Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

Measurement of polarization effects in dual-phase ceria-based oxygen permeation membranes using Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Kerstin Neuhaus,
• Christina Schmidt,
• Liudmila Fischer,
• Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg,
• Ke Ran,
• Joachim Mayer and
• Stefan Baumann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.102

• electrochemical experiments or KPFM imaging. Additionally, temperature-dependent measurements of the polarization–relaxation behavior are planned. TEM image (a) and the corresponding energy-filtered TEM (EFTEM) image (b) showing the grain size and phase distribution inside 60CSO20-FC2O (red: Ce and thus

First-principles study of the structural, optoelectronic and thermophysical properties of the π-SnSe for thermoelectric applications

• Muhammad Atif Sattar,
• Najwa Al Bouzieh,
• Maamar Benkraouda and
• Noureddine Amrane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1101–1114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.82

• (γ) at different temperature values for the π-SnSe alloy. Temperature-dependent (a) Seebeck coefficient (S); (b) electrical conductivity (σ/τ); (c) electronic (κe), lattice (κl), and total (κtot) thermal conductivity values and (d) power factor (PF) of the π-SnSe alloy. Figure of merit of the cubic π

Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles

• Maximilian Joschko,
• Franck Yvan Fotue Wafo,
• Christina Malsi,
• Danilo Kisić,
• Ivana Validžić and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1021–1033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.76

• at 150 °C was revealed. In this way, we could gain a more in-depth insight into the kinetics of particle formation, while earlier studies by Abulikemu et al. and Li et al. were focusing on the temperature-dependent evolution of Sb2S3 particles. The suggested mechanism assumes that seeds (type 0

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• capping agents such as polymers or surfactants, highlighting the role of DES as a stabilizer and structure-directing agent. The work also illustrated temperature-dependent morphological differences between the nanostructures. Spherical sized small gold particles of nearly 100 nm were synthesized at 70 °C

The preparation temperature influences the physicochemical nature and activity of nanoceria

• Robert A. Yokel,
• Wendel Wohlleben,
• Johannes Georg Keller,
• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Jason M. Unrine,
• D. Allan Butterfield and
• Eric A. Grulke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 525–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.43

• dissolved nanoceria supports this assumption. The high fraction of Ce4+ in the calcined solvothermally synthesized nanoceria is comparable to that of NM-212 and expected after calcination [18]. The increased primary particle size is consistent with reports that found a temperature-dependent increase of

The influence of an interfacial hBN layer on the fluorescence of an organic molecule

• Christine Brülke,
• Oliver Bauer and
• Moritz M. Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1663–1684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.149

• 2.2.2, we focus on temperature-dependent effects (cf. Figure 3b). 2.2.1 The final state – 300 K spectra: Figure 3a shows Raman modes of PTCDA/hBN/Cu(111) after deposition at 20 K and subsequent annealing at 300 K (blue), and of PTCDA/Cu(111) after deposition at 300 K (red). The positions of the Raman

• ), respectively; the other modes remain unchanged (±0.4%, cf. Table 1). This reflects the situation of PTCDA/Ag(111) [42] where the only significant temperature-dependent shift (by 10 cm−1) was also observed for the RB mode. In that study, the shift of the RB mode was originally attributed to be of chemical

• temperature that is required for FLB to be observed at all. This behavior was found for layers within a range of sub-monolayer coverages (between 0.10 and 0.80 ML). For further insight, we refer to a temperature-dependent series of spectra at a higher coverage of 1.55 ML PTCDA on hBN/Cu(111), shown in Figure

Thermophoretic tweezers for single nanoparticle manipulation

• Jošt Stergar and
• Natan Osterman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1126–1133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.97

• well as the temperature-dependent water viscosity and Soret coefficient, were not taken into account. The influence of surface proximity on the diffusion constant was neglected. For a thorough analysis of feedback-based traps in general, see [34]. The simulated equation of bead motion was where R(t) is

•  1b,c). Temperature measurements are performed using the temperature-dependent fluorescence of sulforhodamine B (Radiant dyes Chemie), which is calibrated in an independent measurement (accuracy ±2 K). Since the sapphire glass with a high thermal conductivity helps cooling the thin sample film, the

