Heating ability of magnetic nanoparticles with cubic and combined anisotropy

• Nikolai A. Usov,
• Mikhail S. Nesmeyanov,
• Elizaveta M. Gubanova and
• Natalia B. Epshtein

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 305–314, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.29

• , Moscow, Russia National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, 115409, Moscow, Russia 10.3762/bjnano.10.29 Abstract The low frequency hysteresis loops and specific absorption rate (SAR) of assemblies of magnetite nanoparticles with cubic anisotropy are calculated in the diameter range of D = 20–60 nm

• appreciable contribution to the total particle energy. As a result, the nanoparticles having shape perturbation possess combined magnetic anisotropy [23]. In this paper the low frequency hysteresis loops and the SAR of magnetite nanoparticles with cubic and combined magnetic anisotropy have been calculated

• /2. The nanoparticle elongations are supposed to be small, ξmax ≤ 1.2, so that various spheroids are close to a sphere. The calculations show that in the limit Np >> 1 the averaged hysteresis loop of cluster assembly has a rather small dispersion being averaged over 30–40 independent realizations of

Nanoporous water oxidation electrodes with a low loading of laser-deposited Ru/C exhibit enhanced corrosion stability

• Sandra Haschke,
• Dmitrii Pankin,
• Vladimir Mikhailovskii,
• Maïssa K. S. Barr,
• Adriana Both-Engel,
• Alina Manshina and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.15

• ruthenium catalyst as prepared is present as oxidized Ru(IV). This observation is consistent with the XPS analyses presented above. The consecutive cycles yield a rather constant hysteresis area, which indicates a low loss of material in electrochemical conditions. This relative stability of our nanoporous

• H2O to O2 visible at >0.9 V within 10 cycles is much more significant with the planar surface than with its porous counterpart. The area of the voltammetric hysteresis decreases concomitantly. These observations point to the rapid loss of noble metal catalyst from planar Ru/C surfaces. The contrasting

pH-mediated control over the mesostructure of ordered mesoporous materials templated by polyion complex micelles

• Emilie Molina,
• Mélody Mathonnat,
• Jason Richard,
• Patrick Lacroix-Desmazes,
• Martin In,
• Philippe Dieudonné,
• Thomas Cacciaguerra,
• Corine Gérardin and
• Nathalie Marcotte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.14

• with H1-like hysteresis loop (IUPAC classification [34]) showing capillary condensation at a relative pressure p/p0 ranging from 0.42 to 0.70. This indicates that the structural mesoporosity presents a cylindrical pore geometry with a high degree of pore size uniformity. This is confirmed by the narrow

• the hexagonal materials becomes less pronounced, and the hysteresis loop extends on a wider partial pressure range, in agreement with the presence of lamellar domains coexisting with wormhole pore morphologies. The increase of pH from 5.5 to 6.9 resulted in a size pore increase with broadening PSD

• image of Figure 4a. The N2 sorption isotherm (Figure 4b) exhibited the classical H3-like hysteresis loop expected for such a mesostructure, with a mesoporous volume of 0.17 cm3·g−1. A pore thickness of 3 nm was calculated using the Broekhof and De Boer method from the relative pressure at which complete

New micro/mesoporous nanocomposite material from low-cost sources for the efficient removal of aromatic and pathogenic pollutants from water

• Emmanuel I. Unuabonah,
• Robert Nöske,
• Jens Weber,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 119–131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.11

• interstitial voids among the particles. A very modest hysteresis is observed, which closes at approximately p/p0 = 0.45. This result is indicative of a few mesopores with restricted access within the material, which are emptied by cavitation [27]. Furthermore, analysis of 2Z-HYCA vs the synthesis temperature

Disorder in H⁺-irradiated HOPG: effect of impinging energy and dose on Raman D-band splitting and surface topography

• Lisandro Venosta,
• Noelia Bajales,
• Sergio Suárez and
• Paula G. Bercoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2708–2717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.253

• for the increase of the D band in the Raman spectra are related to magnetic changes in HOPG samples [37], magnetization measurements were conducted in order to attempt a more complete characterization of our samples. Hysteresis loops of pristine HOPG and the irradiated samples were measured at 4 K

• work, while the dashed, dashed-dotted and dotted lines are taken from Eckmann and co-workers [35]. The symbols +, * and # refer to sp3-hybridized bonds, vacancies, and boundary defects, respectively. a) Hysteresis loops of pristine HOPG and irradiated samples with low (LD) and high (HD) H+ doses, in

Size-selected Fe₃O₄–Au hybrid nanoparticles for improved magnetism-based theranostics

