Doxorubicin-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles overcome transporter-mediated drug resistance in drug-adapted cancer cells

• Hannah Onafuye,
• Sebastian Pieper,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
• Mark N. Wass,
• Klaus Langer and
• Martin Michaelis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1707–1715, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.166

• doxorubicin-loaded HSA (40%) nanoparticles, HSA (100%) nanoparticles, and HSA (200%) nanoparticles and doxorubicin solution reached statistical significance (P < 0.05) (Figure 3). Doxorubicin encapsulation into HSA (40%), HSA (100%), or HSA (200%) nanoparticles reduced the doxorubicin IC50 in UKF-NB-3rVCR1

• doxorubicin encapsulation into HSA nanoparticles reduced the doxorubicin IC50 to the level of parental UKF-NB-3 cells (Figure 3, Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1, Table S1), which do not display detectable ABCB1 activity [20][22][23]. Hence, the increased activity of nanoparticle-bound doxorubicin

Layered double hydroxide/sepiolite hybrid nanoarchitectures for the controlled release of herbicides

• Ediana Paula Rebitski,
• Margarita Darder and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1679–1690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.163

• coprecipitation step by assembling magnesium–aluminum layered double hydroxides (MgAl-LDH) and a sepiolite fibrous clay, with the simultaneous encapsulation of the herbicide 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) as the MgAl-LDH retains its ion exchange properties. The synthetic procedure was advantageous in

• bidistilled water, a continuous release of MCPA from the bionanocomposite beads was achieved for more than a week, while the non-encapsulated materials released the 100% of MCPA in 48 h. Besides, the encapsulation may allow for better handling and transport of the herbicide. Keywords: controlled release

• interest for agricultural purposes. Given that the amount of initial release of MCPA in all the formulations is quite high, the encapsulation of the hybrid nanoarchitectures in a protective biopolymer matrix was proposed to afford a better control over the release of the herbicide. In a previous study [49

Effects of gold and PCL- or PLLA-coated silica nanoparticles on brain endothelial cells and the blood–brain barrier

• Aniela Bittner,
• Angélique D. Ducray,
• Hans Rudolf Widmer,
• Michael H. Stoffel and
• Meike Mevissen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 941–954, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.95

• encapsulation in nanoparticles (NPs), increases precision and success of the procedure. Alternatively, gold NPs (Au-NPs) allow for localized and precise application of LTS [7][8]. Nanomaterials are foreign materials and, hence, might elicit adverse effects when they come in contact with bodily tissue, vessels

Renewable energy conversion using nano- and microstructured materials

• Harry Mönig and
• Martina Schmid

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 771–773, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.76

• cases in which organic or hybrid materials are involved [20]. For example protection against device degradation by advanced encapsulation techniques can help to further develop such technologies [21]. As it is the case for conventional materials, interface engineering is also a major factor for device

Ceria/polymer nanocontainers for high-performance encapsulation of fluorophores

• Kartheek Katta,
• Dmitry Busko,
• Yuri Avlasevich,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Stanislav Baluschev and
• Rafael Muñoz-Espí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 522–530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.53

• , the encapsulation process of the dye leads to a drastic reduction of the total dye concentration in the sample and increases the amounts of dissolved molecular oxygen and encapsulated fluorescent dye. A variety of methods have been applied to encapsulate the fluorescent materials into micro- and

• oxygen. In our case, during the encapsulation of TDI molecules the molecular oxygen present in the external environment (e.g., in the water phase) can enter into already formed polymer nanocapsules due to the permeability of the thin polymer shell. Thus, singlet oxygen is created by the process of

Bidirectional biomimetic flow sensing with antiparallel and curved artificial hair sensors

• Claudio Abels,
• Antonio Qualtieri,
• Toni Lober,
• Alessandro Mariotti,
• Lily D. Chambers,
• Massimo De Vittorio,
• William M. Megill and
• Francesco Rizzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 32–46, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.4

• 2 μm encapsulation layer to all sides of the cantilever beams as well as the flow sensor substrate (including circuitry). This process tunes the mechanical properties (flexural stiffness) of the artificial hair sensor, as described in [46]. Experimental methodology Three different experiments were

