Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles

• Maximilian Joschko,
• Franck Yvan Fotue Wafo,
• Christina Malsi,
• Danilo Kisić,
• Ivana Validžić and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1021–1033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.76

• centrifugation and redispersion and by washing with HAS, a 2:3 volumetric mixture of chlorobenzene and 1,2-dichlorobenzene to remove excess sulfur [22]. The experiments were repeated at least three times to ensure reproducibility. Morphology and structure At first, the as-synthesized products obtained after

Modification of a SERS-active Ag surface to promote adsorption of charged analytes: effect of Cu²⁺ ions

• Bahdan V. Ranishenka,
• Andrei Yu. Panarin,
• Irina A. Chelnokova,
• Sergei N. Terekhov,
• Peter Mojzes and
• Vadim V. Shmanai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 902–912, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.67

• same conditions, the CuTSPP4 SERS spectrum was absent (Figure 7, number 5). We suggest that Cu2+ ions are weakly adsorbed at the Ag surface and were mostly removed during the washing stage. Copper complexation with PEI and positive charging of the glass surface is expected in this case. This could also

• polymers resulted in a significant increase of the CuTMpyP4 SERS signal, that is, threefold for PEI and fourfold for PHMG. A weak CuTSPP4 spectrum was only observable in the case of PHMG. We suppose that the results are caused by a partial desorption of polymer molecules from the surface by washing. The

• inversion. This is a key factor for the oligonucleotide detection with Cu2+-modified SERS substrates. The spectrum detection after Cu2+ treatment, followed by washing (which was not working for CuTSPP4), supports that and can be explained by a low Cu2+ ion concentration created by a residual PEI–copper

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

• Ido Azuri,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Neta Regev-Rudzki,
• Georg Fantner and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66

Silver nanoparticles nucleated in NaOH-treated halloysite: a potential antimicrobial material

• Yuri B. Matos,
• Rodrigo S. Romanus,
• Mattheus Torquato,
• Edgar H. de Souza,
• Rodrigo L. Villanova,
• Marlene Soares and
• Emilson R. Viana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 798–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.63

• chemically compatible with LDPE, a non-polar polymer matrix. This coating was performed suspending the to-be-coated sample in 10 mL of ethanol/dodecanethiol mixture (200:1, v/v) for 24 h, followed by filtering, washing with ethanol, and drying at 60 °C for 2 h. The coated sample was labelled Ag/HNT-8/DIO

Silver nanoparticles induce the cardiomyogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells via telomere length extension

• Khosro Adibkia,
• Ali Ehsani,
• Asma Jodaei,
• Ezzatollah Fathi,
• Raheleh Farahzadi and
• Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 786–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.62

• ]. Briefly, five rats were euthanized using ketamine/xylazine (87/13 mg/kg). After surgery and removal of femur and tibia, BM contents were flushed using washing buffer. Next, the BM contents was layered over Ficoll-Paque (Innotrain, Germany) and mononuclear cells were re-suspended in DMEM supplemented with

High-yield synthesis of silver nanowires for transparent conducting PET films

• Gul Naz,
• Hafsa Asghar,
• Muhammad Ramzan,
• Muhammad Arshad,
• Rashid Ahmed,
• Muhammad Bilal Tahir,
• Bakhtiar Ul Haq,
• Nadeem Baig and
• Junaid Jalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 624–632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.51

• size [34]. Four samples were examined. First, a sample was taken readily after the addition of AgNO3 to the reaction solution, and the subsequent samples were taken after 10 min and 20 min, and after washing of the final product (after 60 min of the reaction). Figure 3a shows one sharp peak at 401 nm

• alignment and density of AgNWs can be easily adjusted by increasing the number of times of water washing. Water, with a very high surface tension of 72.75 × 10−3 N·m−1 at 20 °C, tends to bundle the hydrophilic AgNWs together [55]. The literature has shown the fabrication of conducting PET films using

On the stability of microwave-fabricated SERS substrates – chemical and morphological considerations

• Limin Wang,
• Aisha Adebola Womiloju,
• Christiane Höppener,
• Ulrich S. Schubert and
• Stephanie Hoeppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 541–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.44

• available microscope glass coverslips, cut into rectangles with a dimension of 20 × 10 mm, were used as substrates. The glass substrates were first cleaned by washing with demineralized water and ethanol followed by plasma cleaning (argon plasma, 5 min, Diener Electronics). For all experiments, a single

Nickel nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide/WO₃ nanocomposite – a promising candidate for gas sensing

• Ilka Simon,
• Alexandr Savitsky,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Vladimir Pankov and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 343–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.28

• . TEM samples were prepared by drop casting the with acetonitrile diluted material on 200 µm carbon-coated copper grids, followed by washing the grid several times with acetonitrile to remove the excess ionic liquid. The size distribution was determined manually or with the aid of the Gatan Digital

