Paper-based triboelectric nanogenerators and their applications: a review

• Jing Han,
• Nuo Xu,
• Yuchen Liang,
• Mei Ding,
• Junyi Zhai,
• Qijun Sun and
• Zhong Lin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 151–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.12

• stable thin layer, which could be used as a free-standing friction layer (also electrode) in TENGs. In addition to the applications in energy harvesting, GO can also be readily used to monitor the relative humidity (RH) because of the strong interactions between water molecules and oxygen functional

• layer. In a low RH scenario, water molecules are primarily condensed onto the available active sites of the GO surface, which act as the obstacle for electrostatically induced charges and reduce the contact surface to form a depletion region. As a consequence, the output current of the GO P-TENGs

• decreases in a low RH condition. As the RH increases, the hydroxy groups of the first physisorbed layer bond to water molecules, through hydrogen bonding, which also permeate into the interlayers of GO. The gradually absorbed water layer creates a uniform barrier layer for the induction of positive charges

Fusion of purple membranes triggered by immobilization on carbon nanomembranes

• René Riedel,
• Natalie Frese,
• Fang Yang,
• Martin Wortmann,
• Raphael Dalpke,
• Daniel Rhinow,
• Norbert Hampp and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 93–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.8

• fluorescence micrographs. Funding This work was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) Cluster of Excellence “Macromolecular Complexes” Frankfurt, DFG grant GO 918/14-1 to AG, DFG grant HA 2906/9-1 to NH, and DFG grant RH 134/1-1 to DR.

Free and partially encapsulated manganese ferrite nanoparticles in multiwall carbon nanotubes

• Saja Al-Khabouri,
• Salim Al-Harthi,
• Toru Maekawa,
• Mohamed E. Elzain,
• Ashraf Al-Hinai,
• Ahmed D. Al-Rawas,
• Abbsher M. Gismelseed,
• Ali A. Yousif and
• Myo Tay Zar Myint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1891–1904, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.170

• at 77 K, using a Mössbauer spectrometer in constant-acceleration mode with 50 mC 57Co in a Rh source. Results and Discussion Free MnFe2O4 nanoparticles The XRD patterns were analyzed using the MAUD (material analysis using diffraction) fitting software based on the Rietveld method and on Fourier

The influence of an interfacial hBN layer on the fluorescence of an organic molecule

• Christine Brülke,
• Oliver Bauer and
• Moritz M. Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1663–1684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.149

• bandgap of hBN, as indicated in Figure 1b. This is in agreement with the findings by Martínez-Galera et al. for PTCDA/hBN/Rh(110) [34]. From scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) experiments, the authors concluded that the coupling is only weak. They deduced further that the CT (in the ground state

• al. [23] investigated the optical absorption properties of PTCDA on hBN/Rh(111) and hBN/Pt(111). Here, we report a direct comparison of FL spectra of PTCDA/hBN/Cu(111) and PTCDA/Cu(111), which allows for a relative determination of the efficiency of the hBN layer to decouple the excited states of

• threshold temperature (ca. 280 K). This explains why FLB can only be observed after annealing or deposition at or above this temperature. The energetic difference between FLA and FLB amounts to ca. 150 cm−1. We compare this to the energetic shift reported by Forker et al. who investigated PTCDA on hBN/Rh

Self-assembly and spectroscopic fingerprints of photoactive pyrenyl tectons on hBN/Cu(111)

• Domenik M. Zimmermann,
• Knud Seufert,
• Luka Ðorđević,
• Tobias Hoh,
• Sushobhan Joshi,
• Tomas Marangoni,
• Davide Bonifazi and
• Willi Auwärter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1470–1483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.130

• coverages of PTCDA and MnPc on the strongly corrugated hBN/Rh(111) support [21][22][80], with computational modeling showing PTCDA rings positioned above the N sites of a hBN flake [14]. In contrast, no preferred orientations have been identified for a hydrocarbon lander molecule (i.e., DBP) on hBN/Pt(111

Triboelectric nanogenerator based on Teflon/vitamin B1 powder for self-powered humidity sensing