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

• with 5-FU and resulted in enhanced cellular uptake and efficacy [18]. Furthermore, a chitosan/gold nanocomposite was employed as a load carrier for 5-FU with an encapsulation efficiency of 96% [19]. Interestingly, monomeric self-assembled nucleoside nanoparticles (SNNPs) loaded with 5-FU were shown to

• inhibit the cancer cells of an oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) mouse xenograft model with increased blood retention time [20]. Furthermore, a poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer stabilized with a silver nanoparticle surface for the encapsulation of 5-FU showed synergistic growth inhibition in A549 and

• , while aqueous-dissolved 5-FU comprises a dispersed phase. The calculated drug loading efficiency of 5-FU in CaP nanoparticles was 64%, which represents an improved drug encapsulation efficiency. The final yield of the chemical synthesis was found to be 10 mg/100 mL. UV–visible spectroscopic studies The

Performance analysis of rigorous coupled-wave analysis and its integration in a coupled modeling approach for optical simulation of complete heterojunction silicon solar cells

• Ziga Lokar,
• Benjamin Lipovsek,
• Marko Topic and
• Janez Krc

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2315–2329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.216

• (EVA) encapsulation (Figure 3). The front of the basic solar cell structure consists of transparent conductive oxide (e.g., indium tin oxide (ITO)), a thin p-doped and intrinsic amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) layer for electrical passivation, a slightly n-doped crystalline Si (c-Si) wafer (absorber), and

• solar cell structure, including the front encapsulation and glass, including nano- and microtextures at the interfaces of the cell. The simulation results showed that optimized nanotextures can outperform currently used microtextures, resulting in a JSC increase of 0.51 mA/cm2 (1.4%). A combined nano

Optimization of the optical coupling in nanowire-based integrated photonic platforms by FDTD simulation

• Nan Guan,
• Andrey Babichev,
• Martin Foldyna,
• Dmitry Denisov,
• François H. Julien and
• Maria Tchernycheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2248–2254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.209

• -glass SiOx layer by removing it. 2D simulations at the horizontal cross-sectional plane in the middle of the waveguide were performed on the system without spin-on glass encapsulation to find the optimal width of the SiNx waveguide. For a final coupling efficiency calculations, 3D simulations were

• ] allowed the origin of the low coupling efficiency to be identified, namely the poor vertical overlap between the NWs and the SiNx waveguide due to the spin-on-glass encapsulation and the poor coupling from the wide SiNx waveguide to the NW photodetector. Therefore, we have focused on the optimization of

• photonic platform was optimized from an initial value of 8.7% up to 65.5%, which is a 7.5-fold increase from the initial structure. The optical losses due to the LED–waveguide and waveguide–photodetector coupling were reduced by removing the spin-on-glass encapsulation layer and reducing the SiNx waveguide

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

• toxic character of the released Pb2+, which requires the development of special recycling protocols [40][42]. While the first problem seems to be solvable, in particular by the encapsulation and a design of the cationic sublattice, the presence of Pb2+ cannot be avoided. Lead is allowed for usage in the

• -enriched surface layer [103]. The best Ca-substituted CsPbI3 HPs show a PCE of higher than 13% and maintain more than 85% of the initial efficiency for more than two months of testing with encapsulation [103]. A partial substitution of Pb(II) with In(III) yields HPs with a reduced lead content and a

• stability of MASnI3-based cells can also be strongly enhanced by doping with SnF2 [118][123][124]. The doped materials showed a remarkable stability when illuminated under ambient air conditions without additional encapsulation (Figure 4c). Additionally, the SnF2 doping results in a decrease of the HP

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

• limited ability to uniformly disperse NPs. A solution could be the encapsulation of NPs in polar proteins that could repel each other resulting in uniform dispersion over the entire surface area. Kim et al. [75][189][190][191] reported protein (apoferritin) encapsulated catalytic/noble metal NP

Nanoconjugates of a calixresorcinarene derivative with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) fragments for drug encapsulation

• Alina M. Ermakova,
• Julia E. Morozova,
• Yana V. Shalaeva,
• Victor V. Syakaev,
• Aidar T. Gubaidullin,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Vladimir V. Zobov,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Olga B. Bazanova,
• Igor S. Antipin and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2057–2070, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.195

• a non-toxic amphiphilic calixresorcinarene capable to form nanoconjugates for drug encapsulation, tetraundecylcalixresorcinarene functionalized by methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) chains has been synthesized. The macrocycle obtained is characterized by low hemotoxicity. In aqueous solution it forms