Characterization, bio-uptake and toxicity of polymer-coated silver nanoparticles and their interaction with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

• Sahar Pourhoseini,
• Reilly T. Enos,
• Angela E. Murphy,
• Bo Cai and
• Jamie R. Lead

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 282–294, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.23

• ICP-MS after washing. For both AgNP and Ag ion exposure, the amount of Ag that was taken up by cells increased as the Ag concentration increased, which is expected and consistent with previous literature [49][50]. There was a significant difference between Ag that was detected in the cells (or bound

• synthesis, the NPs were washed by ultrafiltration (3 kDa cellulose membrane EMD Millipore) using a diafiltration technique to avoid drying and NP aggregation as well as to remove any residual reactants. The washing process was repeated at least three times and after each wash the trisodium citrate solution

Differences in surface chemistry of iron oxide nanoparticles result in different routes of internalization

• Barbora Svitkova,
• Vlasta Zavisova,
• Veronika Nemethova,
• Martina Koneracka,
• Miroslava Kretova,
• Filip Razga,
• Monika Ursinyova and
• Alena Gabelova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 270–281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.22

• additional time of 1 h. Cell exposure was finished by sucking off the culture medium and washing the cells twice with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). An illustration of the treatment is shown in Figure 4. The final concentrations of individual inhibitors of endocytosis or cytoskeleton dynamics were prepared

• . For F-actin staining, the coverslips were incubated with Alexa Fluor 488 Phalloidin or Alexa Fluor 546 Phalloidin (Life Technologies, Thermo Fisher Scientific) (dilution 1:500) at 37 °C for 1 h. After washing with PBS, 4,6-diamide-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (dilution 1: 500) was added for nuclear staining

• (at 37 °C, 15 min). Finally, after washing with PBS and sterile water, the coverslips were mounted on glass slides with mounting medium (Sigma-Aldrich). Images were obtained with a fluorescent microscope (Axio Imager, Zeiss) using ISIS software from the company MetaSystems GmbH (Altlussheim, Germany

Transient coating of γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with glutamate for its delivery to and removal from brain nerve terminals

• Konstantin Paliienko,
• Artem Pastukhov,
• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Olga Vasylchenko and
• Tatiana Borisova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1381–1393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.122

• achieved. In the next step, the magnetite colloid was stabilized with 0.1 M sodium citrate solution under sonication. The formation of maghemite was completed by oxidation of the magnetite colloid with 5% sodium hypochlorite solution and a subsequent sonication for 5 min. The final washing of the maghemite

High permittivity, breakdown strength, and energy storage density of polythiophene-encapsulated BaTiO₃ nanoparticles

• Adnanullah Khan,
• Amir Habib and
• Adeel Afzal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1190–1197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.103

• ) and (200) differentiates tetragonal BTO from cubic BTO [20]. Thus, as-prepared BTO nanoparticles are monocrystalline and exhibit a tetragonal lattice structure. Also, there is no sign of any impurity due to the repeated washing of BTO nanoparticles with dilute formic acid solution, which removes

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

• histidine–proline-rich glycoprotein, kininogen, prekallikrein, mannose-binding lectins, complement factors, clotting factors, immunoglobulins, fibronectin, and fibrinogen. They obtained the equivalent of 1 mg of proteins bound to 1 mg of iron oxide (in the case of extensive washing). This corona of proteins

Plant growth regulation by seed coating with films of alginate and auxin-intercalated layered double hydroxides

• Vander A. de Castro,
• Valber G. O. Duarte,
• Danúbia A. C. Nobre,
• Geraldo H. Silva,
• Vera R. L. Constantino,
• Frederico G. Pinto,
• Willian R. Macedo and
• Jairo Tronto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1082–1091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.93

• ; nitric acid (HNO3, 65.0%) was provided by F. Maia; sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 99.0%) was provided by Isofar and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO, 2.5%) was supplied by Merck. Water used for synthesis and washing of LDH was deionized by a Milli-Q® system. Synthesis of the layered double hydroxide The ZnAl-NAA-LDH

A 3D-polyphenylalanine network inside porous alumina: Synthesis and characterization of an inorganic–organic composite membrane

• Jonathan Stott and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 938–951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.78

• gas atmosphere followed by three washing steps with fresh toluene followed by drying under argon and under vacuum. Crosslinking of the grafted silanes was performed at 120 °C under vacuum for two hours. Amino-prefunctionalized ALOX-membranes were stored under inert gas atmosphere until use. NH2-ALOX

• connected with a washing bottle filled with 1 M NaOH solution of water. 50 mL of anhydrous THF and the suspension was warmed up to 50 °C. Under a stream of argon, 3 g (10.1 mmol) of triphosgene was added and the suspension was stirred for 20 min. The suspension starts to clear up and portions of 100 mg of

Nickel nanoparticles supported on a covalent triazine framework as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reactions

