Gas sensing properties of individual SnO₂ nanowires and SnO₂ sol–gel nanocomposites

• Alexey V. Shaposhnik,
• Dmitry A. Shaposhnik,
• Sergey Yu. Turishchev,
• Olga A. Chuvenkova,
• Stanislav V. Ryabtsev,
• Alexey A. Vasiliev,
• Xavier Vilanova,
• Francisco Hernandez-Ramirez and
• Joan R. Morante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1380–1390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.136

• of the coherence area, which is determined by the crystallinity of the structure. Nanowires formed by the vapor–liquid–solid mechanism have high and narrow peaks, confirming their monocrystalline structure. In contrast, the nanopowders exhibit low and wide peaks, demonstrating their disordered

Tailoring the magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles using the polyol process

• Malek Bibani,
• Romain Breitwieser,
• Alex Aubert,
• Vincent Loyau,
• Silvana Mercone,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1166–1176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.116

• crystallinity, with NPs acting as nucleating points. Also, as established by Costa et al., the presence of these NPs promotes the crystallization of PVDF in its β-phase, the most electroactive one, instead of its other allotropic forms [10]. Finally, another improvement consists in making the size of the

• the samples was found to be between 141 K (smallest NPs) and 315 K (biggest NPs). Moreover, the biggest NPs exhibited a saturation magnetization very close to that of the bulk (85 emu·g−1 vs 90–95 emu·g−1) indicating a very high crystallinity despite the small size of the NPs. Baldi et al. prepared

A highly efficient porous rod-like Ce-doped ZnO photocatalyst for the degradation of dye contaminants in water

• Binjing Hu,
• Qiang Sun,
• Chengyi Zuo,
• Yunxin Pei,
• Siwei Yang,
• Hui Zheng and
• Fangming Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1157–1165, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.115

• 3 h. Characterization The XRD patterns of pure ZnO and CZO-4 are given in Figure 3. It can be found that the sharp peaks of ZnO, which indicates a high degree of crystallinity, are located at 2θ values of 31.5, 34.05, 35.9, 47.2, 56.3, 62.6, 66.08, 67.64, 68.84 finely corresponding to the (100

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• . Synthesis strategies of hierarchically designed TiO2 and ZnO nanoarchitectures with controlled morphology, crystallinity, anisotropic shape, and composition have been investigated recently. The aim was to obtain accessible and interconnected porous networks with increased specific surface area for the

CuInSe₂ quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy on amorphous SiO₂ surfaces

• Henrique Limborço,
• Pedro M.P. Salomé,
• Rodrigo Ribeiro-Andrade,
• Jennifer P. Teixeira,
• Nicoleta Nicoara,
• Kamal Abderrafi,
• Joaquim P. Leitão,
• Juan C. Gonzalez and
• Sascha Sadewasser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1103–1111, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.110

• confirmed the crystallinity of the nanodots as well as chemical composition and structure compatible with tetragonal CuInSe2. Photoluminescence measurements of CdS-passivated nanodots showed that the nanodots are optoelectronically active with a broad emission extending to energies above the CuInSe2 bulk

Co-doped MnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles: magnetic anisotropy and interparticle interactions

• Bagher Aslibeiki,
• Parviz Kameli,
• Hadi Salamati,
• Giorgio Concas,
• Maria Salvador Fernandez,
• Alessandro Talone,
• Giuseppe Muscas and
• Davide Peddis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 856–865, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.86

• low temperature, not higher than 350 °C) allows nanoparticles to be produced with good control of size and crystallinity in large scale (i.e., tens of grams), much more than can be provided by conventional chemical approaches (usually limited to 100–300 mg). Therefore this method can be easily

Synthesis of MnO₂–CuO–Fe₂O₃/CNTs catalysts: low-temperature SCR activity and formation mechanism

• Yanbing Zhang,
• Lihua Liu,
• Yingzan Chen,
• Xianglong Cheng,
• Chengjian Song,
• Mingjie Ding and
• Haipeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 848–855, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.85