• -buffered saline, the micelles of the macrocycle acquire thermoresponsive properties and exhibit a temperature-controlled release of doxorubicin in vitro. The combination of the low toxicity and the encapsulation properties of the obtained calixresorcinarene–mPEG conjugate shows promising potential for the

• use as a supramolecular drug-delivery system. Keywords: calixresorcinarene; drug encapsulation; hemotoxicity; methoxy poly(ethylene glycol); temperature-controlled release; Introduction One of the acute problems of modern medicinal therapy is the development of novel drug-delivery systems with low

A differential Hall effect measurement method with sub-nanometre resolution for active dopant concentration profiling in ultrathin doped Si_1−xGe_x and Si layers

• Richard Daubriac,
• Emmanuel Scheid,
• Hiba Rizk,
• Richard Monflier,
• Sylvain Joblot,
• Rémi Beneyton,
• Pablo Acosta Alba,
• Sébastien Kerdilès and
• Filadelfo Cristiano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1926–1939, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.184

• use an encapsulation cell to protect metallic contacts of the electric test structures during etch (Figure S3, Supporting Information File 1). Due to the funnel-shaped cell designed for this study, the reaction zone is confined, which results in a reduction of the etch rate. By optimising the

• symmetrical shape with peripheral contacts separated from the centre region, in which the current lines converge allowing precise characterization. For this last reason, we were able to design an encapsulation cell (Figure S3, Supporting Information File 1) defining a reaction region in the centre part of the

Closed polymer containers based on phenylboronic esters of resorcinarenes

• Tatiana Yu. Sergeeva,
• Rezeda K. Mukhitova,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Polina D. Klypina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1594–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.151

• as p(SRA-B) but using aqueous solutions of the dyes (5 mM) instead of water. After the synthesis, D@p(SRA-B) were dialyzed for three days. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of p(SRA-B) toward PTS and Fl is 9.3 and 9.6%, respectively (Table 2). Due to the poor solubility of Py in water and the

• value or glucose. The determined pK values of the stepwise deprotonation of SRA (0.1 mM) and p(SRA-B) (0.14 mg/mL, which corresponds to 0.1 mM of SRA) and the dissociation of p(SRA-B) (universal buffer, 25 °C). Encapsulation efficiency of p(SRA-B) toward D (D = Fl and PTS) and release of D from D@p(SRA

Atomic-level characterization and cilostazol affinity of poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles conjugated with differentially charged hydrophilic molecules

• María Francisca Matus,
• Martín Ludueña,
• Cristian Vilos,
• Iván Palomo and
• Marcelo M. Mariscal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1328–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.126

• charged groups must surround the surface region for an optimal functionalization/charge distribution, which is a key factor in determining physicochemical interactions with different biological molecules inside the organism. Another important point that was investigated was the encapsulation of drugs in

• , cilostazol [32][33]. PEG chains typically create an interface between the NP core (PLA) and the hydrophilic environment, where the drug encapsulation is largely dependent on the intrinsic affinity between the drug and the PLA core [31]. All-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed using the

• in the experimental results, and all terminal groups were distributed at the surface of the NPs. The combination of MD-ReaxFF and blind docking techniques described in this work allowed the investigation of the antiplatelet drug encapsulation ability of polymeric NPs and can be used as a prior

Room-temperature single-photon emitters in titanium dioxide optical defects

• Kelvin Chung,
• Yu H. Leung,
• Chap H. To,
• Aleksandra B. Djurišić and
• Snjezana Tomljenovic-Hanic

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1085–1094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.100

• [16][19][20][21][62][63][64]. For defects within nanoparticles, the emission rate can be increased by encapsulation with material having a refractive index greater than that of air [65]. The issue of native defects in oxides is generally very complex. While the molecular formation and energy

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• protein capsids were used to encapsulate drugs, genes, enzymes or proteins for targeted delivery with biocompatibility and bioavailability [128]. Recent research efforts have focused on using viral NPs as conjugation templates to produce novel nanostructures [129][130] and cages for compound encapsulation

Single-crystalline FeCo nanoparticle-filled carbon nanotubes: synthesis, structural characterization and magnetic properties

