Growth model and structure evolution of Ag layers deposited on Ge films

• Arkadiusz Ciesielski,
• Lukasz Skowronski,
• Ewa Górecka,
• Jakub Kierdaszuk and
• Tomasz Szoplik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 66–76, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.9

• transmission spectra. Two months after deposition, the slope of the silver layer density profile derived from the XRR spectra was found to be inverted due to the completed segregation process, and the optical transmission spectra increased uniformly due to the roughened surfaces, corrosion of silver and

• atoms present in the Ag grain boundaries are individual atoms or small clusters, Raman spectra of Ge wetted, 20 nm thick Ag layers were recorded immediately after deposition as well as 10 days later. To avoid corrosion, all samples were capped with a 3 nm thick LiF overlayer, except the ones measured

• visible even though the transparency of 20 nm thick Ag layer at these wavenumbers is extremely low (considering the fact that the laser wavelength is 532 nm). After 10 days of storing the sample in pressure below 10−3 Torr to reduce corrosion, the segregation is profound enough to noticeably influence the

Ta₂N₃ nanocrystals grown in Al₂O₃ thin layers

• Krešimir Salamon,
• Maja Buljan,
• Iva Šarić,
• Mladen Petravić and
• Sigrid Bernstorff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2162–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.215

• longer wavelengths, high temperature durability, chemical stability, corrosion resistance, low cost or mechanical hardness, there is an increasing interest in various alternative materials that could optimize the device performance for specific plasmonic applications [8][9][10]. One promising group of

In situ controlled rapid growth of novel high activity TiB₂/(TiB₂–TiN) hierarchical/heterostructured nanocomposites

• Jilin Wang,
• Hejie Liao,
• Yuchun Ji,
• Fei Long,
• Yunle Gu,
• Zhengguang Zou,
• Weimin Wang and
• Zhengyi Fu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2116–2125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.211

• stability, as well as excellent electrical and thermal conductivity [4][5][6]. On the other hand, titanium nitride (TiN) has some attractive properties, such as high hardness, low electrical resistivity, excellent wear and corrosion resistance [1][2][7]. Therefore, it is expected that these unique

A comparative study of the nanoscale and macroscale tribological attributes of alumina and stainless steel surfaces immersed in aqueous suspensions of positively or negatively charged nanodiamonds

• Colin K. Curtis,
• Antonin Marek,
• Alex I. Smirnov and
• Jacqueline Krim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2045–2059, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.205

• aluminum, the surface-exposed aluminum metal is readily oxidized to Al2O3 under ambient air. This surface layer of alumina is protecting the rest of metal from a further corrosion. In our experiments, the electrodes were additionally anodized for 3 min. This procedure is expected to yield approximately 50

Systematic control of α-Fe₂O₃ crystal growth direction for improved electrochemical performance of lithium-ion battery anodes

• Nan Shen,
• Miriam Keppeler,
• Barbara Stiaszny,
• Holger Hain,
• Filippo Maglia and
• Madhavi Srinivasan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2032–2044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.204

• . Among them, α-Fe2O3 (hematite) has attracted more and more attention due to its non-toxicity, high corrosion resistance, low processing costs, and especially, for its high theoretical gravimetric lithium-ion storage capacity of 1007 mAh g−1. However, α-Fe2O3 interacts with lithium ions via a conversion

Bi-layer sandwich film for antibacterial catheters

• Gerhard Franz,
• Florian Schamberger,
• Hamideh Heidari Zare,
• Sara Felicitas Bröskamp and
• Dieter Jocham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1982–2001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.199

• silver from unintended corrosion. Second, it must ensure a certain release rate of the reagent Ag+, which is below the toxic level but sufficiently high to fight bacteria, germs and fungi successfully. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) must be exceeded. For this purpose, the coating must be

α-Silicene as oxidation-resistant ultra-thin coating material

• Ali Kandemir,
• Fadil Iyikanat,
• Cihan Bacaksiz and
• Hasan Sahin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1808–1814, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.182

• for all application areas. As a well-known mechanism of electrochemical corrosion, the formation of rust is an un-solicited reaction between a metal and oxygen. For that reason, protection of surfaces from oxygen has become an important field. Although macroscale and microscale coatings have been used

• are needed to be understood in detail. Due to its extraordinary structural and electrical properties, graphene as 2D material has garnered huge interest in nearly all science branches [3][4]. Because of the high impermeability, graphene has also been thought as a corrosion-protection barrier [5][6][7

• ]. Kirkland et al. investigated the electrochemical response of graphene-coated metal surfaces and found that graphene causes reduction in the corrosion rate [8]. In addition, Topsakal et al. showed that graphene is a suitable coating material to protect surfaces from oxidation by performing DFT-based