• Liangyi Zhang,
• Huan Li,
• Yiyuan Xie,
• Jing Guo and
• Zhiyuan Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1394–1401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.123

• -emitting diodes (LEDs) are integrated with the humidity sensor and the luminosity is an indicator of the relative humidity (RH) from the surrounding environment. Experimental The conductive copper foil tape is used as the electrode, while the paper (manufacturer: Miao Ben) at the bottom serves as a

• -TENG were performed in Chongqing, located in the southern region of China where it rains often and the annual relative humidity is usually above 40%. Thus, the humidity sensor response is limited due to a change in RH from 40 to 90% (Figure 4a–f). The dynamic change between the output voltage and the

• RH can be derived from the 2D graph. As the RH increased, there was a declining trend in the output signal. Figure 4 shows the output voltage of the TVB-TENG upon a change in RH. The output voltages of 371 V, 331 V, 247 V, 180 V, 137 V and 105 V corresponded to RH levels of 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80

Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of rubrene on clean and graphene-covered metal surfaces

• Karl Rothe,
• Alexander Mehler,
• Nicolas Néel and
• Jörg Kröger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1157–1167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.100

• phthalocyanine molecules on graphene-covered SiO2/Si samples [5] as well as on h-BN-covered Ir(111) [6], of conjugated oligohenylenes on h-BN-covered Cu(111) [7], of manganese phthalocyanine on h-BN-covered Rh(111) [8], and of 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylbisbenz[5,6]indendo[1,2,3-cd:1′,2′,3′-lm]perylene on graphene

Excitonic and electronic transitions in Me–Sb₂Se₃ structures

• Nicolae N. Syrbu,
• Victor V. Zalamai,
• Ivan G. Stamov and
• Stepan I. Beril

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1045–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.89

• following parameters: εb = 7.5, ωТ = 1.219 eV, ωLT = 14 meV, γ = 161, and M = 4.5m0. By using the obtained experimental data and the known relation where RH is the Rydberg energy of a hydrogen atom (13.6 eV) and Ry is the binding energy for the corresponding exciton (Rydberg constant), the reduced

Key for crossing the BBB with nanoparticles: the rational design

• Sonia M. Lombardo,
• Marc Schneider,
• Akif E. Türeli and
• Nazende Günday Türeli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 866–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.72

• 20, 40, 60 and 80, poloxamer 184, 188, 388, 407 and 908, Brij® 35 and Cremophors® EZ and RH. Only PBCA nanoparticles coated with polysorbates showed a significant analgesic effect, and the highest effect was obtained for PS80-coated nanoparticles. Further studies showed that PS80 did not cause any

Recent progress in perovskite solar cells: the perovskite layer

• Xianfeng Dai,
• Ke Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 51–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.5

• only 2.2% after 1,512 hours without encapsulation when exposed to ambient conditions with 55% relative humidity (RH). Very recently, Stoumpos et al. [60] reported a novel 2D perovskite that adopted the Dion–Jacobson (DJ) structure, which is considered to be more stable and more efficient than its RP

• light illumination for 3,000 hours and damp heat (heating at 85 °C and 85% RH) for 168 hours. These results demonstrate that PSCs based on DJ phase perovskites have higher efficiency and stability than those based on the RP structure, without the need for additives or pretreatment. 2D/3D PSCs Although

• hydrophobicity, which could improve the performance and the stability of the devices. Indeed, the resulting 2D/3D PSCs showed superior stability. Namely, the PCE of the devices decreased by only 8% of the initial value upon exposure to ambient conditions with 50 ± 5% RH for 2400 h. The maximum PCE of the devices

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• all a higher aspect ratio (Rg/RH) and a lower fractal dimension. We then compared the kinetics of uptake and the (antiluciferase) siRNA delivery performance in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages and in human HCT-116 colorectal tumor cells. The preparative method (and therefore the internal particle

• . DLS data were analysed using the Zetasizer Nano software (Malvern). The data were also used to calculate: ρ = Rg/Rh (shape factor). This parameter defines key geometrical characteristics of a colloid. ρ values are given in literature [23] for a variety of particle morphologies. For example, ρ = 0.775