• Rasha Ghunaim,
• Maik Scholz,
• Christine Damm,
• Bernd Rellinghaus,
• Rüdiger Klingeler,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Michael Mertig and
• Silke Hampel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1024–1034, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.95

• –Co. The CNTs act as templates for the encapsulation of magnetic nanoparticles and provide a protective shield against oxidation as well as prevent nanoparticle agglomeration. By variation of the reaction parameters, we were able to tailor the sample purity, degree of filling, the composition and size

• -filled CNTs show significant enhancement in the coercive field as compared to the corresponding bulk material, which make them excellent candidates for several applications such as magnetic storage devices. Keywords: carbon nanotubes; crystal structure; encapsulation; Fe–Co binary nanoparticles

Towards the third dimension in direct electron beam writing of silver

• Katja Höflich,
• Jakub Mateusz Jurczyk,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Maximilian Götz,
• Luisa Berger,
• Carlos Guerra-Nuñez,
• Caspar Haverkamp,
• Iwona Szymanska and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 842–849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.78

• resonant behavior in the visible range without suffering from losses due to interband transitions [20]. However, the coinage metal silver comes with some technical issues. It tends to react to silver sulfide under ambient conditions [21] and hence requires an encapsulation within the final device

Temperature-tunable lasing from dye-doped chiral microdroplets encapsulated in a thin polymeric film

• Gia Petriashvili,
• Mauro Daniel Luigi Bruno,
• Maria Penelope De Santo and
• Riccardo Barberi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 379–383, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.37

• observed [11][12]. In recent years, several studies have been published on the CLCs encapsulation in micrometer-sized spherical objects [13]. Inside the microdroplets the CLCs helical structure is preserved and, for boundary planar conditions, the helices axes are radially oriented. When CLCs are doped

Nanoparticle delivery to metastatic breast cancer cells by nanoengineered mesenchymal stem cells

• Liga Saulite,
• Karlis Pleiko,
• Ineta Popena,
• Dominyka Dapkute,
• Ricardas Rotomskis and
• Una Riekstina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 321–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.32

• , which could be sufficient time to release drugs into the tumour. The encapsulation of NP-linked anticancer drugs could ensure metered drug release in tumours [2]. QD linkage to photosensitisers, such as chlorin e6, causes damage to MiaPaCa2 cancer cells via light-induced cytotoxicity, demonstrating a

Review: Electrostatically actuated nanobeam-based nanoelectromechanical switches – materials solutions and operational conditions

• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Jana Andzane and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 271–300, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.29

Liquid-crystalline nanoarchitectures for tissue engineering

• Baeckkyoung Sung and
• Min-Ho Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 205–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.22

• electrostatically induced phase transitions from isotropic sol to nematic gel of synthetic nanofibers or filamentous bacteriophages can be adopted as a mild and efficient process for cell encapsulation in a highly anisotropic hydrogel scaffold [91][103]. These in situ cell inclusion techniques allow for the

• applications, the self-assembly of biopolymers in biocompatible ranges of physicochemical factors can be an ideal property, especially for developing scaffolds for cell encapsulation. The local anisotropy of the 3D architecture in the LC scaffolds provides a versatile strategy to dictate guided cell growth and

Group-13 and group-15 doping of germanane

• Nicholas D. Cultrara,
• Maxx Q. Arguilla,
• Shishi Jiang,
• Chuanchuan Sun,
• Michael R. Scudder,
• R. Dominic Ross and
• Joshua E. Goldberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1642–1648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.164

• Ga:GeH is stable under vacuum, enabling robust electronic properties through encapsulation. Overall, this work provides a pathway to dope germanane and enable future explorations of electronic devices. Experimental Single crystalline platelets of doped and undoped GeH were synthesized using methods

Development of an advanced diagnostic concept for intestinal inflammation: molecular visualisation of nitric oxide in macrophages by functional poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres

• Kathleen Lange,
• Christian Lautenschläger,
• Maria Wallert,
• Stefan Lorkowski,
• Andreas Stallmach and
• Alexander Schiller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1637–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.163

• investigation of untreated macrophages confirmed this by a low fluorescence signal of NO550-loaded microspheres (Figure 3). In contrast, NO550-loaded microspheres revealed in LPS-stimulated macrophages a strong fluorescence signal at 550 nm. Due to the polymeric encapsulation of NO550, no fluorescent background