A Josephson junction based on a highly disordered superconductor/low-resistivity normal metal bilayer

• Pavel M. Marychev and
• Denis Yu. Vodolazov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 858–865, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.71

• the current–phase relation comes close to a sinusoidal shape. At T = 0.3Tc0 the amplitude of the first harmonic, sin ϕ, is 0.98Ic and the amplitude of the second harmonic, sin 2ϕ, is −0.19Ic). This is typical for S’-S-S’ junctions [21] and is related to the increase of the temperature-dependent

Light–matter interactions in two-dimensional layered WSe₂ for gauging evolution of phonon dynamics

• Avra S. Bandyopadhyay,
• Chandan Biswas and
• Anupama B. Kaul

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 782–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.63

• of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas, El Paso, TX 79968, United States 10.3762/bjnano.11.63 Abstract Phonon dynamics is explored in mechanically exfoliated two-dimensional WSe2 using temperature-dependent and laser-power-dependent Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy

• dependence of the Raman shifts in 2D TMDCs such as MoS2 [20][21][22][23][24], and WS2 [25][26] have been extensively studied over a wide temperature range from which properties such as thermal conductivity was deciphered [23][27]. On the contrary, the temperature-dependent Raman analysis of WSe2 is rather

• limited with only one prior report discussing the thermal coefficients of various Raman modes in WSe2 where a comparative analysis of temperature-dependent Raman modes in WSe2 and MoSe2 was presented [28]. Moreover, the study related to the phonon lifetime in WSe2 is also limited, among which one prior

Hexagonal boron nitride: a review of the emerging material platform for single-photon sources and the spin–photon interface

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Faraz A. Inam,
• Shin-ichiro Sato and
• Alberto Boretti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 740–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.61

• and clarified their temperature dependence of the ZPL peak shift, line width, and PL intensity ranging from 4 to 300 K. The temperature-dependent line width, spectral energy shift, and intensity differing ZPLs are described by a lattice vibration model that considers piezoelectric coupling to in-plane

Nonequilibrium Kondo effect in a graphene-coupled quantum dot in the presence of a magnetic field

• Levente Máthé and
• Ioan Grosu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 225–239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.17

• an approximation based on self-consistent calculations [47]. Besides the strongly temperature-dependent sharp Kondo peaks, the DOS consists of a broadened peak with large amplitude, the peak of which is located at where ReΣ3(ω) = ReΣ3↑(ω) = ReΣ3↓(ω). This broadened peak corresponds to a resonant

• -bias peak in the differential conductance corresponds to a resonant transmission through the QD and is strongly temperature-dependent. At low temperature, its shape is narrow and sharp, but with increasing temperature the amplitude decreases, and the peak becomes broadened. We also observe that the

• are shown in Figure 9. At low temperature, similar to the case of U → ∞ (see Figure 2 and Figure 3), the Kondo resonances appear at the chemical potentials, and their amplitudes decrease with increasing temperature and disappear at high temperature. Besides the temperature-dependent narrow and sharp

The effect of heat treatment on the morphology and mobility of Au nanoparticles

• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Simon Vigonski,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Vahur Zadin,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 61–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.6

• interstitial diffusion [27]. The process is highly temperature-dependent, and diffusion at 800 °C is four orders of magnitude faster than at 400 °C (see Table 7 in Fisher [28]). Another reason may be the temperature-sensitive growth of the SiO2 layer [29], which escalates rapidly above 600 °C, as can be seen

• of the SiO2 layer. Both processes are highly temperature-dependent, exhibiting drastic enhancement above 700 °C. Overall, we demonstrated that heat treatment, which is widely used for surfactant removal prior to nanomanipulation experiments, can have an extensive effect on the mobility of Au NPs

Influence of the epitaxial composition on N-face GaN KOH etch kinetics determined by ICP-OES

• Markus Tautz,
• Maren T. Kuchenbrod,
• Joachim Hertkorn,
• Robert Weinberger,
• Martin Welzel,
• Arno Pfitzner and
• David Díaz Díaz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 41–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.4

