Nanoconjugates of a calixresorcinarene derivative with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) fragments for drug encapsulation

• Alina M. Ermakova,
• Julia E. Morozova,
• Yana V. Shalaeva,
• Victor V. Syakaev,
• Aidar T. Gubaidullin,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Vladimir V. Zobov,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Olga B. Bazanova,
• Igor S. Antipin and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2057–2070, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.195

• fragments [32] and appear due to the reaction conditions (see Experimental section). Because of the presence of mPEG groups, compound 3 can be considered a non-ionic surfactant. It is known, that in aqueous solutions of non-ionic surfactants increasing temperatures leads to phase separation. There are two

• phases at the critical temperature (cloud point, Tc) in the solution, one of which is saturated by surfactant molecules and another one is almost surfactant-free. At Tc, dehydration of hydrophilic groups occurs and the interaction of inter- and intramolecular H-bonds among the surfactant is increased

Fabrication of photothermally active poly(vinyl alcohol) films with gold nanostars for antibacterial applications

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Maria Moros,
• Claudia Tortiglione,
• Serena Bertoldi,
• Nicola Contessi,
• Silvia Faré,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Agnese D’Agostino,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2040–2048, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.193

• technique in the presence of a non-ionic surfactant, Triton X-100, according to a well-established protocol reported by our group previously [24]. An example of a typical TEM image of the resulting GNSs is provided in Supporting Information File 1 (Figure S1). Different from the GNSs obtained using the

• photothermal effect [6][24]. Moreover, the LSPR peak located in the second biotransparent window (1000–1400 nm) is more attractive for in vivo applications due to the deeper penetration of NIR light [26]. Since GNSs are weakly stable if coated only with surfactant, and also considering the cytotoxicity of

• surfactants, they were coated with either SH-PEG5000–OCH3 or SH-PEG5000–COOH before being incorporated in the PVA matrix, as PEGylation of gold nanostars leads to enhanced stability [9][10] and complete surfactant removal [6][8].The aqueous solutions of PEGylated GNSs were prepared with 0.6 mg/mL Au

Controllable one-pot synthesis of uniform colloidal TiO₂ particles in a mixed solvent solution for photocatalysis

• Jong Tae Moon,
• Seung Ki Lee and
• Ji Bong Joo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1715–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.163

• process. Varying the ratio of solvent composition, the concentration of surfactant and TiO2 precursor was used to control the particle diameter, degree of monodispersity and morphology. The modification of the calcination temperature affected the crystallinity and crystalline phase of the colloidal TiO2

• oxide particles, such as SiO2, ZrO2 and TiO2 that have well-controlled characteristics [15][30][31]. We have previously reported a reproducible sol–gel coating method for producing SiO2@TiO2 core–shell nanostructures in the presence of a surfactant in pure ethanol solution [7][8]. In addition, another

• Uniform colloidal TiO2 particles can be synthesized by a modified sol–gel synthesis followed by calcination under atmospheric conditions. The synthesis is conducted in the ethanol–acetonitrile mixed solvent phase in the presence of a surfactant and base catalysts for the hydrolysis and condensation of the

Surface characterization of nanoparticles using near-field light scattering

• Eunsoo Yoo,
• Yizhong Liu,
• Chukwuazam A. Nwasike,
• Sebastian R. Freeman,
• Brian C. DiPaolo,
• Bernardo Cordovez and
• Amber L. Doiron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1228–1238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.114

• velocity and drag force (i.e., each of the groups are labelled with a volume that corresponds to the volume in μL of 10× PBS buffer in 10 mL water). In order to measure PEG-SPIOs, 1% pluronic (Pluronic F-68) surfactant was added to all solutions. Uncoated SPIOs were unstable under the same conditions as

• are attached to the chip through the o-rings that are sealed around the through-holes on the back of the chip. Therefore, flow control is attained through a pressure-regulated vacuum pump. The microfluidic chips can be reused by washing with buffer of 1% pluronic F-68 surfactant in 0.22 μm filtered

