Piezotronic effect in AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterojunction nanowires used as a flexible strain sensor

• Jianqi Dong,
• Liang Chen,
• Yuqing Yang and
• Xingfu Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1847–1853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.166

• , AlGaN/AlN/GaN NWs with high electron mobility, carrier density, and mechanical flexibility have become good candidates for highly sensitive and flexible strain sensors. In this work, we use a top-down two-step process, including inductively coupled plasma (ICP) dry etching and selective electrochemical

• describes the fabrication of a highly sensitive and a highly stable strain sensor based on a new AlGaN/AlN/GaN NW structure, which has a great potential to be applied in wearable integrated circuits, health-monitoring devices, artificial intelligence, among other fields. Results and Discussion The epitaxial

• testing also fully demonstrated the repeatability and stability of the strain sensor. The working principle model of the strain sensor was illustrated by the polarized charge distribution under compressive or under tensile strain. This work describes a highly sensitive and a highly stable strain sensor

Mapping of integrated PIN diodes with a 3D architecture by scanning microwave impedance microscopy and dynamic spectroscopy

• Rosine Coq Germanicus,
• Peter De Wolf,
• Florent Lallemand,
• Catherine Bunel,
• Serge Bardy,
• Hugues Murray and
• Ulrike Lüders

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1764–1775, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.159

• -frequency (approx. 100 kHz) AC voltage (VAC) is applied to the tip–sample system in order to generate the movement of free carriers [18]. At a fixed DC bias, the capacitance variation is measured with a highly sensitive capacitance sensor with a sensitivity of approx. 10−19 F·Hz−1/2. In addition, the

One-step synthesis of carbon-supported electrocatalysts

• Sebastian Tigges,
• Nicolas Wöhrl,
• Ivan Radev,
• Ulrich Hagemann,
• Markus Heidelmann,
• Thai Binh Nguyen,
• Stanislav Gorelkov,
• Stephan Schulz and
• Axel Lorke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.126

• measurement errors. Due to these limitations, the absolute platinum loading (in µg/cm²) used for the ECSA calculation was determined by measuring the absolute mass of a catalyst layer with a highly sensitive mass comparator (Sartorius C50) and multiplying it with the relative platinum loading (in weight

Ultrasensitive detection of cadmium ions using a microcantilever-based piezoresistive sensor for groundwater

• Dinesh Rotake,
• Anand Darji and
• Nitin Kale

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1242–1253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.108

• authors have used colorimetric or fluorescence techniques for selective HMI detection but they are highly sensitive to variation of pH values [67]. In a colorimetric sensor, the concentration variation is shown by different shades of color and it is challenging to exactly identify the shades for the

Highly sensitive detection of estradiol by a SERS sensor based on TiO₂ covered with gold nanoparticles

• Andrea Brognara,
• Ili F. Mohamad Ali Nasri,
• Beatrice R. Bricchi,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay,
• Matteo Ghidelli and
• Nathalie Lidgi-Guigui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1026–1035, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.87

Band tail state related photoluminescence and photoresponse of ZnMgO solid solution nanostructured films

• Vadim Morari,
• Aida Pantazi,
• Nicolai Curmei,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Emil V. Rusu,
• Marius Enachescu,
• Ion M. Tiginyanu and
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 899–910, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.75

• –0.78 for Zn1−xMgxO thin films grown by reactive DC magnetron co-sputtering [12]. It was shown that this investigation technique is highly sensitive for the detection of embedded structural inhomogeneities, and it was found that the phase segregation occurs in the range of x = 0.35–0.65 with coexistence

Templating effect of single-layer graphene supported by an insulating substrate on the molecular orientation of lead phthalocyanine

• K. Priya Madhuri,
• Abhay A. Sagade,
• Pralay K. Santra and
• Neena S. John

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 814–820, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.66

