Long-term stability and scale-up of noncovalently bound gold nanoparticle-siRNA suspensions

• Anna V. Epanchintseva,
• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Dmitrii V. Pyshnyi,
• Elena I. Ryabchikova and
• Inna A. Pyshnaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2568–2578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.248

• under stirring at 1000 rpm. Unbound siRNA was washed off with sodium citrate (1 mL, 3.88 mM;), followed by centrifugation for 30 min at 16000g and 25 °С. This procedure was used in all experiments for washing. The supernatant was removed and stored if necessary. The sol was diluted with sodium citrate

Bombesin receptor-targeted liposomes for enhanced delivery to lung cancer cells

• Mohammad J. Akbar,
• Pâmela C. Lukasewicz Ferreira,
• Melania Giorgetti,
• Leanne Stokes and
• Christopher J. Morris

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2553–2562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.246

• ) A549-GRPR cells were exposed to 1 μg/mL of control or target liposomes for 15–180 min before washing and analysis of liposomal 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DHPE)-fluorescein intensity by flow cytometry. Fold-change median fluorescence intensity (MFI) was determined by correcting

Evaluation of click chemistry microarrays for immunosensing of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

• Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Dadfar,
• Sylwia Sekula-Neuner,
• Vanessa Trouillet,
• Hui-Yu Liu,
• Ravi Kumar,
• Annie K. Powell and
• Michael Hirtz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2505–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.241

• probably caused by the drying effect that becomes more pronounced at elevated temperatures since the solvent evaporation is enhanced. When the material is dried out (and is thus only physisorbed onto the surface), it is more easily removed in the washing step before the fluorescence measurement. Based on

• . Here, the fluorescence remaining after washing of the microarray is highly reduced (Figure S2b). Finally, it should be noted that unlabeled AFP can also be detected in this approach. For demonstration, unlabeled AFP was spotted by µCS and stained via the same type of biotinylated antibodies as

The role of Ag⁺, Ca²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Al³⁺ adions in the SERS turn-on effect of anionic analytes

• Stefania D. Iancu,
• Andrei Stefancu,
• Vlad Moisoiu,
• Loredana F. Leopold and
• Nicolae Leopold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2338–2345, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.224

• cationic adions present on the silver surface are responsible for the specific adsorption of the anionic analytes enabling a SERS switch-on effect. For this, we eliminated the excess of free, unadsorbed Ca2+, Pb2+ or Al3+ from the colloidal solution by washing the activated cit-AgNPs as described in the

• Supporting Information File 1, Figure S5. Salicylic acid (50 µM) was added to the washed cit-AgNPs. The SERS spectrum of salicylic acid could be obtained only for the solutions containing cit-AgNPs that were activated with Ca2+, Pb2+ or Al3+ prior to washing (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S5

• ), whereas for the solutions with cit-AgNPs that were not activated with cations prior to washing, we did not obtain any SERS signal of salicylic acid indicating that salicylic acid did not adsorb on the bare cit-AgNPs. These results confirm that only the adsorbed cations facilitate the chemisorption of the

Atomic force acoustic microscopy reveals the influence of substrate stiffness and topography on cell behavior

• Yan Liu,
• Li Li,
• Xing Chen,
• Ying Wang,
• Meng-Nan Liu,
• Jin Yan,
• Liang Cao,
• Lu Wang and
• Zuo-Bin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2329–2337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.223

• 488) for 15 min, and the nuclei were stained blue by DAPI for 5 min. Finally, after washing once with PBS, the L929 cells were observed with a fluorescence microscope (Nikon ECLIPSE Ti). The images were captured using a Nikon DS-Ri2 camera, and imaging was repeated at least four times for each group

Mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) as multivalent lectin-binding nanomaterials

• Stefania Ordanini,
• Wanda Celentano,
• Anna Bernardi and
• Francesco Cellesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2192–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.212