Understanding the performance and mechanism of Mg-containing oxides as support catalysts in the thermal dry reforming of methane

• Nor Fazila Khairudin,
• Mohd Farid Fahmi Sukri,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1162–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.108

• performance showed high stability for up to 400 h of reaction. Fan et al. [52] carried out DRM over a Ni–Co/MgO–ZrO2 catalyst synthesized by applying impregnation and surfactant-assisted impregnation methods. Reportedly, MgO stabilized t-ZrO2 and influenced the particle size. Furthermore, the addition of MgO

Facile chemical routes to mesoporous silver substrates for SERS analysis

• Elina A. Tastekova,
• Alexander Y. Polyakov,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Alexander V. Sidorov,
• Alexandra A. Oshmyanskaya,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Dmitry V. Shtansky,
• Wolgang Grünert and
• Anastasia V. Grigorieva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 880–889, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.82

• role as surfactant, partly blocking the nucleation at (100) facets if the prevalent growth mechanism is normal or lateral layer-by-layer growth [28]. Presumably, the PVP adsorbates remained at the Ag2O crystallite surface after the washing procedure. Remarkably, the porous polyhedron-like silver

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

• –Ce species on CNT using an in situ (reflux) method. In this method, poly(sodium 4-styrenesulonate) (PSS) was used as surfactant during the synthesis of the catalyst in order to assist with the dispersion of CNTs in aqueous solution and to maintain its stability. From the experimental activities, it

Cyclodextrin-assisted synthesis of tailored mesoporous silica nanoparticles

• Fuat Topuz and
• Tamer Uyar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 693–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.64

• influenced by the type of additives used, e.g., solvent and pore-templating agent. Here, we studied the influence of cyclodextrin (CD) molecules on the formation of MSNs. The nanoparticles over 100 nm in diameter were synthesized by surfactant-templated, hydrolysis–polycondensation reactions in the presence

• a highly challenging task to date. MSNs are commonly synthesized by surfactant-templated sol–gel reactions [12][13]. In this regard, mesoporous silica nanospheres are the most commonly used form of silica particles that are produced using a pore templating agent, such as cetyltrimethylammonium

• structures were produced using a combination of CTAB surfactant, ethylene glycol solvent and NH4OH as the catalyst. MSNs were also reported in branched forms using organosilane precursors in a one-pot, CTAB-directed sol–gel synthesis [17]. For such a system, increasing the ethyl acetate concentration led to

Tuning adhesion forces between functionalized gold colloidal nanoparticles and silicon AFM tips: role of ligands and capillary forces

• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Marta Berholts,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 660–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.61

• by a surfactant such as sodium citrate to obtain 10 nm diameter particle, for instance, and then, the thin layer of citrate molecules is exchanged by the thiol layer: this process is favorable as Au has a stronger affinity with thiol than carboxylic groups of sodium citrate molecules [43]. A two-step

Optimisation of purification techniques for the preparation of large-volume aqueous solar nanoparticle inks for organic photovoltaics

• Furqan Almyahi,
• Thomas R. Andersen,
• Nathan A. Cooling,
• Natalie P. Holmes,
• Matthew J. Griffith,
• Krishna Feron,
• Xiaojing Zhou,
• Warwick J. Belcher and
• Paul C. Dastoor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 649–659, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.60

• processes: centrifugal and crossflow ultrafiltration. The impact of purification is twofold: firstly, removal of excess sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant from the ink and, secondly, concentration of the photoactive components in the ink. The removal of SDS was studied in detail both by a UV–vis

• : aqueous nanoparticle; crossflow ultrafiltration; miniemulsion; organic photovoltaic; SDS surfactant; surface tension; Introduction Organic photovoltaics (OPV) are a promising energy technology that utilizes large-scale roll-to-roll (R2R) fabrication techniques (such as slot-die coating, flexographical