• shown in the results of NO conversion (Figure 1) and our previous studies [6][16][17]. In the case of Mn–Cu–FeOx/CNTs-IWIM, a series of peaks corresponding to Mn3O4 (PDF#18-0803) can be seen. Metal oxide catalysts with higher crystallinity show a smaller catalytic activity [20]. This is corroborated by

On the transformation of “zincone”-like into porous ZnO thin films from sub-saturated plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition

• Alberto Perrotta,
• Julian Pilz,
• Stefan Pachmajer,
• Antonella Milella and
• Anna Maria Coclite

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 746–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.74

• . Moreover, the crystallinity and crystallite orientation could be tuned, ranging from a powder-like to a (100) preferential growth in the out-of-plane direction, as measured by synchrotron-radiation grazing incidence XRD. Calcination temperature ranges were identified in which pore formation and subsequent

• 400 °C, showing significant loss of material starting from 200 °C. However, the crystallinity and crystal growth of the resulting porous ZnO structure were not investigated. In different systems, studying the evolution of Ti alkoxide upon pyrolysis in inert atmosphere, Abdulagatov et al. [11] showed

• an inhibition of the crystal formation in the resulting TiO2 layers, and the authors attributed this to the amorphous titania being constrained in the organic matrix. As a consequence, an investigation of the crystallinity of Zn-alkoxide layers would shed a light on the evolution of the ZnO crystals

Outstanding chain-extension effect and high UV resistance of polybutylene succinate containing amino-acid-modified layered double hydroxides

• Adam A. Marek,
• Vincent Verney,
• Christine Taviot-Gueho,
• Grazia Totaro,
• Laura Sisti,
• Annamaria Celli and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 684–695, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.68

• -acid-modified Mg2Al LDHs and Mg2Al LDH nitrate were prepared by melt extrusion. The XRD patterns are presented in Figure 6 together with PBS without filler as a reference. The diffraction peaks located at 2θ = 18–30°, which are characteristic for the crystallinity of PBS, seem to not be affected by the

• filler structure can be explained by their lower crystallinity or by a partial exfoliation occurring during thermal processing. For PBS–LDH/HIS, there is an additional peak at 2θ = 18° that is difficult to assign. Its associated small full width at half maximum (FWHM) may be attributed to rather

Ultrathin hydrophobic films based on the metal organic framework UiO-66-COOH(Zr)

• Miguel A. Andrés,
• Clemence Sicard,
• Christian Serre,
• Olivier Roubeau and
• Ignacio Gascón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 654–665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.65

• position and cover MOF particles. Moreover, the presence of MOF particles significantly enhances the surface roughness and allows ultrathin, hydrophobic coverage to be obtained. Finally, it has been shown that the crystallinity and the porosity of the MOF remains almost unaltered in MOF/ODP films

• similar to that of mixed film UiO-66-COOH(Zr) + 10 wt % ODP, which is in good agreement with the results reported for other Zr-based MOFs that do not result in significantly reduced adsorption capacity after modification with ODP [34]. To confirm that the addition of ODP does not alter the crystallinity

• particles without significantly affecting the porosity or crystallinity since both properties are intimately linked in a MOF. Finally, it should also be mentioned that the CO2 adsorption capacity at 1 bar for an LB film is similar to that of drop-cast samples but the relative deviations in the measurements

Hydrophilicity and carbon chain length effects on the gas sensing properties of chemoresistive, self-assembled monolayer carbon nanotube sensors

• Juan Casanova-Cháfer,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Eduard Llobet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 565–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.58

• will be discussed in detail below. The crystallinity of oxygen-plasma-treated MWCNTs decorated with gold nanoparticles was characterized by Raman spectroscopy. Taking the intensity ratio of the D/G bands into consideration, the material presents a low level of crystallinity with defects caused by the