• filtered through a celite pad (h = 6 cm, Φ = 2 cm), washing with toluene, and then the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was taken up in 112.5 mL of CH2Cl2, washed with brine (3 × 45 mL) and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under vacuum, obtaining

• performed by filtering the reaction mixture through a neutral alumina pad (h = 1.5 cm/mcrude (g), Φ = 2 cm), washing with CH2Cl2. Then the filtrate was dried under reduced pressure and the resulting crude was dissolved in the minimum amount of CH2Cl2 (ca. 1 mg/mL) and dripped in cold diethyl ether (CH2Cl2

• , pentaerythritol tetrakis(2-bromo-isobutyrate, 2) 80 mg/mL in THF) were added to the monomers. The reaction mixture was stirred for 6 h at 50 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. The purification was performed by filtering the reaction mixture through a neutral alumina pad (h = 1.5 cm/mcrude (g), Φ = 2 cm), washing with

Use of data processing for rapid detection of the prostate-specific antigen biomarker using immunomagnetic sandwich-type sensors

• Camila A. Proença,
• Tayane A. Freitas,
• Thaísa A. Baldo,
• Elsa M. Materón,
• Flávio M. Shimizu,
• Gabriella R. Ferreira,
• Frederico L. F. Soares,
• Ronaldo C. Faria and
• Osvaldo N. Oliveira Jr.

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2171–2181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.210

• buffer at pH 5.2 was added to the washed MNPs. It was shaken on a vortex-type stirrer for 5 min and on a rotary shaker for 30 min. Immediately after shaking, the particles were magnetically separated and washed with MES buffer again. The supernatant was then removed, and the washing procedure was

• and 0.1% BSA (four-fold). Later, 1.0 mL of glycine 1.0 mol·L−1 pH 8 was added to the solution. The solution was vortexed and stirred for 30 min at room temperature, followed by washing with 0.05% PBS/Tween-20 buffer, pH 7.4 and 2% BSA; and magnetic separation. Finally, the bioconjugate complex was

BergaCare SmartLipids: commercial lipophilic active concentrates for improved performance of dermal products

• Florence Olechowski,
• Rainer H. Müller and
• Sung Min Pyo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2152–2162, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.208

• room temperature (25°C, lower), [10]. Left: Nile red-labeled lipid nanoparticle suspension (right arm) and nanoemulsion (left arm) applied to human forearm directly after application. Right: Both arms after washing under flowing water with rubbing. The lipid nanoparticles are highly adhesive and mostly

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

• homogenous transesterification of triglycerides with methanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH), which is still in use on an industrial scale. Along with the obvious advantages of being highly active and relatively inexpensive (depending however on the number of washing

Pulsed laser synthesis of highly active Ag–Rh and Ag–Pt antenna–reactor-type plasmonic catalysts

• Kenneth A. Kane and
• Massimo F. Bertino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1958–1963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.192

• activity after five cycles that did not persist after a higher number of cycles. The exact cause is presently unclear. Due to the unorthodox nature of the cycling experiments (i.e., no washing or solvent exchange between the cycles), the results are insufficient to conclude that the heterostructures are

Charge-transfer interactions between fullerenes and a mesoporous tetrathiafulvalene-based metal–organic framework

• Manuel Souto,
• Joaquín Calbo,
• Samuel Mañas-Valero,
• Aron Walsh and
• Guillermo Mínguez Espallargas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.183

• and the framework, which are not strong enough to keep the C60 retained during the washing procedure. The CO2 isotherm on C60@MUV-2 at 298 K also showed a small decrease in the gas sorption capacity (Figure 4b), especially at high pressures (7.7 and 5.3 mmol CO2/g at 18 bar for MUV-2 and C60@MUV-2

Engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for dual-modality imaging of intracranial glioblastoma via EGFRvIII targeting

• Xianping Liu,
• Chengjuan Du,
• Haichun Li,
• Ting Jiang,
• Zimiao Luo,
• Zhiqing Pang,
• Daoying Geng and
• Jun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1860–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.181