• provides also information about the colloid compactness through parameters such as their average radius of gyration Rg (it depends on the mass distribution), the shape factor ρ defined as the Rg/RH ratio, and the mass fractal dimension Dm defined as the exponent in the relation between mass of a colloidal

Semitransparent Sb₂S₃ thin film solar cells by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for use in solar windows

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Lothar Weinhardt,
• Monika Blum,
• Clemens Heske,
• Wanli Yang,
• Ilona Oja Acik and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.230

• at rest in VOC condition for 230 days at room temperature (RT), relative humidity (RH) <30%, and exposed to both indoor light and daylight incident through the laboratory windows (Figure 6). In the 7.1 mm2 cell, over 230 days, VOC increased slightly, whereas JSC was halved, FF decreased slightly due

• up to 363 days at ≈20 °C, RH <30%. Photoconversion parameters of 100 nm Sb2S3 solar cells without aging (black dots) or after 180 days of aging (red triangles) as a function of light intensity. The dotted lines are a guide to the eye. The light intensity was attenuated from AM1.5G, 100 mW cm−2 with

Ion mobility and material transport on KBr in air as a function of the relative humidity

• Dominik J. Kirpal,
• Korbinian Pürckhauer,
• Alfred J. Weymouth and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2084–2093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.203

• . Typically, air is composed of different gases, a small fraction of aerosols and water vapor. The relative humidity (RH) usually ranges from about 25% to 70%, depending on weather and season. A thin film of water molecules adsorbs on every surface exposed to humid gases [1][2][3]. The thickness of these

• time of exposure to the humid air. The layer thickness ranges from partial coverage at very low humidities (RH < 10%) up to several nanometers near saturation. Arima et al. performed XPS measurements on potassium bromide (KBr) thin films under UHV conditions (4·10−10 mbar) in order to determine the

• thickness as a function of the relative humidity [4]. They observed an increase of the coverage up to one monolayer at RH = 30%. This thickness remained constant up to a relative humidity of about 60%. A small increase up to RH = 80% and large increase up to 2 nm for higher humidities was recorded. It has

Magnetic properties of biofunctionalized iron oxide nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

• Natalia E. Gervits,
• Andrey A. Gippius,
• Alexey V. Tkachev,
• Evgeniy I. Demikhov,
• Sergey S. Starchikov,
• Igor S. Lyubutin,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Vladimir P. Chekhonin,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Alevtina S. Semkina and
• Alexander G. Mazhuga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1964–1972, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.193

• temperature range of 10–300 K with a standard MS-1104Em spectrometer operated in the constant acceleration regime [30][31]. The gamma ray source 57Co(Rh) was maintained at room temperature. The calibration was performed with a metal α-Fe standard absorber. The XRD patterns were collected using the Rigaku

Pulsed laser synthesis of highly active Ag–Rh and Ag–Pt antenna–reactor-type plasmonic catalysts

• Kenneth A. Kane and
• Massimo F. Bertino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1958–1963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.192

• Kenneth A. Kane Massimo F. Bertino Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, 23220, USA 10.3762/bjnano.10.192 Abstract Ag, Pt, and Rh monometallic colloids were produced via laser ablation. Separate Ag–Rh and Ag–Pt heterostructures were formed by mixing and

• resulted in groupings of Rh/Pt nanoparticles adsorbing to the concavities of the larger Ag nanostructures. The 400 nm Ag plasmonic absorption peak was slightly blue-shifted for Ag–Pt and red-shifted for Ag–Rh heterostructures. Catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol increased significantly

• for Ag–Pt and Ag–Rh compared to the monometallic constituents, and persisted at lower loading ratios and consecutive reduction cycles. The enhancement is attributed to the Rh and Pt nanoparticles forming antenna–reactor-type plasmonic catalysts with the Ag nanostructures. Keywords: Ag; antenna

High-temperature resistive gas sensors based on ZnO/SiC nanocomposites

• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Marina N. Rumyantseva,
• Alexander S. Frolov,
• Alexey D. Yapryntsev and
• Alexander M. Gaskov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1537–1547, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.151