Two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites for photocatalytic energy generation and environmental remediation applications

• Suneel Kumar,
• Ashish Kumar,
• Ashish Bahuguna,
• Vipul Sharma and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1571–1600, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.159

Atomic structure of Mg-based metallic glass investigated with neutron diffraction, reverse Monte Carlo modeling and electron microscopy

• Rafał Babilas,
• Dariusz Łukowiec and
• Laszlo Temleitner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1174–1182, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.119

• values stated for crystalline Mg2Cu phase. The nanometer scale diffraction from selected areas in an amorphous matrix of Mg60Cu30Y10 glass used in [27] allows the interplanar spacing to be determined, which comes from the Mg2Cu clusters. What is more, the corrosion resistance of amorphous materials is

• related to the atomic structure. The lowest corrosion current density was detected for Mg60Cu30Y10 metallic glass, which has the lowest value of the first coordination shell radius from all R values determined for Mg65Cu20Y10Zn5 and Mg65Cu20Y10Ni5 alloys [28]. The ND structure factor S(Q) determined from

Fully scalable one-pot method for the production of phosphonic graphene derivatives

• Kamila Żelechowska,
• Marta Prześniak-Welenc,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Izabela Kondratowicz and
• Tadeusz Miruszewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1094–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.111

• wastewater. As can be seen, only a few examples of graphene derivatives functionalized with phosphonic acid can be found in the literature. The synthesis of phosphonic and bisphosphonic acids, which are widely used as detergents, pharmaceuticals (mainly for osteoporosis treatment), corrosion inhibitors

Treatment of fly ash from power plants using thermal plasma

• Sulaiman Al-Mayman,
• Ibrahim AlShunaifi,
• Abdullah Albeladi,
• Imed Ghiloufi and
• Saud Binjuwair

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1043–1048, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.105

• alkaline earth metals (Ba, Ca, and Mg). These metals are added to the fuel oils for the suppression of soot or for corrosion control [2][3]. This fly ash is toxic because it contains a high percentage of heavy metals, such as V and Ni. Furthermore, the landfill of fly ash is expensive and causes several

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• its susceptibility to oxidative environments. In the last few decades, the synthesis of transition metal oxide (TMO) NPs has attracted much attention, providing the advantages of controlled shape, size, crystallinity and functionality, as well as being ecologically benign, corrosion resistance, easily

Diffusion and surface alloying of gradient nanostructured metals

• Zhenbo Wang and
• Ke Lu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 547–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.59

• works have been carried out on advancing surface alloying techniques of metals with a preformed nanostructured surface layer. The advantages are distinct, for example, improving surface properties such as wear and corrosion resistance with higher energy/time efficiency, reducing work-piece distortion

• -temperature processes: Surface alloying processes, such as nitriding and aluminizing, have been achieved on various engineering metals with a GNS surface layer at temperatures much lower than the conventional processing temperatures, and properties such as resistance to wear and corrosion were significantly

• [94][95], which is used as an important material in human body implantation. After immersion in the H2O2 solution for 24 h at room temperature, crystallized titania with the nanoporous structure was synthesized on the GNS Ti plate, while only interfacial corrosion was observed on the CG sample. By

A new approach to grain boundary engineering for nanocrystalline materials

• Shigeaki Kobayashi,
• Sadahiro Tsurekawa and
• Tadao Watanabe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1829–1849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.176

• materials. In recent years, the control of brittle fracture [37][38], creep deformation [39][40][41], fatigue fracture [42][43][44][45], corrosion [46][47][48][49] and stress corrosion cracking [40][41][50][51] have been successfully achieved by applying the concept of GBE based on the control of GBCD and

• improvement of corrosion resistance in existing stainless steels, as a typical engineering metallic material with enhanced corrosion resistance. This kind of GBE has been originally attempted by us quite recently and provided us important clues to future development of GBE. First, let us explain the basic

• boundary network, as seen from Figure 12. The longer percolation path composed of intergranular corrosion susceptive, random boundaries is characterized by the higher fractal dimension of MRBC. This finding has provided us with experimental evidence that the fractal dimension for MRBC, DR is useful as a

Properties of Ni and Ni–Fe nanowires electrochemically deposited into a porous alumina template

• Alla I. Vorobjova,
• Dmitry L. Shimanovich,
• Kazimir I. Yanushkevich,
• Sergej L. Prischepa and
• Elena A. Outkina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1709–1717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.163

• instruments). Preventers (Na2SO4, CuSO4) were added to decrease corrosion activity of the electrolyte. This is particularly important during long-term deposition experiments. The concentration and pH value of each solution are shown in Table 1. All experiments were performed at room temperature (22 ± 2 °C