• molecules such as FePc, CoPc, CuPc and ZnPc, which form layers in a face-on configuration [16][17][18][19]. A combination of brilliant synchrotron radiation and a highly sensitive 2D X-ray detector are employed to establish the structure and orientation of organic molecules such as MPcs, pentacene and P3HT

Effect of substitutional defects on resonant tunneling diodes based on armchair graphene and boron nitride nanoribbons lateral heterojunctions

• Majid Sanaeepur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 688–694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.56

• itself is highly sensitive to the type and position of substitutional defects, the intentional introduction of such defects can be utilized to design nanoscale RTDs with desired NDR characteristic and RTD-based strain or pressure sensors with improved sensitivity. (a) Schematic representation of the

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

• Debasis Ghosh,
• Lakshmi P. Datta and
• Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

• excellent transport properties of individual BNAn–dTn nanoarchitectures (nanosheets), which also provided highly sensitive detection of mercury. The displacement of BNA in BNAn–dTn by Hg(II) resulted in a change of morphology of the nanoarchitectures from nanosheets to 1D tapes. This unique strategy

Evaluation of click chemistry microarrays for immunosensing of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

• Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Dadfar,
• Sylwia Sekula-Neuner,
• Vanessa Trouillet,
• Hui-Yu Liu,
• Ravi Kumar,
• Annie K. Powell and
• Michael Hirtz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2505–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.241

• chemistry in the building of highly sensitive protein detection sensors needed, for example, in cancer biomarker detection. Experimental Chemicals Table 1 lists the most important materials used in this study. All other materials were of analytical grade and were used as-received without extra purification

Label-free highly sensitive probe detection with novel hierarchical SERS substrates fabricated by nanoindentation and chemical reaction methods

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Yongda Yan,
• Li Wang,
• Peng Miao,
• Yimin Han,
• Xinming Zhang,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Yanquan Geng,
• Zhankun Weng,
• Daniel Laipple and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2483–2496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.239

• highly sensitive way. The characteristic Raman peaks of malachite green molecules were identified at 1172, 1219, 1364, 1394, 1586, and 1614 cm−1 on the different hierarchical substrates, as shown in Figure 11. The incident optical power was 0.148 mW (1%) in the experiment. In this section, the structure

• . The feasibility of the hierarchical SERS substrate is verified using R6G molecules. Finally, the enhancement factor using malachite green molecules was found to reach 5.089 × 109, which demonstrates that the production method is a simple, reproducible and low-cost method for machining a highly

• sensitive, hierarchical SERS substrate. Keywords: Ag nanoparticles; hierarchical substrates; malachite green molecules; nanoindentation; nanostructures; R6G; SERS; Introduction Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has triggered significant research interest due to its suitability as an analytical tool

Mobility of charge carriers in self-assembled monolayers

• Zhihua Fu,
• Tatjana Ladnorg,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Alexander Welle,
• Asif Bashir,
• Michael Rohwerder,
• Qiang Zhang,
• Björn Schüpbach,
• Andreas Terfort and
• Christof Wöll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2449–2458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.235

• determination of apparent heights of islands from STM data is somewhat indirect, the conductivities of the patterned areas were determined directly by means of highly sensitive current measurements, where the conductive tip of the AFM is used as a top electrode. This setup allows determining the topography and

Adsorption and desorption of self-assembled L-cysteine monolayers on nanoporous gold monitored by in situ resistometry

• Elisabeth Hengge,
• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Rupert Bachler,
• Alexander Dennig,
• Bernd Nidetzky and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2275–2279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.219

• -/desorption of SAMs on nanoporous gold (npAu), based on our experience on in situ resistometry as a highly sensitive diagnosis tool for ad-/desorption processes [9]. The selected SAM material for this study is cysteine, due to its beneficial properties such as the short carbon backbone, the solubility in

• be suitable for sensitively detecting even small amounts of SAMs on npAu. In conclusion, in situ resistometry proved to be a highly sensitive tool for dynamically monitoring the formation process of self-assembled monolayers, exemplarily using cysteine. The assembly takes place with a total