• Maria V. Efremova,
• Yulia A. Nalench,
• Eirini Myrovali,
• Anastasiia S. Garanina,
• Ivan S. Grebennikov,
• Polina K. Gifer,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Marina Spasova,
• Makis Angelakeris,
• Alexander G. Savchenko,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia L. Klyachko,
• Alexander G. Majouga and
• Ulf Wiedwald

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2684–2699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.251

• properties are presented in this section. We measure zero-field cooling and field cooling (ZFC/FC) at an applied field of µ0H = 5 mT and hysteresis loops in the field range µ0H = ±9 T in the temperature interval 5–350 K for MNP-15 and MNP-25 and 5–390 K for samples MNP-6 and MNP-44. Figure 4A presents the

• the TEM diameter of 44 nm. In contrast, the diameter of Fe3O4 in sample MNP-25, as determined by TEM and XRD, is the same within the error bar. Figure 4B shows the magnetic hysteresis loops at T = 5 K and T = 300 K. All samples have an open hysteresis at T = 5 K while at ambient temperature only the

• the higher blocking temperature. Thus, all NPs in MNP-44 contribute to the temperature rise via Néel losses. Hysteresis losses prevail and stabilize the SLP values for MNP-25 and MNP-44 at 3.6 mg·mL−1 Fe concentration (Figure 6C). As a reference, the heating rate and corresponding SLP are also

Exploring the photoleakage current and photoinduced negative bias instability in amorphous InGaZnO thin-film transistors with various active layer thicknesses

• Dapeng Wang and
• Mamoru Furuta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2573–2580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.239

• visible light irradiation exceeded ≈2.7 eV. Furthermore, the influence of the TIGZO on NBIS-induced instability in a-IGZO TFTs was explored by the combination of current–voltage measurements in double-sweeping VGS mode and capacitance–voltage measurements. The NBIS-induced hysteresis was quantitatively

• to device instability and restricts the development of oxide TFTs for commercial products. In our previous study, a double-sweeping VGS mode was proposed to investigate the origin of NBIS-induced hysteresis of a-IGZO TFTs [17]. A promising method to suppress NBIS degradation was also considered by

• explored by combining the current–voltage (I–V) measurements in double-sweeping VGS mode and capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements. The NBIS-induced hysteresis was quantitatively analyzed using a positive gate pulse mode. The I–V and C–V results revealed that the trapped holes at the etch-stopper/IGZO

High-temperature magnetism and microstructure of a semiconducting ferromagnetic (GaSb)_1−x(MnSb)_x alloy

• Leonid N. Oveshnikov,
• Elena I. Nekhaeva,
• Alexey V. Kochura,
• Alexander B. Davydov,
• Mikhail A. Shakhov,
• Sergey F. Marenkin,
• Oleg A. Novodvorskii,
• Alexander P. Kuzmenko,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Boris A. Aronzon and
• Erkki Lahderanta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2457–2465, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.230

• magnetization as function of the magnetic field for the sample GM3 (see Table 1) for magnetic field orientations parallel to the sample plane and perpendicularly to it. The presence of a well-pronounced hysteresis suggests that ferromagnetic ordering in these materials appears at T > 300 K. This is more evident

• , the Rxy(H) should reproduce the field dependence of the magnetization. As shown in Figure 3a, Rs·M(H) (the Hall resistivity after subtraction of the linear contribution) demonstrates hysteresis behavior (see inset) with Hc ≈ 140 Oe and a saturation field value of Hsat ≈ 3.8 kOe. This is in a good

• hysteresis at room temperature perfectly fits the idea of a dominant contribution of MnSb inclusions with Tc > 400 K interacting with holes. This is confirmed by the appearance of a substantial anomalous Hall effect even at room temperature that signifies the presence of spin-polarized charge carriers. The

Hydrothermal-derived carbon as a stabilizing matrix for improved cycling performance of silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion full cells

• Mirco Ruttert,
• Florian Holtstiege,
• Jessica Hüsker,
• Markus Börner,
• Martin Winter and
• Tobias Placke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2381–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.223

• . For example, they maintain a high specific capacity (372 mAh g−1) compared to cathode materials, high electrochemical stability in suitable electrolytes, a low operation potential (0.2 V vs Li/Li+), low voltage hysteresis, low cost, and are environmentally friendly [7][8]. Nonetheless, alternative

• , the VE is lower than before and stabilizes at ≈94% in both cases. The decrease compared to the formation cycles is most likely due to stronger polarization effects of the electrodes at higher currents [8][70]. A high VE indicates a small voltage hysteresis between charge and discharge of the cell