In situ characterization of hydrogen absorption in nanoporous palladium produced by dealloying

• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Christopher Wiednig,
• Norbert Enzinger and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1197–1201, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.110

• and catalysis [2]. One attractive method to produce nanostructured metals with macroscopic dimensions is dealloying, an (electro-)chemical process, which removes the less noble component from an alloy by selective etching [3]. Nanoporous palladium (np-Pd) produced by free corrosion [4] as well as

• extraordinarily strong actuation properties were reported quite recently for nanoporous Pd produced by free corrosion [4], the dilatometric measurements were extended to higher hydrogen concentrations by employing different charging parameters (Table 1). Before each loading experiment, the sample was activated by

• as the relative sensitivity of actuator response to hydrogen loading of recently investigated nanoporous palladium produced by free corrosion of an Al–Pd master alloy [4]. While the maximum hydrogen solubilities show a strong variation with the charging parameters, such as the chosen electrolyte and

Orientation of FePt nanoparticles on top of a-SiO₂/Si(001), MgO(001) and sapphire(0001): effect of thermal treatments and influence of substrate and particle size

• Martin Schilling,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Zaoli Zhang,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Ute Kaiser and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 591–604, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.52

• material results from its thermal stability, its corrosion resistance and the possibility to tune its electronic properties [6][7]. Both of the appealing properties, the catalytic as well as the magnetic, hinge on the chemically ordered L10 phase of FePt close to equiatomic composition [6][8]. Though this

In situ observation of deformation processes in nanocrystalline face-centered cubic metals

• Aaron Kobler,
• Christian Brandl,
• Horst Hahn and
• Christian Kübel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 572–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.50

• materials [24], radiation-resistant materials for nuclear reactors [25], applications for wear and corrosion protection [6][26] and for flexible electrical components [27]. Beside simulations [12][13][14][17][28][29], only few experimental methods are capable to measure in situ structural signatures of the

First-principles study of the structure of water layers on flat and stepped Pb electrodes

• Xiaohang Lin,
• Ferdinand Evers and
• Axel Groß

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 533–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.47

• importance as it is relevant in, e.g., electrocatalysis, electrochemical energy conversion and storage, and corrosion. At the same time this interaction is of fundamental interest as there are still many open questions left with respect to the structure of liquid–solid interfaces and the influence of the

Case studies on the formation of chalcogenide self-assembled monolayers on surfaces and dissociative processes

• Yongfeng Tong,
• Tingming Jiang,
• Azzedine Bendounan,
• Makri Nimbegondi Kotresh Harish,
• Angelo Giglia,
• Stefan Kubsky,
• Fausto Sirotti,
• Luca Pasquali,
• Srinivasan Sampath and
• Vladimir A. Esaulov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 263–277, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.24

• molecular layer can eventually form. This was noted for the case of alkanethiol SAMs on Pd and it was shown that this led to interesting consequences, such as greater resistance to corrosion by chemical etchants [46][47]. In biotechnology applications, a greater resistance to invasion by cells was observed

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

• used in larger amounts than the other materials [124][125]. In addition, most of the conventional solvents have problems, such as toxicity, flammability, and corrosion. Their solubility and volatility may result in contamination of air, water and soil and also can increase the risk of exposure to

Electrochemical coating of dental implants with anodic porous titania for enhanced osteointegration

• Amirreza Shayganpour,
• Alberto Rebaudi,
• Pierpaolo Cortella,
• Alberto Diaspro and
• Marco Salerno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2183–2192, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.224

• dental and orthopedic implants, thanks to its very good strength, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility [1][2]. Despite the very high success rate of Ti dental implants (>90%), there is still room for optimization of osteointegration, particularly for diabetics, smokers and oncology patients [3]. As

Thermal energy storage – overview and specific insight into nitrate salts for sensible and latent heat storage

• Nicole Pfleger,
• Thomas Bauer,
• Claudia Martin,
• Markus Eck and
• Antje Wörner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1487–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.154

• temperatures are required. A novel method to identify the composition of salt mixtures featuring a decreased melting temperature is presented at the end of this section. Additionally limitations of molten salt storage may arise due to storage media costs, the risk of corrosion and the difficulty in hygroscopic

Thermal treatment of magnetite nanoparticles

• Beata Kalska-Szostko,
• Urszula Wykowska,
• Dariusz Satula and
• Per Nordblad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1385–1396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.143

• the fabrication methods determine, to some extent, the sensitivity of the nanoparticles to external factors. Keywords: high temperature corrosion; internal oxidation; IR spectroscopy; metal matrix composites; Mössbauer spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; Introduction Nanostructured magnetite has become