• humidity (RH = 0% and RH = 30% at 25 °C) was used as a background gas. The test gases containing CO (20 ppm) and NH3 (20 ppm) were created from certified gas mixtures by the dilution with purified air with a pre-assigned humidity The corresponding gas flows were controlled by electronic mass-flow

Selective gas detection using Mn₃O₄/WO₃ composites as a sensing layer

• Yongjiao Sun,
• Zhichao Yu,
• Wenda Wang,
• Pengwei Li,
• Gang Li,
• Wendong Zhang,
• Lin Chen,
• Serge Zhuivkov and
• Jie Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1423–1433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.140

• derived from temperature, the working temperature of a sensor is a key factor related to its sensing properties [21]. Therefore, it becomes necessary to optimize the working temperature. Unless otherwise stated, all gas sensing measurements were carried out at a humidity of ≈35 RH%. Figure 6 shows the

• 284.6 eV was used to calibrate the binding energy scale. The gas sensing measurements were carried out on a CGS-4TP device under standard laboratory conditions (≈35 RH%, 21 °C). Gas sensing characteristics Gas sensors based on pure WO3 and Mn3O4/WO3 composites were fabricated using a typical procedure

Multicomponent bionanocomposites based on clay nanoarchitectures for electrochemical devices

• Giulia Lo Dico,
• Bernd Wicklein,
• Lorenzo Lisuzzo,
• Giuseppe Lazzara,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.129

• -casting from the 0.2% w/v dispersion on polyester Petri dishes and dried at 30 °C and 60% relative humidity (RH) in a CLIMACELL EVO Stability Chamber (Incubator model 111L). The bionanocomposite foams were prepared by freeze-drying (Cryodos-80, Telstar) of the 8% w/v dispersion, which was cast in

Co-doped MnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles: magnetic anisotropy and interparticle interactions

• Bagher Aslibeiki,
• Parviz Kameli,
• Hadi Salamati,
• Giorgio Concas,
• Maria Salvador Fernandez,
• Alessandro Talone,
• Giuseppe Muscas and
• Davide Peddis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 856–865, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.86

• 1000 Hz. Mössbauer spectra were recorded at room temperature using a source of 57Co in Rh, in transmission geometry. The velocity scale was calibrated using a 25 μm Fe foil; the isomer shift values are referred to metal iron. The spectra were analysed as a superposition of two components with peaks of

Topochemical engineering of composite hybrid fibers using layered double hydroxides and abietic acid

• Liji Sobhana,
• Lokesh Kesavan,
• Jan Gustafsson and
• Pedro Fardim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 589–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.60

• measurements were conducted by using a L&W tensile tester SE 060 according to ISO 1924-2:2008, with a slight variation of elongation rate (12 mm·min−1) and test span (100 mm). The tensile tests were performed at 23 °C and 50% RH. Tensile strength tests were also performed with an unmodified ISO standard (ISO

• ISO brightness value of the dry fiber materials made into sheets. Both reference and modified fiber sheets were analyzed. The ISO brightness tests were performed at 23 °C and 50% RH. Results and Discussion Bleached (pine) and unbleached (spruce) kraft pulp fibers (F), refined (BKPR, UBKPR) and

Mo-doped boron nitride monolayer as a promising single-atom electrocatalyst for CO₂ conversion

• Qianyi Cui,
• Gangqiang Qin,
• Weihua Wang,
• Lixiang Sun,
• Aijun Du and
• Qiao Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 540–548, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.55

• ), including Sc to Zn, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd and Ag, supported on a boron nitride (BN) monolayer with boron vacancies, were investigated as electrocatalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction (CRR) using comprehensive density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results demonstrate that a single-Mo-atom-doped boron

• (TM = Sc to Zn, Mo, Rh, Ru, Pd and Ag) anchored on the boron vacancy in a BN monolayer as electrocatalysts for CO2 conversion through comprehensive density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Based on the calculated results, single Mo doped onto a BN (Mo-doped BN) monolayer was selected as the