Nanocomposite–parylene C thin films with high dielectric constant and low losses for future organic electronic devices

• Marwa Mokni,
• Gianluigi Maggioni,
• Abdelkader Kahouli,
• Sara M. Carturan,
• Walter Raniero and
• Alain Sylvestre

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 428–441, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.42

• modifies the film density as well as the degree of crystallinity and the size of parylene C crystallites. Moreover, silver is incorporated in the parylene matrix as an oxide phase. The average size of the Ag oxide nanoparticles is lower than 20 nm and influences the roughness of the NCPC films. Samples

• crystallinity than sample O, as highlighted by the shift of the (020) peak to a larger 2θ angle (Figure 3, left) and by the larger nanocrystallite size (reduction in the FWHM, see Table 2). Typically, when comparing two similar polymers with just a change in the degree of crystallinity, the most important

• number of dipoles participating in the β-relaxation process: the higher the degree of crystallinity for a given polymer, the lower the number of dipoles involved in the relaxation mechanism (as these dipoles are ‘frozen’ in the semi-crystalline state). Consequently, Δε decreases at increasing degrees of

Improving control of carbide-derived carbon microstructure by immobilization of a transition-metal catalyst within the shell of carbide/carbon core–shell structures

• Teguh Ariyanto,
• Jan Glaesel,
• Andreas Kern,
• Gui-Rong Zhang and
• Bastian J. M. Etzold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 419–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.41

• crystallinity and pore structure of the resulting carbide-derived carbon materials. In this sense, the content of graphitic carbon could be varied from 10–90 wt % as estimated from TPO measurements and resulting in a specific surface area ranging from 1500 to 300 m2·g−1. Keywords: carbon shell; catalytic

• structure. The reason is that graphitic carbon consists of crystalline sp2-hybridized fractions that induce high electron conductivity. Moreover, an enhanced crystallinity is favorable in terms of chemical stability, which is required especially when working under harsh conditions. Many synthetic approaches

• contrast to TPO, XRD and TEM, no strong differences in crystallinity of the samples can be observed by using Raman spectroscopy. All spectra are characterized by the presence of two more or less overlapping D- and G-bands centered at ca. 1325 and 1583 cm−1. CDC-Ni0 shows a slightly higher level of disorder

Biocompatible organic–inorganic hybrid materials based on nucleobases and titanium developed by molecular layer deposition

• Leva Momtazi,
• Henrik H. Sønsteby and
• Ola Nilsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 399–411, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.39

• thickness and refractive index indicates that the films are restructured to a less dense structure. However, XRD analysis did not show any sign of crystallinity for both types of as-deposited films (deposited at 225 °C). The thickness and index of refraction for the Ti-adenine system was virtually

• investigated by XRD. While the Ti-thymine film deposited at 225 °C did not show any sign of crystallinity by XRD, the Ti-thymine film deposited at 250 °C showed two distinct XRD reflections at 2θ below 15 degrees (with d values of 12.44 Å and 6.22 Å). These are clear multiples of each other and possibly

• containing thymine or titanium oxide. Overall, a more in-depth investigation of the structure of the Ti-thymine films should be performed. No sign of crystallinity was observed for Ti-adenine and Ti-uracil by AFM or XRD. We used XPS as a qualitative investigation of the chemical state in the thin films prior

Integration of LaMnO_3+δ films on platinized silicon substrates for resistive switching applications by PI-MOCVD

• Raquel Rodriguez-Lamas,
• Dolors Pla,
• Odette Chaix-Pluchery,
• Benjamin Meunier,
• Fabrice Wilhelm,
• Andrei Rogalev,
• Laetitia Rapenne,
• Xavier Mescot,
• Quentin Rafhay,
• Hervé Roussel,
• Michel Boudard,
• Carmen Jiménez and
• Mónica Burriel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 389–398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.38

• crystallinity whereas above 700 °C, diffusion of Pt across the film occurred, which may lead to short circuits in the final LMO-based device. The samples corresponding to this strategy are depicted as red squares in Figure 2. The points inside the shadowed green region correspond to deposition conditions for