• industrial potential of this method. Method 2: The mini-emulsion method: This method involves ultrasonic mixing of the two-phase organic–aqueous system in the presence of a surfactant, which is commonly sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), to produce the mini-emulsion [10]. The presence of free (unbound) SDS in the

Facile phase transfer of gold nanorods and nanospheres stabilized with block copolymers

• Yaroslav I. Derikov,
• Georgiy A. Shandryuk,
• Raisa V. Talroze,
• Alexander A. Ezhov and
• Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 616–627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.58

• due to van der Waals interactions, so their stabilization requires the use of bulky surfactant molecules [24][25][26] or polymers with a strongly binding groups via grafting-to [27][28], grafting-from [4] and grafting-around [29] approaches, hyperbranched polymers [30] or polymers with a significant

Engineering of oriented carbon nanotubes in composite materials

• Razieh Beigmoradi,
• Abdolreza Samimi and
• Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 415–435, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.41

• , produced by using a surfactant such as sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), is dropped on a thin silicon layer that has gap-cell electrodes. An acoustic field is applied to the drops and aligns the CNTs (Figure 18). An electrical circuit is completed by creating a bridge of CNTs between the electrodes

Dielectric properties of a bisimidazolium salt with dodecyl sulfate anion doped with carbon nanotubes

• Doina Manaila Maximean,
• Viorel Cîrcu and
• Constantin Paul Ganea

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 164–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.19

• ][3]. There is a growing interest in ILs based on imidazolium cations. Particular attention is paid to the flexibly or rigidly linked bisimidazolium salts, the so-called gemini ILs. Gemini ILs can show interesting surfactant and liquid crystalline properties [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] and such

Transition from silicene monolayer to thin Si films on Ag(111): comparison between experimental data and Monte Carlo simulation

• Alberto Curcella,
• Romain Bernard,
• Yves Borensztein,
• Silvia Pandolfi and
• Geoffroy Prévot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 48–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.7

• regime where multilayer silicene has been claimed to form (470–500 K), a good agreement is found with AES intensity variations and STM measurements within a Ag surfactant mediated growth, whereas a model with multilayer silicene growth fails to reproduce the AES measurements. Keywords: Auger electron

• honeycomb-chained triangle (HCT) reconstruction observed on a Ag/Si(111) surface, it has been hypothesized that the observed films could result from the growth of diamond-like Si with Ag acting as a surfactant [28]. Such conclusions were also supported by low energy electron diffraction (LEED) [29][30

• , has been proposed [37][38]. At low temperature (T = 470 K), multilayer silicene would form, without Ag at the surface, whereas diamond-like growth would occur at high temperature (T = 570 K), with Ag acting as a surfactant. Thus, open questions remain on the nature of the films formed as a function of

Impact of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on purification and contamination of nematic liquid crystals

• Dmitrii Pavlovich Shcherbinin and
• Elena A. Konshina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2766–2770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.275

• , Moscow) with low initial ionic contamination (LC1). The ionic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr) was added to the same LC to produce a LC with high ionic conductivity (LC2). The surfactant dissolves in LCs and dissociates on Br− and CTA+ ions [31]. The concentration of CTABr in LC2 was

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

• Ioannis Kanelidis and
• Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

• variety of shapes have been created, including spheres [3][4][5], rods [6][7], wires [8][9], belts [10][11], plates [12][13], and cubes [14]. Synthetic approaches include electrochemical deposition [15], surfactant addition [16], hydrothermal reduction [17], soft templates in solution [6], polymer

• formation of gold nanorods with controllable aspect ratios. In the presence of CTAB alone, rods with a broad size distribution formed (see above [65]) in a mixture with other shapes. An improved protocol with a binary surfactant mixture of CTAB and sodium oleate led to gold nanorods with a narrower size

• the silver NPs with surfactants resulted in surfactant-coated particles and increased the composite conductivity to 2 × 105 S/cm compared to untreated silver nanoparticles (5 × 10−7 S/cm). Sintering at 150 °C further improved conductivity [137]. Jiang et al. reported the effects of ligand length on