Pinning of a ferroelectric Bloch wall at a paraelectric layer

• Vilgelmina Stepkova and
• Jiří Hlinka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2356–2360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.220

• layer could be easily switched with a 0.5 kV/mm electric field, as is apparent from the quasistatic hysteresis loop shown in Figure 8 (see below). In fact, the thickness of the SrTiO3 layer can be tuned in a way that the wall passing through there is effectively in the state just below the phase

• the walls in the simulation box, but there were no real constrains introduced there, only the natural limitations resulting from the standard protocol of simulated annealing procedure, governed by the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau equation. The hysteresis loop shown in Figure 8 has been calculated

• and (b) with the thickness of the SrTiO3 layer. Landau part of the domain wall energy density as a function of the position of the ferroelectric domain wall, estimated by sliding a rigid polarization profile across the potential relief of the superlattice described in the text. Calculated hysteresis

Magnetism and magnetoresistance of single Ni–Cu alloy nanowires

• Andreea Costas,
• Camelia Florica,
• Elena Matei,
• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Andrei Kuncser,
• Victor Kuncser and
• Ionut Enculescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2345–2355, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.219

• measurements made on single Ni–Cu alloy nanowires of different compositions have been reported and discussed in detail. A direct methodology for transforming the magnetoresistance data into the corresponding magnetic hysteresis loops was proposed, opening new possibilities for an easy magnetic investigation of

• single magnetic nanowires in the peculiar cases of Stoner–Wohlfarth-like magnetization reversal mechanisms. The magnetic parameters of single Ni–Cu nanowires of different Ni content have been estimated and discussed by the interpretation of the as derived magnetic hysteresis loops via micromagnetic

• -resistance data in corresponding magnetic hysteresis loops can be applied, opening the way for an easier experimental investigation of magnetization reversal in ferromagnetic single nanowires. Information about magnetic parameters and phase segregation in single nanowires has been obtained by exploiting the

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

• carrier lifetime [126]. The solar cells produced from these highly uniform HP layers revealed a negligible hysteresis and no light soaking effect, indicating a largely suppressed recombination. The best PCE was 9%, which is by 50% higher than for similar cells with the HP layer modified by SnF2 [76]. A

• cell comprised on a MABI layer sandwiched between an FTO/TiO2 scaffold and a Spiro-MeOTAD/Au layer showed a PCE of 0.164% and very good stability of photovoltaic parameters even when stored in the open humid air [157]. The cell also showed almost no hysteresis over a broad range of scan rates (150–1500

• mV/s). A hysteresis-free cell was also constructed by combining the single-crystalline MABI with a P3HT HTL [85]. A layer of CsBi3I10 perovskite deposited by a conventional spin-coating/drying method on top of gold electrodes demonstrated a high photoresponse in the range of λ < 700 nm [169]. The

Influence of the thickness of an antiferromagnetic IrMn layer on the static and dynamic magnetization of weakly coupled CoFeB/IrMn/CoFeB trilayers

• Deepika Jhajhria,
• Dinesh K. Pandya and
• Sujeet Chaudhary

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2198–2208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.206

• of the antiferromagnetic (AF) IrMn layer is investigated using magnetization hysteresis (M–H) and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements. The study shows that the two CoFeB layers are coupled via a long-range dynamic exchange effect through the IrMn layer up to a thickness of 6 nm. It is found

• . The asymmetric hysteresis loop and training effect observed at low temperature is related to the presence of a metastable AF domain state. We show that both the static and dynamic magnetic properties of trilayer films can be adjusted over a wide range by changing the thickness of the IrMn spacer layer

• magnetization hysteresis (M–H) measurements. We find compelling evidence that the two CoFeB layers are dynamically exchange-coupled through the IrMn spacer layer up to a thickness tIrMn = 6 nm. The dynamic exchange coupling is discussed in terms of interaction between two CoFeB layers mediated by the IrMn layer

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

Synthesis of a MnO₂/Fe₃O₄/diatomite nanocomposite as an efficient heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst for methylene blue degradation

• Zishun Li,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Kun Liu,
• Jing Huang,
• Yueyang Xu,
• Qian Peng and
• Minlin Ao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1940–1950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.185

• distributions of the samples. All three samples show a type-IV isotherm with type-H3 hysteresis loops (at about 0.50–0.99), which demonstrates a mesoporous structure of diatomite and as-prepared composites [35]. The detailed BET values calculated by the Barret–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) method are listed in Table 1

• elemental mapping images (g) of MnO2/Fe3O4/diatomite. TEM images of (a) Fe3O4/diatomite, (b, c) MnO2/Fe3O4/diatomite and (d) HRTEM image of MnO2/Fe3O4/diatomite. Magnetic hysteresis loops of Fe3O4/diatomite and MnO2/Fe3O4/diatomite. The inset image illustrates the magnetic separation of the dispersed MnO2