One-step nonhydrolytic sol–gel synthesis of mesoporous TiO₂ phosphonate hybrid materials

• Yanhui Wang,
• P. Hubert Mutin and
• Johan G. Alauzun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 356–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.35

• –octylphosphonate hybrid materials in one step (Scheme 1). The different characterization methods allow us to better understand the structure of these hybrid materials. The presence of even a relatively small amount of phosphonate units strongly influences the size and crystallinity of the TiO2 domains. For P/Ti

Site-specific growth of oriented ZnO nanocrystal arrays

• Rekha Bai,
• Dinesh K. Pandya,
• Sujeet Chaudhary,
• Veer Dhaka,
• Vladislav Khayrudinov,
• Jori Lemettinen,
• Christoffer Kauppinen and
• Harri Lipsanen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 274–280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.26

• detector in scanning line mode. The surface morphology of the prepared samples was investigated by using a field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) using a Zeiss Supra 40 device. A JEOL 2200FS transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to investigate the crystallinity of the NCs. Results

• ,e. The corresponding high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) image is recorded to further investigate the morphological characteristics of ZnO NCs. The observed sharp lattice fringes in the HRTEM image reveal the good crystallinity of twinned ZnO NCs. This is possibly due to the low ion flux arriving at the

• of the wurtzite phase of ZnO (JCPDS 05-0664), which is well in agreement with the XRD results (Figure 3). Moreover, the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern (Figure 4d) reveals the excellent crystallinity of ZnO NCs and confirms the growth of the c-axis normal to the substrate in these

Interaction of Te and Se interlayers with Ag or Au nanofilms in sandwich structures

• Arkadiusz Ciesielski,
• Lukasz Skowronski,
• Marek Trzcinski,
• Ewa Górecka,
• Wojciech Pacuski and
• Tomasz Szoplik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 238–246, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.22

• the crystallinity, atomic concentration profile and optical parameters of ≈35 nm-thick silver and gold layers deposited on glass substrates with 2 nm-thick tellurium or selenium interlayers. Our study, based on X-ray reflectometry (XRR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS

• migrate only in silver. The Te concentration curve clearly suggests that this migration is an effect of the segregation of Te atoms in the silver structure. The differences in crystallinity, as well as the migration process, strongly influence the optical parameters of Ag and Au. In the permittivity of Ag

• of developed voids, which is linked with the density profile, may strongly influence the segregation characteristics. Here, we report on XRD and XRR measurements to investigate the crystallinity of Ag and Au nanolayers deposited on SiO2 substrates with 2 nm-thick Te or Se interlayers. XPS allowed us

Raman study of flash-lamp annealed aqueous Cu₂ZnSnS₄ nanocrystals

• Yevhenii Havryliuk,
• Oleksandr Selyshchev,
• Mykhailo Valakh,
• Alexandra Raevskaya,
• Oleksandr Stroyuk,
• Constance Schmidt,
• Volodymyr Dzhagan and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 222–227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.20

• as stabilizers. We establish the range of FLA conditions providing an efficient re-crystallization in the thin film of NCs, while preserving their kesterite structure and improving their crystallinity remarkably. The formation of secondary phases at higher FLA power densities, as well as the

• , up to 60 J/cm2, on NC films deposited on a glass substrate by drop-casting. The influence of film thickness and crystallinity of the initial NCs (before FLA) was also studied. Raman scattering was chosen as a main characterization method in this work, because it has already proved to be very

• sample area. From the same FWHM of Raman bands of both inks we can conclude that the degree of crystallinity is not significantly affected by the post-synthesis heating of the NC solution. The spatial inhomogeneity of the films formed of pristine NCs (ink0) can be considered as an indication to a more

Uniform Sb₂S₃ optical coatings by chemical spray method

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Arvo Mere and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 198–210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.18