Nanoprofilometry study of focal conic domain structures in a liquid crystalline free surface

• Anna N. Bagdinova,
• Evgeny I. Demikhov,
• Nataliya G. Borisenko and
• Sergei M. Tolokonnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2544–2551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.254

• the elastic moduli of liquid crystals. The shear modulus, G, is given as where C and C1 are scaling constants depending on surfactant, t is the relative temperature, γ is the surface tension coefficient of the free surface with FCDs, and L is the FCD dimension. This relation underlines that the

Surfactant-induced enhancement of droplet adhesion in superhydrophobic soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves

• Oliver Hagedorn,
• Ingo Fleute-Schlachter,
• Hans Georg Mainx,
• Viktoria Zeisler-Diehl and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2345–2356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.234

• hairs on the leaves. Agnique® SBO10 and the nonionic surfactant XP ED 75 increased the droplet adhesion and caused an increase of the TA from 20.9° to 85° and 90°, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy showed that surfactants with a hydrophilic–lipophilic balance value below 10 caused a size

• different ages has recently been studied by Moran-Puente and Baur [41]. They found static contact angles for water of 149° (adaxial leaf side) with a trend showing a decrease of this value during leaf maturation. Large variations in the CA of water and various concentrations of water–surfactant mixtures

• 28-11 and XP ED 28-12) and consequently more hydrophilic properties showed no measurable differences to water-treated samples. However, the surfactant XP ED 28-14 also has a high HLB value, but it showed a reduction in the density and height of the EWC correlated to an increase of the TA and a

Enhancement of mechanical and electrical properties of continuous-fiber-reinforced epoxy composites with stacked graphene

• Naum Naveh,
• Olga Shepelev and
• Samuel Kenig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1909–1918, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.191

• viscosity. This effect was less obvious with carbon or glass fibers, due to the lower surface energy of the carbon fibers or some incompatibility with the glass-fiber sizing. Proper choice of the surfactant and fine-tuning of the crosslink density at the interphase may provide further enhancements in thermo

• . The morphology is thermodynamically driven, and the proper choice of the surfactant controls the localization of SG at the interface. However, a higher concentration of SG on the fibers does not translate into better mechanical properties. Composites with Polyol 4200 or Triton X-15 show the highest

• deterioration of the properties of the laminated composite. After the addition of epoxy-functionalized silane GLYMO as a surfactant to the matrix composition the values of DMA storage moduli, Young's modulus and stress at yield were restored. Interesting results were observed with the non-ionic hydrophobic SAA

Fabrication of carbon nanospheres by the pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile–poly(methyl methacrylate) core–shell composite nanoparticles

• Dafu Wei,
• Youwei Zhang and
• Jinping Fu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1897–1908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.190

• nanoparticles. Firstly, PAN–PMMA nanoparticles at high concentration and low surfactant content were controllably synthesized by a two-stage azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN)-initiated semicontinuous emulsion polymerization. The carbon nanospheres were obtained after the PAN core domain was converted into carbon

• . In this study, PAN-based carbon nanopsheres were fabricated from the PAN–PMMA core–shell nanoparticles precursor. Specifically, PAN–PMMA core–shell latexes at high concentration and low surfactant content were first synthesized via a two-stage AIBN-initiated semicontinuous emulsion polymerization

• surfactant content [39]. Here, a PAN nanolatex with an average diameter of 96 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.03 at an AN concentration of 100 g/L (based on the volume of water) and an SDS content of 3.3% (based on the weight of monomers) was firstly fabricated by the novel emulsion polymerization

Synthesis and functionalization of NaGdF₄:Yb,Er@NaGdF₄ core–shell nanoparticles for possible application as multimodal contrast agents

• Dovile Baziulyte-Paulaviciene,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas,
• Marius Stasys,
• Greta Jarockyte,
• Vilius Poderys,
• Simas Sakirzanovas and
• Ricardas Rotomskis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1815–1824, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.183