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• that the delicate modulation of nanoarchitectures can improve chemical sensor capabilities. As an example of nanoarchitectonics effects between multiple components in sensing materials, Chen, Shi, and co-workers demonstrated highly sensitive resistance-based NOx gas sensors incorporating a dispersed

• -loaded CeO2–ZrO2–ZnO catalyst has a small heat capacity and dramatically increases the temperature of the Pt coil, resulting in a highly sensitive sensor signal. On the other hand, the n-type Sm2CuO4-loaded CeO2–ZrO2–ZnO catalyst is advantageous when rapid response and low temperature operation are

• -driven actuation material for a triboelectric nanogenerator device to realize a highly sensitive humidity sensor [99] (Figure 5). The reaction of the sensing materials to humidity results in electrical changes for sensing. The perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer membrane has perpendicularly extended

Magnetic properties of biofunctionalized iron oxide nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

• Natalia E. Gervits,
• Andrey A. Gippius,
• Alexey V. Tkachev,
• Evgeniy I. Demikhov,
• Sergey S. Starchikov,
• Igor S. Lyubutin,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Vladimir P. Chekhonin,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Alevtina S. Semkina and
• Alexander G. Mazhuga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1964–1972, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.193

• , respectively. However, small single-domain MNPs with a diameter of less than 10 nm are highly sensitive to thermal energy. Even room temperature is sufficient to destabilize the magnetic moment of the entire nanoparticle and transfer it to a paramagnetic state. The 57Fe Mössbauer spectra of iron oxide

• identified in the Mössbauer spectrum of magnetite. Mössbauer spectroscopy is a highly sensitive method with respect to the valence of iron ions in these bulk oxides, since the hyperfine parameters corresponding to Fe3+ and Fe2+ ions are well distinguishable in the spectra. For the processing of the low

Selective gas detection using Mn₃O₄/WO₃ composites as a sensing layer

• Yongjiao Sun,
• Zhichao Yu,
• Wenda Wang,
• Pengwei Li,
• Gang Li,
• Wendong Zhang,
• Lin Chen,
• Serge Zhuivkov and
• Jie Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1423–1433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.140

• % Mn3O4/WO3 composite gas sensor showed the best sensing performance with the highest response and selectivity. Our results indicate that highly sensitive and selective Mn3O4/WO3 composites can be an effective material for the recognition and detection of noxious gases. Results and Discussion Structural

A silver-nanoparticle/cellulose-nanofiber composite as a highly effective substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Yongxin Lu,
• Yan Luo,
• Zehao Lin and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1270–1279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.126

• . This low-cost, highly sensitive, and biocompatible paper-based SERS substrate holds considerable potentials for the detection and analyses of chemical and biomolecular species. Keywords: cellulose nanofiber; composites; nanoarchitectonics; silver nanoparticle; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Direct growth of few-layer graphene on AlN-based resonators for high-sensitivity gravimetric biosensors

• Jimena Olivares,
• Teona Mirea,
• Lorena Gordillo-Dagallier,
• Bruno Marco,
• José Miguel Escolano,
• Marta Clement and
• Enrique Iborra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 975–984, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.98

• scientific community due to their extraordinary prospects for novel applications, such as highly sensitive biosensors that may offer continuous label-free measurement of key bio-active cell molecules [10]. Few-layer graphene grown on top of gravimetric transducers offers, a priori, one of the most versatile

Experimental study of an evanescent-field biosensor based on 1D photonic bandgap structures

• Jad Sabek,
• Francisco Javier Díaz-Fernández,
• Luis Torrijos-Morán,
• Zeneida Díaz-Betancor,
• Ángel Maquieira,
• María-José Bañuls,
• Elena Pinilla-Cienfuegos and
• Jaime García-Rupérez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 967–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.97

