Unravelling the interfacial interaction in mesoporous SiO₂@nickel phyllosilicate/TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures for photocatalytic activity

• Bridget K. Mutuma,
• Xiluva Mathebula,
• Isaac Nongwe,
• Bonakele P. Mtolo,
• Boitumelo J. Matsoso,
• Rudolph Erasmus,
• Zikhona Tetana and
• Neil J. Coville

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1834–1846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.165

• /TiO2 composite for MV degradation was superior to that of other related materials reported in the literature (Table 2) [18][74][75][76][77][78][79][80]. In addition, it was possible to achieve higher photodegradation efficacies at a lower catalyst dosage and within shorter irradiation times. Conclusion

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

• very important for medical applications. These properties depend on the methods used, targeted organs/tissues, image resolution, administration way and dosage, and toxicity [116]. Fakhar-e-Alam and collaborators [117] observed that above a certain dose cancer cells develop a resistance to ligand

• ]. Therefore, the cytotoxic reaction of the target cells to SPIONs still requires further examination. Cationic ethylamine-SPIONs of ultrasmall dimensions showed improved relaxivity values (at smaller dosage) compared to some of the commercial iron oxides, good renal clearance and no toxicity to rats [157

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

Synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic performance of 0D/2D CuO/tourmaline composite photocatalysts

• Changqiang Yu,
• Min Wen,
• Zhen Tong,
• Shuhua Li,
• Yanhong Yin,
• Xianbin Liu,
• Yesheng Li,
• Tongxiang Liang,
• Ziping Wu and
• Dionysios D. Dionysiou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 407–416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.31

• product was named CuO/tourmaline-1:1 (1:1 in mass ratio of the CuO/tourmaline). By controlling the dosage of Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O and NaOH in proportion the CuO/tourmaline composites in different mass ratios of the CuO/tourmaline were acquired. Characterization X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were obtained

Phase inversion-based nanoemulsions of medium chain triglyceride as potential drug delivery system for parenteral applications

• Eike Folker Busmann,
• Dailén García Martínez,
• Henrike Lucas and
• Karsten Mäder

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 213–224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.16

• 0.02–0.23. Increasing the mass share of the surfactant Kolliphor HS 15 led to smaller particles and narrower PDI distributions. Influence of the nonionic surfactant Kolliphor HS 15 on the osmolality The osmolality is an important parameter of the toxicity of parenteral dosage forms. The ideal

Frontiers in pharmaceutical nanotechnology

• Matthias G. Wacker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2538–2540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.244

• science. They have fundamentally changed our understanding of the way dosage forms can facilitate drug therapy. Prof. Jörg Kreuter has been a pioneer in this research area and dedicated his life’s work to nanoparticle research and the blood–brain barrier [2]. One of his most outstanding discoveries, the

Air oxidation of sulfur mustard gas simulants using a pyrene-based metal–organic framework photocatalyst

• Ghada Ayoub,
• Mihails Arhangelskis,
• Xuan Zhang,
• Florencia Son,
• Timur Islamoglu,
• Tomislav Friščić and
• Omar K. Farha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2422–2427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.232

• ; photocatalysis; singlet oxygen; sulfur mustard gas; Introduction Sulfur mustard gas also known as mustard gas, HD, or Yperite belongs to a class of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) known as vesicants, which have detrimental effects on humans, including the blistering of skin upon contact [1]. Even at a low dosage

Atomic force acoustic microscopy reveals the influence of substrate stiffness and topography on cell behavior

• Yan Liu,
• Li Li,
• Xing Chen,
• Ying Wang,
• Meng-Nan Liu,
• Jin Yan,
• Liang Cao,
• Lu Wang and
• Zuo-Bin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2329–2337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.223

• mechanical strength [25][26]. The patterned stiffness of the SU-8 films was induced by electron beam lithography (EBL). The approach to control the stiffness and the topography of the substrate is shown in Figure 1. The rigidity of the film was tuned by varying the electron beam dosage, while the surface

Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects

• Sabrina Barbosa de Souza Ferreira,
• Gustavo Braga,
• Évelin Lemos Oliveira,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva,
• Hélen Cássia Rosseto,
• Lidiane Vizioli de Castro Hoshino,
• Mauro Luciano Baesso,
• Wilker Caetano,
• Craig Murdoch,
• Helen Elizabeth Colley and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2304–2328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.222

• due to some important characteristics. They can provide intimate contact between the dosage form and tissue, which could guarantee high drug flux through the absorbing tissue to subsequently increase drug permeation and bioavailability [14][15]. In addition, the incorporation of thermoresponsive

Synthesis and potent cytotoxic activity of a novel diosgenin derivative and its phytosomes against lung cancer cells

• Liang Xu,
• Dekang Xu,
• Ziying Li,
• Yu Gao and
• Haijun Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1933–1942, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.189

• easily. The cyano group in P2 might increase the binding capability of P2 to specific proteins to improve its anticancer potency. Figure 2A shows that Di and P2 could suppress the cell viability in a dosage-dependent manner in A549 and PC9 cells. All the results demonstrated that P2 had much stronger