• . The mean diameter of the synthesized core and core–shell nanoparticles was ≈8 and ≈16 nm, respectively. Hydrophobic UCNPs were converted into hydrophilic ones using a nonionic surfactant Tween 80. The successful coating of the UCNPs by Tween 80 has been confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR

• that the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 helps different nanoparticles (gold, silver and iron oxide) to become well-dispersed in aqueous solution even in the presence of biological molecules, such as different serum proteins [19][20][21]. However, information about Tween 80-coated gadolinium-based UCNPs

• demonstrate the effective surface modification method that uses a surfactant polysorbate 80 (Tween 80, polyoxyethylene sorbitan laurate). Hexagonal phase β-NaGdF4 was chosen as host lattice for its ability to combine optical and MRI. Tween 80 was used to make the UCNPs colloidally stable and dispersible in

Near-infrared-responsive, superparamagnetic Au@Co nanochains

• Varadee Vittur,
• Arati G. Kolhatkar,
• Shreya Shah,
• Irene Rusakova,
• Dmitri Litvinov and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1680–1687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.168

• ]. By varying the surfactant added, we were able to obtain Au-coated Co nanochains. As the standard reduction potentials for the AuCl4−/Au pair is much higher than that of the Co2+/Co pair, Co nanoparticles were immediately oxidized to Co2+ when the K–gold solution was added. Given the rapid nature of

Two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites for photocatalytic energy generation and environmental remediation applications

• Suneel Kumar,
• Ashish Kumar,
• Ashish Bahuguna,
• Vipul Sharma and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1571–1600, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.159

• , wherein micro- and nanostructures assemble spontaneously by supramolecular interactions to form larger functional units [58]. This self-assembly of nanoparticles is very useful for various applications. In the surfactant-assisted ternary self-assembly of metal oxides with functionalized graphene sheets

• , an anionic surfactant gets adsorbed on the surface of graphene sheets and helps in the dispersion of graphene sheets. Then, the surfactant micelles with graphene sheets bind with metal cations and hence act as building block for self-assembly of metal oxides. Finally metal oxides become crystallized

Development of polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery

• Gamze Varan,
• Juan M. Benito,
• Carmen Ortiz Mellet and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1457–1468, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.145

• during chemotherapy. Amphiphilic cyclodextrins are favored oligosaccharides as drug delivery systems for anticancer drugs, having the ability to spontaneously form nanoparticles without surfactant or co-solvents. In the past few years, polycationic, amphiphilic cyclodextrins were introduced as effective

• -formulation studies were used as a basis for selecting the suitable organic solvent and surfactant concentration for the novel polycationic cyclodextrin nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were then extensively characterized with particle size distribution, polydispersity index, zeta potential, drug loading

• optimized for selection of organic solvent, ratio of organic phase to aqueous phase and surfactant concentration to obtain monodisperse particles with a diameter range around 80 to 125 nm. Intended as chemotherapeutic nanocarriers, various PCX-loaded amphiphilic CD nanoparticles were also evaluated for

Cationic PEGylated polycaprolactone nanoparticles carrying post-operation docetaxel for glioma treatment

• Cem Varan and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1446–1456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.144

• may be effective for the spontaneous formation of nanoparticles at the interface and at obtaining a smaller particle size. Another important parameter affecting the final nanoparticle properties is reported to be the presence and concentration of the surfactant, which can influence particle size

• distribution and surface properties. According to the results in Table 2, the addition of surfactant did not reduce the particle size; on the contrary, the mean particle size significantly increased proportional to the concentration of PF68 for both polymer PCL and mePEG-PCL (p < 0.05). Although it has been

• shown in literature that addition of surfactant causes increased solubility of polymer in aqueous media and decreases the particle size [60], the exact opposite of this situation has been found, too [61]. In our studies, the addition of surfactant for both nanoparticle formulations may have led to the