• development of integrated lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices for the highly sensitive and label-free detection of target analytes is one of the fields arousing high interest over the recent years [1][2]. These devices aim at overcoming some of the drawbacks of the methodologies commonly used today, such as ELISA

In situ AFM visualization of Li–O₂ battery discharge products during redox cycling in an atmospherically controlled sample cell

• Kumar Virwani,
• Younes Ansari,
• Khanh Nguyen,
• Francisco José Alía Moreno-Ortiz,
• Jangwoo Kim,
• Maxwell J. Giammona,
• Ho-Cheol Kim and
• Young-Hye La

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 930–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.94

• /bjnano.10.94 Abstract The in situ observation of electrochemical reactions is challenging due to a constantly changing electrode surface under highly sensitive conditions. This study reports the development of an in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique for electrochemical systems, including the

Fabrication of silver nanoisland films by pulsed laser deposition for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Bogusław Budner,
• Mariusz Kuźma,
• Barbara Nasiłowska,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Malwina Liszewska and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 882–893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.89

• is the use of SERS as a method for highly sensitive detection of hazardous materials such as chemical and biological agents or explosive materials [4][5]. However, despite many studies SERS remains mainly a laboratory technique. To bring it closer to real-life applications there is a need to develop

Biomimetic synthesis of Ag-coated glasswing butterfly arrays as ultra-sensitive SERS substrates for efficient trace detection of pesticides

• Guochao Shi,
• Mingli Wang,
• Yanying Zhu,
• Yuhong Wang,
• Xiaoya Yan,
• Xin Sun,
• Haijun Xu and
• Wanli Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 578–588, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.59

• concentration of 10−11 M, which further revealed that the Ag-G.b.-20 substrate was highly sensitive with a LOD of 10−11 M for CV, which is promising for the application in chemical sensing and food security. Linear relationships between the integrated Raman intensities of two characteristic peaks (1172 cm−1 and

Wearable, stable, highly sensitive hydrogel–graphene strain sensors

• Jian Lv,
• Chuncai Kong,
• Chao Yang,
• Lu Yin,
• Itthipon Jeerapan,
• Fangzhao Pu,
• Xiaojing Zhang,
• Sen Yang and
• Zhimao Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 475–480, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.47

• 21500, P. R. China Research institute of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311215, P. R. China 10.3762/bjnano.10.47 Abstract A stable and highly sensitive graphene/hydrogel strain sensor is designed by introducing glycerol as a co-solvent in the formation of a hydrogel substrate and then

• sensor to be used in a real working scenario. Conclusion We have demonstrated a wearable, stable, and highly sensitive strain sensor, based on a binary solvent, graphene/WG-hydrogel composite material, synthesized using a two-step process. The long-term water-retention properties of the graphene/WG

A comparison of tarsal morphology and traction force in the two burying beetles Nicrophorus nepalensis and Nicrophorus vespilloides (Coleoptera, Silphidae)

• Liesa Schnee,
• Benjamin Sampalla,
• Josef K. Müller and
• Oliver Betz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 47–61, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.5

• (CSM Instruments, Peseux, Switzerland) equipped with a dual-beam cantilever STH-001 as previously described [19]. This cantilever features a highly sensitive dual-beam spring able to measure forces in the x-direction (Ft, stiffness = 4.8139 mN/µm) and z-direction (Fn, stiffness = 0.5122 mN/µm) with a

A new bioinspired method for pressure and flow sensing based on the underwater air-retaining surface of the backswimmer Notonecta

• Matthias Mail,
• Adrian Klein,
• Horst Bleckmann,
• Anke Schmitz,
• Torsten Scherer,
• Peter T. Rühr,
• Goran Lovric,
• Robin Fröhlingsdorf,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Wilhelm Barthlott

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3039–3047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.282

• , we provide a biomimetic proof of principle to validate our hypothesis. The suggested sensory principle has never been documented before and is not only of interest for sensory biologists but can also be used for the development of highly sensitive underwater acoustic or seismographic sensory systems