• and crystal facets was reached. Applying temperature dependent crossing of 2D–3D transitions, the second 2D–3D transition of E became selectively exposed by first etching in 30 wt % KOH at 70 °C for 3 min. This led to penetration of the first 2D–3D interface. Subsequently, etching at RT for 5 h

Preservation of rutin nanosuspensions without the use of preservatives

• Pascal L. Stahr and
• Cornelia M. Keck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1902–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.185

• upon the production with high-pressure homogenization, which is a well-described technique to reduce the number of bacteria in liquids [26]. The growth of microorganisms during storage was temperature-dependent and was also found to be slightly influenced by the type of stabilizer, i.e., a slightly

Long-term entrapment and temperature-controlled-release of SF₆ gas in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)

• Hana Bunzen,
• Andreas Kalytta-Mewes,
• Leo van Wüllen and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1851–1859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.180

• the fact that all calculated values formally correspond to a temperature of zero Kelvin. In the future, metadynamic MD simulation studies might be performed, which should take into account both the effects of different gas loading conditions as well as temperature-dependent lattice vibrations and

Energy distribution in an ensemble of nanoparticles and its consequences

• Dieter Vollath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1452–1457, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.143

• expression di = 1.63 × 10−9 + 6.17 × 10−10 Ti was derived from Figure 5. For the temperature dependent heat capacity, data published by Horowitz et al. [10] for bulk lead were applied. In contrast to the previous example, in this case not the probability density function (Equation 3) but its integral (the

On the relaxation time of interacting superparamagnetic nanoparticles and implications for magnetic fluid hyperthermia

• Andrei Kuncser,
• Nicusor Iacob and
• Victor E. Kuncser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1280–1289, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.127

• noninteracting particles, but in a such a way that the relaxation time will remain larger in the first case. On the contrary, Mørup et al. [31] have reported, starting from temperature-dependent Mössbauer spectroscopy data obtained on maghemite based ferrofluids, a decrease of the relaxation time with increasing

• assemblies of a large number of MNPs) for different volume fractions are shown in Figure 5. It is worth noting that the equality between the anisotropy energy barrier per nanoparticle obtained in the case of static and dynamic (temperature dependent) simulations is not straightforward due to the fact that in

Electroluminescence and current–voltage measurements of single-(In,Ga)N/GaN-nanowire light-emitting diodes in a nanowire ensemble

• David van Treeck,
• Johannes Ledig,
• Gregor Scholz,
• Jonas Lähnemann,
• Mattia Musolino,
• Abbes Tahraoui,
• Oliver Brandt,
• Andreas Waag,
• Henning Riechert and
• Lutz Geelhaar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1177–1187, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.117

• polarization fields cause a spatial separation of electrons and holes in the QWs which in turn leads to a reduced radiative recombination rate and hence a reduced relative EQE for small injection currents. Due to the lack of temperature-dependent measurements, it was not possible to draw any hard conclusions

Concurrent nanoscale surface etching and SnO₂ loading of carbon fibers for vanadium ion redox enhancement

• Jun Maruyama,
• Shohei Maruyama,
• Tomoko Fukuhara,
• Toru Nagaoka and
• Kei Hanafusa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 985–992, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.99

• drastic change in the surface structure was attributed to a temperature-dependent catalytic effect of the tin-oxide nanoparticles on the carbon surface oxidation leading to fine etching. A significant enhancement of the activity for the V2+/3+ redox reactions was also observed at TGP-CSnPc-550Air. The

On the transformation of “zincone”-like into porous ZnO thin films from sub-saturated plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition

• Alberto Perrotta,
• Julian Pilz,
• Stefan Pachmajer,
• Antonella Milella and
• Anna Maria Coclite

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 746–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.74

• A, B, and C are fit parameters. An Urbach tail was used to account for absorption at lower wavelength. For the in situ temperature-dependent studies, the system was equipped with a THMS600 temperature stage (Linkam, UK), equipped with a sealing capping chamber. The temperature was varied from room

