the high-resolution spectra, and elemental composition was calculated from the wide scans using the NPL transmission functions and average matrix relative sensitivity factors after removal of a Tougaard or linear background [45]. Results and

From shield to spear: Charge-reversible nanocarriers in overcoming cancer therapy barriers

• Madhuri Yeduvaka,
• Pooja Mittal,
• Ameer Boyalakuntla,
• Usman Bee Shaik,
• Himanshu Sharma,
• Thakur Gurjeet Singh,
• Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula and
• Lakshmi Vineela Nalla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 159–175, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.10

• function and various bodily processes. Certain enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), hyaluronidases (HAases), γ-glutamyltransferases (GGTs), aminopeptidases (APNs), esterases, and others, are found more regularly in cancer cells [32][47][48][49]. By encapsulating specific enzyme substrates in

Capabilities of the 3D-MLSI software tool in superconducting neuron design

• Irina E. Tarasova,
• Nikita S. Shuravin,
• Liubov N. Karelina,
• Fedor A. Razorenov,
• Evgeny N. Zhardetsky,
• Aleksandr S. Ionin,
• Mikhail M. Khapaev and
• Vitaly V. Bol’ginov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 122–138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.8

• matrix [33]. The Gauss neuron represents a two-junction interferometer that is also shunted symmetrically to generate the output signal. This type of circuit was considered for the first time in [34][35][36][37] and named the quantum flux parametron (QFP). In [38], it was demonstrated that the energy

• of the neuron’s receiving parts with respect to receiving the input signal. The corresponding component of the inductance matrix is quite small; however, it significantly affects the shape of the TF. Therefore, the designs proposed in [26][27] require further refinement. In this work, we study sigma

• on averaging the 3D current over the thin thickness of a superconductor film [49][50]. In contrast to InductEx and SuperVoxHenry, it leads to a set of 2D integro-differential equations instead of three-dimensional ones. As a result, 3D-MLSI can work without the large matrix procession techniques

Development and in vitro evaluation of liposomes and immunoliposomes containing 5-fluorouracil and R-phycoerythrin as a potential phototheranostic system for colorectal cancer

• Raissa Rodrigues Camelo,
• Vivianne Cortez Sombra Vandesmet,
• Octavio Vital Baccallini,
• José de Brito Vieira Neto,
• Thais da Silva Moreira,
• Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal,
• Claudia Pessoa,
• Daniel Giuliano Cerri,
• Maria Vitória Lopes Badra Bentley,
• Josimar O. Eloy,
• Ivanildo José da Silva Júnior and
• Raquel Petrilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 97–121, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.7

• , changes in relative intensity and slight shifts in the amide and carbonyl bands were noted, suggesting intermolecular interactions between R-PE, 5-FU, and the lipid matrix. These spectral shifts are indicative of hydrogen bonding and rearrangement of the molecular microenvironment, phenomena commonly

Functional surface engineering for cultural heritage protection: the role of superhydrophobic and superoleophobic coatings – a comprehensive review

• Giuseppe Cesare Lama,
• Marino Lavorgna,
• Letizia Verdolotti,
• Federica Recupido,
• Giovanna Giuliana Buonocore and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 63–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.6

• ) layer. Subsequently, the authors incorporated the PCA-coated VCMs into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix, significantly reducing the thermal conductivity of the coatings and improving their surface hydrophobicity. The coating provided robust protection for concrete, enhancing abrasion resistance and

• hydrocarbon chain length and halogen content, which influenced their interaction with the geopolymer matrix. Both materials showed increased hydrophobicity, particularly when using long-chain or halogenated alkoxysilanes, which helped chemical bonding between the hybrid coatings and the geopolymer structure

• labeled F-WPU@ZIF-8/ Ti3C2Tx. The two nanomaterials (the MOF ZIF-8 and the 2D MXene Ti3C2Tx), synthesized and dispersed uniformly before being incorporated into the WPU matrix and sprayed onto the bronze substrates, were aimed to fill microcracks and structural defects in the polymer matrix, improving