Preservation of rutin nanosuspensions without the use of preservatives

• Pascal L. Stahr and
• Cornelia M. Keck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1902–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.185

• are precipitation, wet milling, high-pressure homogenization or combinations of these methods [1][2][3][4]. Regardless of the process used, all these methods will yield nanosuspensions, i.e., nanocrystals dispersed in a liquid. As liquid formulations are not always a convenient dosage form for the

• final drug product, in most cases nanosuspensions need to be formulated into other, more convenient, dosage forms. Depending on the route of administration this could be tablets, pellets, powders, gels or creams. However, prior to the formulation into final drug products, the aqueous nanosuspensions

• was detected. These findings so far are very promising and could enable a new concept to produce preservative-free nanosuspensions that can be stored over a longer period until further use or processing into final dosage forms. Preservative-free aqueous nanosuspensions would be a convenient

Lipid nanostructures for antioxidant delivery: a comparative preformulation study

• Elisabetta Esposito,
• Maddalena Sguizzato,
• Markus Drechsler,
• Paolo Mariani,
• Federica Carducci,
• Claudio Nastruzzi,
• Giuseppe Valacchi and
• Rita Cortesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1789–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.174

• effects when employed in high dosage [24][25]. Thus, TOC and RA need to be loaded in specialized formulations suitable for skin application and able to adequately protect them from degradation. In this respect, recently different lipid nanoparticles have been proposed, including solid lipid nanoparticles

• loaded in NLCs with respect to an unloaded TOC solution. Conclusion This work has underlined the importance of technological screening in the design of a nanoparticulate lipid dosage formulation. Notably, dimensional and morphological characterization of nanoparticles should be performed at different

A highly efficient porous rod-like Ce-doped ZnO photocatalyst for the degradation of dye contaminants in water

• Binjing Hu,
• Qiang Sun,
• Chengyi Zuo,
• Yunxin Pei,
• Siwei Yang,
• Hui Zheng and
• Fangming Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1157–1165, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.115

• influential factor. The optimum reaction conditions are as follows: RhB concentration of 10 mg/L, catalyst (ZnO) dosage of 0.7 g/L, pH 9, temperature of 50 °C. This result could serve as a beneficial reference for large-scale wastewater degradation. Recycling experiments To evaluate the stability and

• repeatability of CZO-4, recycling experiments were carried out at optimized conditions (concentration of RhB = 10 mg/L, catalyst dosage = 0.7 g/L, pH 9 and temperature = 50 °C). The photocatalysts were recycled after washing, centrifugation and vacuum drying at 75 °C for 1 h. The results given in Figure 2

Serum type and concentration both affect the protein-corona composition of PLGA nanoparticles

• Katrin Partikel,
• Robin Korte,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Hans-Ulrich Humpf and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1002–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.101

• these environmental factors in order to successfully introduce and firmly establish new nanoparticulate dosage forms onto the market, thus offering further options to prevent and treat many major illnesses. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the compositional evolution of the NP

• studies. Consequently, our study represents a fundamental step towards establishing detailed relations between the interaction of PLGA NPs and the environmental surrounding, thus offering advances for accelerating the translation of new nanoparticulate dosage forms into the clinical practice. Experimental

The systemic effect of PEG-nGO-induced oxidative stress in vivo in a rodent model

• Qura Tul Ain,
• Samina Hyder Haq,
• Abeer Alshammari,
• Moudhi Abdullah Al-Mutlaq and
• Muhammad Naeem Anjum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 901–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.91

• Zhang and co-workers [29]. Biocompatibility of nGO was achieved by coating with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Then, a single dose (5 mg/kg) of synthesized PEG-nGO was administered to groups of groups of six mice. The dosage was found to be optimum in previous studies [28][29]. The animals were dissected

Removal of toxic heavy metals from river water samples using a porous silica surface modified with a new β-ketoenolic host

• Said Tighadouini,
• Smaail Radi,
• Abderrahman Elidrissi,
• Khadija Haboubi,
• Maryse Bacquet,
• Stéphanie Degoutin,
• Mustapha Zaghrioui and
• Yann Garcia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 262–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.25

• too. The adsorption thermodynamic parameters (Table 3) were calculated with the van 't Hoff equation [67] which is recalled below: where C0 (mg/L) is the initial concentration of metal solution, Ce (mg/L) is the equilibrium concentration, V (mL) is the volume of solution and m (g) is the dosage of

Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-conjugated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-modified γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles towards human tumor cells

• Zdeněk Plichta,
• Yulia Kozak,
• Rostyslav Panchuk,
• Viktoria Sokolova,
• Matthias Epple,
• Lesya Kobylinska,
• Pavla Jendelová and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2533–2545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.236

• side effects are considered to be the main drawback of conventional anticancer drugs. The drug dosage is significantly limited and thus complete elimination of tumor cells in cancer patients is not guaranteed. Among antitumor drugs, special attention has been paid to the anthracycline antibiotic