• onto BN monolayers (TM-doped BN) as the SACs, the interaction between CO2 and various TM (Sc to Zn, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd and Ag) doped BN monolayers were considered. Moreover, for efficient reduction of CO2, the interaction between CO2 and the catalyst should be stronger than that between H2O and the

Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy and sensor applications of PtSe₂ nanosheets synthesized by wet chemistry

• Mahendra S. Pawar and
• Dattatray J. Late

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 467–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.46

• annealed in a vacuum furnace at 170 °C to improve the contact resistance and adhesion of the nanosheets with the substrate. The humidity sensing performance was investigated by exposing the sensor device to various relative humidity (RH) levels ranging from 11.3–97.3% as described in detail previously [26

• conductivity of the sensor device, similar to that observed for other 2D materials such as SnSe2 [35], MoS2 [36], BP [26], and MoSe2 [37]. Figure 7b shows a typical current–time (I–t) plot where cycles of 11.3% and 97.3% RH levels were used to calculate the response and recovery time. The response and recovery

• function of temperature. PtSe2 nanosheet based humidity sensor: (a) Typical resistance versus relative humidity plot and (b) current–time (I–t) plot taken after switching 11% RH and 97% RH. The photodetector application of PtSe2 nanosheets: (c) I–V in dark conditions and with green LED light and (d

Investigation of CVD graphene as-grown on Cu foil using simultaneous scanning tunneling/atomic force microscopy

• Majid Fazeli Jadidi,
• Umut Kamber,
• Oğuzhan Gürlü and
• H. Özgür Özer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2953–2959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.274

• two main groups, i.e., “strongly bonded” and “weakly bonded”. Graphene–Ni, graphene–Co and graphene–Rh are classified as strongly bonded and others such as graphene–Cu, graphene–Au and graphene–Ir are classified as weakly bonded. Moreover, graphene–metal interaction can result in a lattice-matched

Comparative biological effects of spherical noble metal nanoparticles (Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) with 4–8 nm diameter

• Alexander Rostek,
• Marina Breisch,
• Kevin Pappert,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Marc Heggen,
• Manfred Köller,
• Christina Sengstock and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2763–2774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.258

• /bjnano.9.258 Abstract For a comparative cytotoxicity study, nanoparticles of the noble metals Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt, and Au (spherical, average diameter 4 to 8 nm) were prepared by reduction in water and colloidally stabilized with poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP). Thus, their shape, size, and surface

• after unintended exposure [10][11][12][13][14]. Noble metal nanoparticles such as Au, Pt, Pd, and Rh have distinct catalytic properties in biology, and have been reported to show several enzyme-like activities in vitro, including reactive oxygen species scavenger activity [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22

• ][52]. This previously prompted us to carry out a multicentre study where the same silver nanoparticles were investigated in different laboratories with different biological assays [44]. Following the same approach, we have synthesized and thoroughly characterized nanoparticles of the noble metals Rh

High-temperature magnetism and microstructure of a semiconducting ferromagnetic (GaSb)_1−x(MnSb)_x alloy

• Leonid N. Oveshnikov,
• Elena I. Nekhaeva,
• Alexey V. Kochura,
• Alexander B. Davydov,
• Mikhail A. Shakhov,
• Sergey F. Marenkin,
• Oleg A. Novodvorskii,
• Alexander P. Kuzmenko,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Boris A. Aronzon and
• Erkki Lahderanta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2457–2465, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.230

• sample are shown in Figure 3a and Figure 3b. The Hall resistivity in magnetic systems can be divided into two parts: where RH is the Hall constant, used for the determination of Np and μ (see Table 1), and Rs is the anomalous Hall constant, which is defined by several parameters of the system [22]. Thus

• presented curves we used a simple linear fit of the high field region. In this case the fitting function has two variables, the slope (RH) and an offset, which corresponds to the saturated AHE amplitude RAHE. A second sign for the interaction between magnetic and conducting subsystems is the appearance of a

• ], while the total magnetic moment of isolated Mn atoms can be substantially smaller than that of MnSb inclusions. The temperature dependence of ΔRH is more complicated. But in the present case of a large AHE contribution, MR and AHE itself can strongly affect RH through the relations of conductivity and