Microscopic study of the intermediate mixed state in intertype superconductors

• Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
• Alexander V. Kalashnikov,
• Andrey V. Krasavin and
• Alexei Vagov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 57–62, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.5

• -neighbor hopping amplitude, and g > 0 denotes the onsite attraction strength. An external magnetic field is incorporated via the Peierls substitution in the hopping matrix elements as where A(r) is the vector potential associated with the magnetic field B = ∇ × A. Within the mean-field approximation, the

Competitive helical bands and highly efficient diode effect in F/S/TI/S/F hybrid structures

• Tairzhan Karabassov,
• Irina V. Bobkova,
• Pavel M. Marychev,
• Vasiliy S. Stolyarov,
• Vyacheslav M. Silkin and
• Andrey S. Vasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 15–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.2

• in the dirty limit. h = (hx, 0, 0) is the exchange field due to the adjacent ferromagnetic material. The matrices τ and σ are 2 × 2 Pauli matrices in the particle–hole and spin spaces, respectively. The superconducting pair potential matrix is defined as , where the transformation matrix is . The

• constant, and τz is the Pauli matrix in the particle–hole space. In the general case, the operator . The Green’s function matrix is also transformed as . To facilitate the solution procedures of the nonlinear Usadel equations, we employ θ parametrization of the Green’s functions [82]: Substituting the

• above matrix into the Usadel equation (Equation 4), we obtain in the superconducting S parts |x| > L/2: where the indices i = 1, 2 refer to the superconducting parts S1 and S2, respectively, qi = q + 2hi/α, and in the normal N part −L/2 < x < L/2: where θs(N) means the value of θ is the S(N) of the TI

Internal 3D temperature mapping in biological systems using ratiometric light-sheet imaging and lipid-coated upconversion nanothermometers

• Dannareli Barron-Ortiz,
• Enric Pérez-Parets,
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava,
• Emilio J. Gualda,
• Jacob Licea-Rodríguez,
• Juan Hernández-Cordero,
• Pablo Loza-Álvarez and
• Israel Rocha-Mendoza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2306–2316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.159

• photonic UC of multiple NIR photons into visible luminescence [38]. As an example, in the NaYF4:Er3+/Yb3+ composite (such as that used in this work), the NaYF4 crystal matrix is co-doped with Yb3+ acting as the sensitizer to enhance the NIR absorption cross section, whereas the Er3+ ion acts as the emitter

• outer tissues. Aldehyde fixatives act at the organism’s surface without significantly altering the internal optical environment where the UC nanoparticles are located. Because upconversion luminescence arises from lanthanide ions shielded within the nanoparticle matrix, its emission is largely

Visualizing nanostructures in supramolecular hydrogels: a correlative study using confocal and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy

• Shaun M. Smith,
• Ferdinando Malagreca,
• Jacqueline Hicks,
• Giuseppe Mantovani,
• David B. Amabilino,
• Christopher Parmenter and
• Lluïsa Pérez-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2274–2284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.156

• may be structurally perturbed. In contrast, DPP-BC enables high-resolution imaging across both techniques with minimal structural disruption. This divergence underscores the importance of selecting fluorophores not merely for brightness, but also for compatibility with the gel matrix and the imaging

Geometry-controlled engineering of the low-temperature proximity effect in normal metal–superconductor junctions

• Munisa A. Tomayeva,
• Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
• Andrey V. Krasavin,
• Alexei Vagov and
• Mihail D. Croitoru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2265–2273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.155

• solving the Bogoliubov–de Gennes matrix equations [5][47][48][49]: where u and v are eigenvectors, and E the corresponding eigenvalues, μ represents the chemical potential of the system, which is adjusted to have the electron density below half-filling, , where N is the number of lattice sites, to avoid

Optical bio/chemical sensors for vitamin B₁₂ analysis in food and pharmaceuticals: state of the art, challenges, and future outlooks

• Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi and
• Zeynep Altintas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2207–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.153

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• support matrix for these composites, stabilizing the photocatalyst and enhancing its interaction with MPs [78]. Another novel strategy is the use of multifunctional nanomaterials, such as ZnO–CuO composites, which have both antibacterial and strong photocatalytic activity. These substances provide long