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

• practicability of these materials for therapeutics. Given the results presented herein, we believe that the CaP@5-FU NP platform, providing increased efficacy in low dosage, will be an efficient means to replace some conventional chemotherapeutic strategies in the near future and to significantly reduce the

High-throughput synthesis of modified Fresnel zone plate arrays via ion beam lithography

• Kahraman Keskinbora,
• Umut Tunca Sanli,
• Margarita Baluktsian,
• Corinne Grévent,
• Markus Weigand and
• Gisela Schütz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2049–2056, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.194

• sputtering processes. The idea here is, if the desired depth of an open zone can be reached before destroying the adjacent zones, it becomes possible to write very dense structures, very quickly. To achieve this goal, the ion beam dosage, which is now determined by the 1D beam overlap (i.e., the step size in

• )3CH3C5H4Pt, as the metal-organic precursor gas. Structure of the FZP The patterning and ion beam parameters tabulated in Table 1 resulted in a linear dosage of 0.8 pC/µm, and the successful fabrication of the FZP with 50 µm diameter, 110 nm nominal thickness and 30 nm Δr in just 8 min and 23 s. The dosage is

• ion beam with a nominal beam size of 16 nm was utilized. By using a step size of 8 nm and a dwell time of 0.2133 the linear dosage was 0.8 pC/µm. The array was fabricated by replicating the pattern in a matrix form with 55 µm steps in the x- and y-directions. Dark-field scanning transmission electron

Synthesis of a MnO₂/Fe₃O₄/diatomite nanocomposite as an efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for methylene blue degradation

• Zishun Li,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Kun Liu,
• Jing Huang,
• Yueyang Xu,
• Qian Peng and
• Minlin Ao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1940–1950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.185

• samples were taken with a syringe with filter membrane (0.45 μm) at predetermined times and analyzed by a UV-2600 spectrophotometer at the absorption wavelength of 664 nm. The effects of reaction temperature, pH value and PMS dosage on the catalytic reaction were also researched under same experimental

• . MB removal of different catalytic systems (a) without and (b) with (b) PMS. (Reaction conditions: catalyst dosage = 0.10 g/L, PMS dosage = 0.30 g/L, initial MB concentration = 10 mg/L, T = 25 °C, initial pH 6). MB removal using MnO2/Fe3O4/diatomite at (a) different pH values, (b) different

• temperatures and (c) different PMS concentrations; (d) the TOC as a function of reaction time (reaction conditions: catalyst dosage = 0.10 g/L, MB concentration = 10 mg/L; default conditions: PMS dosage = 0.30 g/L, T = 25 °C, initial pH 6). Recyclability of the MnO2/Fe3O4/diatomite catalyst for the degradation

A visible-light-controlled platform for prolonged drug release based on Ag-doped TiO₂ nanotubes with a hydrophobic layer

• Caihong Liang,
• Jiang Wen and
• Xiaoming Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1793–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.170

• solved and the effects of prolonging and slowing the release still need to be improved. Also, the drug dosage should be able to be directed to a specific location at a specific time. In particular, some points of high practical application related to drug delivery mechanisms are external factors, such as

Cr(VI) remediation from aqueous environment through modified-TiO₂-mediated photocatalytic reduction

• Rashmi Acharya,
• Brundabana Naik and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1448–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.137

• activity towards reduction of Cr(VI). However, the photoactivity was reduced with increasing NiO dosage because excess NiO acted as the recombination centers for photogenerated charge carriers. Therefore, a photocatalyst containing 0.1% NiO and calcined at 500 °C exhibited maximum Cr(VI) reduction. In

• visible light for reduction of Cr(VI) was exhibited by 2.0% Bi2O3/TiO2. A further increase in Bi2O3 dosage may create new recombination centers of photoinduced charge carriers, which in turn decreased the photocatalytic activity [178]. Photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) by TiO2 modified with spinel metal

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• extensive studies reported that Ag NPs demonstrated a size, morphology, and dosage-dependent higher cytotoxicity to humans and animals cells than asbestos [91][116][117][118][119][120]. The hazardous effects of other NPs present in consumer products are unknown and are still under research. Naturally

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

• to further enhance and stabilise the metal catalyst [32]. Owing to its ease of metal loading control as well as high utilisation of the active component with less metal precursor dosage, the impregnation method is profoundly known as one of the well established procedures for SCR catalyst preparation

Sugarcane juice derived carbon dot–graphitic carbon nitride composites for bisphenol A degradation under sunlight irradiation

• Lan Ching Sim,
• Jing Lin Wong,
• Chen Hong Hak,
• Jun Yan Tai,
• Kah Hon Leong and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 353–363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.35

• be suppressed if the concentration of CDs is too high. However, the photocatalytic performance did not correlate well with the PL analysis. The remarkable performance of CD/g-C3N4(0.5) proved that the intense photosensitizing effect of CDs at higher dosage could overcome the poorer separation