• with a copper tube (λ = 1.5418 Å). The beam was further parallelized with a layered X-ray mirror and a PIXcel3D-detector that was operated in 1D-mode. A 1/8° divergence, a 10 mm mask, and a P7.5 anti-scatter slit were used in the setup. In situ temperature-dependent XRD studies were performed with a

Enhancement in thermoelectric properties due to Ag nanoparticles incorporated in Bi₂Te₃ matrix

• Srashti Gupta,
• Dinesh Chandra Agarwal,
• Bathula Sivaiah,
• Sankarakumar Amrithpandian,
• Kandasami Asokan,
• Ajay Dhar,
• Binaya Kumar Panigrahi,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi and
• Vinay Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 634–643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.63

• for analysis of HRTEM images of samples. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM EDS) was performed using a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) [MIRA\\, TESCAN]. Temperature-dependent thermoelectric measurements were carried out for all samples with size

• systematic investigation of temperature-dependent thermoelectric properties. Transmission electron microscopy revealed circular, hexagonal, tube-like structures for samples annealed at 573 K, whereas only hexagonal structures were visible for samples annealed at 773 K. The size distribution is also affected

• 773 K. Electrical conductivity (σ) of (a) Bi2Te3 with (0, 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) Ag annealed at 573 K as a function of the temperature; (b) comparison of samples (0, 5, 20%) Ag annealed at 573 K with (5, 20%) Ag annealed at 773 K. Temperature dependent thermo power measurement (S) of (a) Bi2Te3 with (0

Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy and sensor applications of PtSe₂ nanosheets synthesized by wet chemistry

• Mahendra S. Pawar and
• Dattatray J. Late

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 467–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.46

• method used to grow PtSe2 nanosheets followed by thermal annealing. The SEM and TEM analysis confirms the formation of PtSe2 nanosheets. Furthermore, XRD, Raman, XPS and SAED patterns were used to analyze the crystal structure and to confirm the formation of the PtSe2 phase. The temperature-dependent

• chemical method [25] at 90 °C using chloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6) and Se powder as precursors followed by thermal annealing at 500 °C. Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopic characterization was carried out on the materials. Materials and Methods All the chemicals such as chloroplatinic acid, Se powder

• corresponding height profile plot for the PtSe2 nanosheet with thickness found to be ≈47 nm. Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy of few-layer PtSe2 nanosheets The temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy investigations of few-layer PtSe2 nanosheets were carried out between 100–506 K. The Raman spectra of

Reduced graphene oxide supported C₃N₄ nanoflakes and quantum dots as metal-free catalysts for visible light assisted CO₂ reduction

• Md Rakibuddin and
• Haekyoung Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 448–458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.44

• TEM results suggest that the formation of QDs from g-C3N4 is temperature dependent. To further verify this, TEM images of the samples were taken at two different heating temperatures (150 and 170 °C) within the range 130 to 190 °C. The results confirm that the limiting temperature at which the

Sub-wavelength waveguide properties of 1D and surface-functionalized SnO₂ nanostructures of various morphologies

• Venkataramana Bonu,
• Binaya Kumar Sahu,
• Arindam Das,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Sandip Dhara and
• Harish C. Barshilia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 379–388, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.37

• behavior was also demonstrated in tapered and surface-functionalized SnO2 NWs. While the tapered waveguide can allow for easy focusing of light, the simple surface chemistry offers selective light propagation by tuning the luminescence. Defect-related PL in NWs is studied using temperature-dependent

• -functionalized NBs are also demonstrated. The emission from these NWs, upon excitation with a 325 nm laser, are shown to originate from the defect emission. Temperature-dependent PL studies were carried out to probe the nature of defects in these NWs. A possible band diagram for the SnO2 NWs is proposed

• thermoelectric cooled CCD detector in back-scattering mode was utilized to probe the spectroscopic information. Temperature-dependent PL spectra (InVia, Reinshaw) were acquired using a He–Cd laser at 325 nm (3.81 eV) as an excitation source along with the Linkam, UK adiabatic stage for temperature-dependent