• . Subsequently, the brains of the tumor-bearing mice were separated and the tumor tissue were removed and immersed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 2 h at 4 °C, followed by washing with PBS and the remaining steps as previously reported [27]. Primary safety evaluation of PNPs The cytotoxicity of PNPs against U87MG and

Nanoarchitectonics meets cell surface engineering: shape recognition of human cells by halloysite-doped silica cell imprints

• Elvira Rozhina,
• Ilnur Ishmukhametov,
• Svetlana Batasheva,
• Farida Akhatova and
• Rawil Fakhrullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1818–1825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.176

• formation of silica/halloysite cell-mimicking imprints. Then the shells were disintegrated using sonication, while the cell debris was dissolved by acid washing to produce polydisperse silica/halloysite cells imprints. Next, these imprints were utilised to selectively recognise HeLa cells in cell growth

Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

• Barbara Pem,
• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Lea Ulm,
• Ivan Pavičić,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ljubojević,
• Adela Krivohlavek and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

• washing steps of the cells after treatment and before the staining procedures as indicated in the cell protocols. In the case of flow cytometry experiments, the settings on the flow cytometer were carefully established taking into account testing of the correct NP concentration range, system noise, and

• NPs that could have been uptaken by live cells, we applied several washing steps to the NP-treated cells before the staining procedures. Acute toxicity test on Daphnia magna Acute ecotoxicity tests were performed on D. magna Straus, an aquatic model organism for ecotoxicity tests. D. magna Straus

Lipid nanostructures for antioxidant delivery: a comparative preformulation study

• Elisabetta Esposito,
• Maddalena Sguizzato,
• Markus Drechsler,
• Paolo Mariani,
• Federica Carducci,
• Claudio Nastruzzi,
• Giuseppe Valacchi and
• Rita Cortesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1789–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.174

• dust by washing with detergent and rinsing twice with water for injections. The measurements were made in triplicate at 25 °C at an angle of 90°, and the data were interpreted using the “CONTIN” method [38]. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) analysis The samples were vitrified as

Synthesis of nickel/gallium nanoalloys using a dual-source approach in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazole ionic liquids

• Ilka Simon,
• Julius Hornung,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Maik Finze,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1754–1767, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.171

• removed as much as possible by washing with acetonitrile (see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S11). The precipitated NiGa nanoparticles exhibited over three runs very high conversion rates of 82–96% (Table 3). After 30 min the hydrogen consumption reaches a plateau at an H2 uptake value that

Nanoporous smartPearls for dermal application – Identification of optimal silica types and a scalable production process as prerequisites for marketed products

• David Hespeler,
• Sanaa El Nomeiri,
• Jonas Kaltenbach and
• Rainer H. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1666–1678, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.162

• in vivo situation. Dermal formulations are often applied for 10–12 h (e.g., morning application to the face, followed by face washing in the evening). To have a release as complete as possible, larger pores are thus favorable for dermal products. Apart from the consequence for dermal delivery, the

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• diffraction (GIXD) revealed a face-centred square grid structure with an average domain size of 3600 Å2. Makiura et al. employed a similar method to form multilayers of an oriented porphyrin-based MOF film on top of substrates by repeating transfer and washing of interfacially grown MOF layers (Figure 10

• ]. In this modified method, mild sonication was applied for a short period of time after appropriate incubation time. The resulting C70 cubic objects were further transformed into needle-on-cube (one-dimensional structure on the surface of three-dimensional object) structures simply by washing with

• isopropyl alcohol at room temperature (Figure 21). The growth directions and diameters of the nanorod-like C70 one-dimensional structures can be tuned through the washing conditions. Interestingly, the formed nanorod structures possess mesoporous features, which makes the entire structure fully hierarchic

Selective gas detection using Mn₃O₄/WO₃ composites as a sensing layer

• Yongjiao Sun,
• Zhichao Yu,
• Wenda Wang,
• Pengwei Li,
• Gang Li,
• Wendong Zhang,
• Lin Chen,
• Serge Zhuivkov and
• Jie Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1423–1433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.140