Uniform cobalt nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous nanoplates as a magnetically separable, recyclable adsorbent

• Can Zhao,
• Yuexiao Song,
• Tianyu Xiang,
• Wenxiu Qu,
• Shuo Lou,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Feng Xin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1770–1781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.168

• saturation magnetization value for NPLs-2.5-650. Additionally, more carbon covering the surface of NPLs will weaken the magnetic response of Co nanoparticles, leading to a lower saturation magnetization value (NPLs-2.5-800 vs NPLs-2.0-800) [36]. The large magnetic hysteresis loops for samples NPLs-2.0-800

Magnetic properties of Fe₃O₄ antidot arrays synthesized by AFIR: atomic layer deposition, focused ion beam and thermal reduction

• Juan L. Palma,
• Alejandro Pereira,
• Raquel Álvaro,
• José Miguel García-Martín and
• Juan Escrig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1728–1734, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.164

• -SE ellipsometer from J. A. Wollam, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were performed using a Bruker D8 system with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.15406 nm), in a 2θ range between 10° and 90° at a sweep rate of 0.02°·s−1. Longitudinal MOKE hysteresis loops of the antidot arrays were obtained using a

• lattice parameter values at least three times larger than the hole diameter. According to the magnetic measurements, the initial Fe2O3 film is paramagnetic at room temperature, whilst after thermal transformation the obtained Fe3O4 film is ferrimagnetic. Figure 4 shows the representative hysteresis curves

• region of the hysteresis curves for the antidot arrays obtained from a 27 nm thick film. (a) Pristine thin film; (b, c) square arrays with lattice parameters of 240 and 360 nm, respectively; (d, e) hexagonal arrays with lattice parameters of 240 and 360 nm, respectively. Solid black lines correspond to a

Controllable one-pot synthesis of uniform colloidal TiO₂ particles in a mixed solvent solution for photocatalysis

• Jong Tae Moon,
• Seung Ki Lee and
• Ji Bong Joo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1715–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.163

• adsorption/desorption isotherm and corresponding Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) pore size distributions of the TiO2 samples. The TiO2 sample calcined at 400 °C (TiO2-400) displayed a typical type IV isotherm with a well-developed hysteresis loop that indicated mesoscale porosity (Figure 5a). The TiO2 sample

Nanoscale electrochemical response of lithium-ion cathodes: a combined study using C-AFM and SIMS

• Jonathan Op de Beeck,
• Nouha Labyedh,
• Alfonso Sepúlveda,
• Valentina Spampinato,
• Alexis Franquet,
• Thierry Conard,
• Philippe M. Vereecken,
• Wilfried Vandervorst and
• Umberto Celano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1623–1628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.154

• spectroscopy measurement in Figure 3. Here the tip is held fixed in contact with the sample while the dc bias is applied to the sample (inset Figure 3a). A decrease in the local tip–sample resistance resulting from applying a bias is visible from the hysteresis in the I–V curves, which is consistently observed

• between the trace (1) and retrace (2) dc bias sweeps. The amplitude of the hysteresis depends on the local concentration and mobility of Li under the tip. Figure 3a shows the example of two I–V curves acquired (1) in a pristine area (green trace) and (2) in a region that was previously scanned with the

• tip positively biased at 10 V (red trace). The large hysteresis observed in the second case, demonstrates that by stressing the sample surface with a negative dc sample bias a strong depletion of Li ions occurs such that a higher resistance change can be obtained under the tip while attracting the Li

Interaction-tailored organization of large-area colloidal assemblies

• Silvia Rizzato,
• Elisabetta Primiceri,
• Anna Grazia Monteduro,
• Adriano Colombelli,
• Angelo Leo,
• Maria Grazia Manera,
• Roberto Rella and
• Giuseppe Maruccio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1582–1593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.150

• theoretically driven route for a feasible fabrication of metal nanostructures has been demonstrated with this work. Concerning magnetic samples and their properties, a hysteresis loop of cobalt nanoholes is presented in Figure 5d as obtained by magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE) measurements – a ferromagnetic

• magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE) hysteresis loops of the 80 nm cobalt nanohole sample. Colloidal film samples prepared in this work, given with relevant experimental details. Coverage as a function of particle diameter/concentration and salt concentration. The absorption time was 10 min in all cases.