• imposed by the use of the spray pyrolysis method as well. Based on the above observations, the morphology and crystallinity of as-deposited layers seems to determine the nature of Sb2S3 layer morphology as formed during vacuum thermal treatment. Our proposed growth mechanism of Sb2S3 by ultrasonic

Wet chemistry route for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles for gas sensing

• Hussam M. Elnabawy,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Badawi Anis,
• Mostafa Fedawy,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Ahmed S. G. Khalil,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Xavier Vilanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 105–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.10

• size distribution for all samples. In addition, HRTEM imaging for the anchored iron oxide nanoparticles on the MWCNTs surface was performed and the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern for was identified, as shown in Figure 4. The image shows the high crystallinity of the prepared iron

• functionalized, so it is logical that a relatively high D/G ratio is obtained before performing any treatment or decoration. This low crystallinity means that a high concentration of disordered sp2 carbon in relation to the presence of stretching C–C bonds is already present in as-purchased CNT samples. This

Characterization and influence of hydroxyapatite nanopowders on living cells

• Przemyslaw Oberbek,
• Tomasz Bolek,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Julia Rogowska-Tylman,
• Ganna Nechyporenko,
• Viktor Zinchenko,
• Wojciech Swieszkowski and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3079–3094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.286

• in the application of novel NPs in medicine and biology. Adverse effect of NOAA on living organisms may be influenced by many factors such as size, shape, solubility, exposure time, surface charge, surface area, crystallinity, agglomeration or chemical composition [7][8][9]. Since the properties of

• , specific surface area, crystallinity, phase purity, stoichiometry, zeta potential and pH value were chosen for correlating the parameters with biological activity. Density measurements Density (ρ) measurements were performed using a helium pycnometer (AccuPyc II, model 1340; Micromeritics, Australia) using

• both identified foreign phases and unidentified reflexes in the range of 10 to 60° (2θ). Crystallinity (Xc) refers to the degree of structural order in a solid. It is a concept that integrates diffraction domain size, crystal strain and crystal defects. The crystallinity percentage of the samples was

A novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-modified layered double hydroxide: preparation, characterization and properties

• Xianwei Zhang,
• Zhongzhu Ma,
• Hong Fan,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Jintao Wan and
• Philippe Dubois

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3053–3068, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.284

• enlargement of the interlayer spacing could be attributed to the relatively large intercalator molecules, and the decrease in peak pattern sharpness suggests a decline in crystallinity. The absence of any distinguishable reflection of OCPS or NLDH in the OLDH pattern indicates that unbonded excess OCPS was

Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing

• Philip D. Prewett,
• Cornelis W. Hagen,
• Claudia Lenk,
• Steve Lenk,
• Marcus Kaestner,
• Tzvetan Ivanov,
• Ahmad Ahmad,
• Ivo W. Rangelow,
• Xiaoqing Shi,
• Stuart A. Boden,
• Alex P. G. Robinson,
• Dongxu Yang,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Marijke Scotuzzi and
• Ejaz Huq

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2855–2882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.266

• the resist through sputtering and loss of substrate crystallinity. The situation for Ga+ ions is further complicated by the property of Ga+ as a p-type dopant of silicon. Scattering and range can be calculated using Monte Carlo simulation codes with typical results as shown in Figure 3 [30]. The

Oriented zinc oxide nanorods: A novel saturable absorber for lasers in the near-infrared

• Pavel Loiko,
• Tanujjal Bora,
• Josep Maria Serres,
• Haohai Yu,
• Magdalena Aguiló,
• Francesc Díaz,
• Uwe Griebner,
• Valentin Petrov,
• Xavier Mateos and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2730–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.255

• , increases from 0.25 to 0.42. This effect is assigned to the increased diameter of the NRs and their crystallinity and weaker boundary effects. The non-saturable losses of the ZnO NRs can be partially attributed to the scattering losses. It should be noted that the observed values of Isat for the ZnO NRs are