• solution was poured into an 80 mL Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave and maintained at 200 °C inside an oven. The bluish precipitate was obtained through washing, centrifugation and drying at 80 °C. Finally, after annealing at 500 °C in air for 2 h, the as-prepared blue precursor was converted to faint

BiOCl/TiO₂/diatomite composites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B

• Minlin Ao,
• Kun Liu,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Zishun Li,
• Qian Peng and
• Jing Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1412–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.139

• obtained by dissolving 0.12 g of KCl in 5 mL distilled water was dripped into the above mixed mannitol solution under stirring, and the resulting mixed solution was filtered to obtain a solid. After washing, drying and calcining at 400 °C for 2 h, the BiOCl/TiO2/diatomite (BTD) composites were prepared

• of TiO2/diatomite and pure BiOCl were analyzed by the same method. In addition, cyclic experiments were carried out to prove the recyclability of photocatalysts. The photocatalyst was collected by centrifugation and the surface organic matter was removed by ethanol and water washing several times

Janus-micromotor-based on–off luminescence sensor for active TNT detection

• Ye Yuan,
• Changyong Gao,
• Daolin Wang,
• Chang Zhou,
• Baohua Zhu and
• Qiang He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1324–1331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.131

• silica cores were then dissolved by treating the particles with 0.5 M HF. The Janus UCNP capsule motors were obtained after three centrifugation/water washing steps. Analysis of the movement of the Janus UCNP capsule motors The movement studies were accomplished by dropping Janus UNCP capsule motors into

Multicomponent bionanocomposites based on clay nanoarchitectures for electrochemical devices

• Giulia Lo Dico,
• Bernd Wicklein,
• Lorenzo Lisuzzo,
• Giuseppe Lazzara,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.129

• , washing and finally dried overnight in a desiccator at 30 °C and stored at 4 °C until usage. HNT-GOx was added to the SEP/GNPs/MWCNTs/CHI mixtures (0.2% w/v and 8% w/v) described above, obtaining the compositions Film-1 and Foam-1 (Table 2). The resulting suspensions were processed by solvent-casting and

Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• and the presence of residual metal in the final product, as oxidized species cannot undergo the galvanic displacement. During the galvanic replacement, the M atoms in metallic form can react with the platinum salt. After washing the catalyst and removing of the IL, Pt3M NPs supported on N-CNTs are

• obtained with unreacted M atoms (and clusters) at the surface of the carbon support. Catalyst treatment: EDTA washing The previous characterization revealed a large amount of unalloyed cobalt or nickel species on the support surface, which can be easily dissolved in acidic media, which then poisons the

• order to minimize the impact of the treatment on both the catalyst and its support, we avoid the classically used acid leaching method [99], but preferred using and internally developed method, based on washing the material with a solution of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). This consists of

Tailoring the magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles using the polyol process

• Malek Bibani,
• Romain Breitwieser,
• Alex Aubert,
• Vincent Loyau,
• Silvana Mercone,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1166–1176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.116

• . After being cooled to RT, the black nanoparticle powders were recovered by several centrifugation cycles and washing with acetone. At the end, they were dried overnight in air at 50 °C. Table 1 is collecting all the main features of these samples. Characterization of the nanoparticles Structure The XRD

A highly efficient porous rod-like Ce-doped ZnO photocatalyst for the degradation of dye contaminants in water

• Binjing Hu,
• Qiang Sun,
• Chengyi Zuo,
• Yunxin Pei,
• Siwei Yang,
• Hui Zheng and
• Fangming Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1157–1165, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.115

• repeatability of CZO-4, recycling experiments were carried out at optimized conditions (concentration of RhB = 10 mg/L, catalyst dosage = 0.7 g/L, pH 9 and temperature = 50 °C). The photocatalysts were recycled after washing, centrifugation and vacuum drying at 75 °C for 1 h. The results given in Figure 2