Field-controlled ultrafast magnetization dynamics in two-dimensional nanoscale ferromagnetic antidot arrays

• Anulekha De,
• Sucheta Mondal,
• Sourav Sahoo,
• Saswati Barman,
• Yoshichika Otani,
• Rajib Kumar Mitra and
• Anjan Barman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1123–1134, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.104

• hysteresis and anisotropy properties of Ni80Fe20 (a permalloy, noted as Py hereafter) antidot lattices with hexagonal symmetry by the influence of the hole size, lattice packing fraction and scale factor via micromagnetic numerical approach [27]. Bi-component or filled antidot lattices can tune the SW

Magnetic characterization of cobalt nanowires and square nanorings fabricated by focused electron beam induced deposition

• Federico Venturi,
• Gian Carlo Gazzadi,
• Amir H. Tavabi,
• Alberto Rota,
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski and
• Stefano Frabboni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1040–1049, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.97

• almost square hysteresis loops, with coercivities of ca. 10 mT. The nanorings show two different magnetization states: for low values of the applied in-plane field (0.02 T) a horseshoe state is observed using L-TEM, while for higher values of the applied in-plane field (0.3 T) an onion state is observed

• of a square hysteresis loop with a coercive field of approximately 10 mT. L-TEM images of square nanorings revealed a horseshoe magnetic state, which could be changed to an opposite horseshoe state by reversing the magnetic field applied in situ. By increasing the external magnetic field and

• leftwards along the NW in (c) and (d) as the specimen tilt angle is increased, thus increasing the leftward-oriented component of the lens field in the sample plane (Beff). Blue and red arrows mark the opposite magnetic domains M1 and M2, respectively. (e) Hysteresis loop of the NW measured as a function of

Single-crystalline FeCo nanoparticle-filled carbon nanotubes: synthesis, structural characterization and magnetic properties

• Rasha Ghunaim,
• Maik Scholz,
• Christine Damm,
• Bernd Rellinghaus,
• Rüdiger Klingeler,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Michael Mertig and
• Silke Hampel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1024–1034, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.95

• first filling approach. The same explanation applies for the annealed samples. The symmetry in the shape of the hysteresis loops indicates the good stability of the prepared samples against oxidation. As known, these particles are subject to oxidation when they are exposed to air unless they are

• nanocomposite in which the CNT mass start to decrease at T ≈ 530 °C. Hysteresis curves measured at a) 300 K and c) 5 K for the annealed and the as-prepared Fe50Co50@CNT material prepared by the first and second approaches. Data are normalized to the amount of magnetic material as obtained from the TGA

• measurements. Enlarged view of the hysteresis curves in b) 300 K and d) 5 K show the variation of the material hardness upon annealing. Physical properties of the magnetic nanoparticles under study. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 70: EDX Measurements. Acknowledgements The authors thank C

Enzymatically promoted release of organic molecules linked to magnetic nanoparticles

• Chiara Lambruschini,
• Silvia Villa,
• Luca Banfi,
• Fabio Canepa,
• Fabio Morana,
• Annalisa Relini,
• Paola Riani,
• Renata Riva and
• Fulvio Silvetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 986–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.92

• hysteresis cycles at 300 K. In particular, we examined the nanoparticles NP@APTES alone and the conjugates 13 (with the azelate spacer) before and after the Boc deblocking and the enzymatic cleavage (Figure 5). Saturation magnetization values of about 60 emu/g were observed for all the samples, confirming

• -superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer (Magnetic Properties Measurement System, Quantum Design) with resolution better than 10−7 emu. The room temperature magnetic hysteresis cycles were obtained in the 0–5 Tesla μ0H magnetic field range. DLS measurements were performed using a Zetasizer

• temperature magnetic hysteresis cycle for NP@APTES, the azelate conjugated nanoparticles (13) and 13 after Boc cleavage and trypsin treatment. In the inset the saturation magnetization in an enlarged scale is shown. Synthesis of peptide specifier. Abbreviations: DCC – dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; HOBT – 1

Automated image segmentation-assisted flattening of atomic force microscopy images

• Yuliang Wang,
• Tongda Lu,
• Xiaolai Li and
• Huimin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 975–985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.91

• exhibited in AFM images. Additionally, some other factors, such as hysteresis (Figure 1c), creep (Figure 1d), and nonlinearity (Figure 1e) of x–y and z-scanners and vibration from the environment can also cause distortion and artifacts in AFM images [20][22][23][24]. AFM images generally display a tilting

• present in AFM images. (a) Schematic diagram of an AFM system, consisting of an x–y and a z-scanner. (b–e) Mechanism of distortion and artifacts caused by thermal drift, hysteresis, creep, and nonlinearity of a scanner. Illustration of the proposed method for AFM image flattening. (a) Sketch of a