• Secil Öztürk,
• Yu-Xuan Xiao,
• Dennis Dietrich,
• Beatriz Giesen,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jie Ying,
• Xiao-Yu Yang and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 770–781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.62

• , it was washed with 200 mL diluted hydrochloric acid (HCl) (2 mol/L) for 24 h. The washing process was further continued with millipore water (3 × 75 mL), tetrahydrofuran (THF) (3 × 75 mL) and acetone (3 × 75 mL). The resulted product was dried under high vacuum at 120 °C overnight. The same procedure

A novel dry-blending method to reduce the coefficient of thermal expansion of polymer templates for OTFT electrodes

• Xiangdong Ye,
• Bo Tian,
• Yuxuan Guo,
• Fan Fan and
• Anjiang Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 671–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.53

• template, Kalsoom et al. [15] treated non-porous HPHT microdiamond powder with a size of 2–4 μm with sodium hydroxide and nitric acid followed by intensive washing with deionised water to reduce the tendency to agglomerate. Then, 30 wt % of the synthetic microparticles was added to the acrylate polymer to

Examination of the relationship between viscoelastic properties and the invasion of ovarian cancer cells by atomic force microscopy

• Mengdan Chen,
• Jinshu Zeng,
• Weiwei Ruan,
• Zhenghong Zhang,
• Yuhua Wang,
• Shusen Xie,
• Zhengchao Wang and
• Hongqin Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 568–582, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.45

• . Then, the culture medium was removed and 1 mL PBS was added to each culture dish. After washing three times with PBS, the samples with or without echinomycin treatments were fixed by 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) for 15 min, and 0.1% Triton-X-100 was used for permeabilization. After that, the cells were

Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood

• Ludovica Soddu,
• Duong N. Trinh,
• Eimear Dunne,
• Dermot Kenny,
• Giorgia Bernardini,
• Ida Kokalari,
• Arianna Marucco,
• Marco P. Monopoli and
• Ivana Fenoglio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 550–567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.44

• binding coronas as previously described [26]. After the last washing step, the pelleted samples were suspended in 20 μL PBS and 10 μL of 3X Blue Loading Buffer Reagents (New England biolabs) that contained DTT in a ratio of 1:10 following the manufacturer instructions. The samples were sonicated for 5 min

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

Interfacial charge transfer processes in 2D and 3D semiconducting hybrid perovskites: azobenzene as photoswitchable ligand

• Nicole Fillafer,
• Tobias Seewald,
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 466–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.38

• nitrosobenzene (1.25 equiv) in glacial acetic acid. After stirring at 80 °C for 24 h a brown precipitate was obtained. The solid was dissolved in DCM and separated from the glacial acetic acid. After washing the organic phase with purified water three times the solvent was removed [62]. Chromatographic

High dynamic resistance elements based on a Josephson junction array

• Konstantin Yu. Arutyunov and
• Janne S. Lehtinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 417–420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.32

• current values have been detected so far [10]. Later it was understood that the straightforward approach of using a high-Ohmic dissipative environment, Renv > RQ, is far from optimal, as it introduces Johnson noise, washing out the desired current singularities [11]. Various JJ-based systems were

Poly(1-vinylimidazole) polyplexes as novel therapeutic gene carriers for lung cancer therapy

• Gayathri Kandasamy,
• Elena N. Danilovtseva,
• Vadim V. Annenkov and
• Uma Maheswari Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 354–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.26

• plate. When the cells reached confluency, medium was removed and non-adherent cells were removed by washing with PBS. The polyplexes containing fluorescent siRNA were added to 100 µL of serum-free media so that the final concentration of siRNA in the system was 100 nM. At pre-determined time points, the

Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

• Maximilian Wassner,
• Markus Eckardt,
• Andreas Reyer,
• Thomas Diemant,
• Michael S. Elsaesser,
• R. Jürgen Behm and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.1

• (HRTEM) images of the resulting particles showed that the graphite layers are arranged along the longitudinal axis of the fibers [37]. After the acidic washing process, neither XPS nor EDX showed, for g-NCS-850 and g-NCS-1000, Fe or Fe3C particles within the spheres, which are commonly found for the Fe

• (similar N-configuration, N content, SSA/ESA, and microporosity), it is not astonishing that these two materials show comparable ORR activities (Figure 8a,d). Additionally, this result also strongly supports our claim that the acidic washing of the graphitized catalysts is able to largely remove the iron

• ). Iron catalyst particles were removed by acid leaching with 2 M hydrochloric acid, followed by filtration, washing with aqua dest. to a neutral pH value and drying [32]. N-doping was realized in the same way as described for the NCS sample series; thereby the N-doping temperature is set to the same

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• manufacturer’s instructions. After subsequent removal of medium and gentle washing with warmed PBS, 0.25 mL of complete medium containing 0.67 µg of anti-Luc siRNA (200 nM) encapsulated in nanoparticles (125 µg/mL) were added to each well, with anti-Luc siRNA/LTX complex used as a positive control for