Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• antibiotics and hormones in the environment and food samples are concerning and pose a threat. Opto-electrochemical sensors have received attention due to their low cost, portability, sensitivity, analytical performance, and ease of deployment in the field as compared to conventional expensive technologies

• detection (LOD), and are selective in many cases. However, they have a number of shortcomings. For example, in order to increase the sensitivity of the established immunoassays, Mitchell and Lowe [20] and Wu et al. [21] used the ELISA technique for the analysis of testosterone and progesterone, respectively

• . Even though this sensitive ELISA approach provided the necessary sensitivity for hormone detection in biological samples, it had a number of drawbacks, including limited specificity, high cost, cross-reactivity, and significant kit variability. The conventional ELISA method necessitates a laborious

Titania nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of ethanol under simulated solar light

• Evghenii Goncearenco,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Florian Dumitrache,
• Elena Dutu,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Alexandra Sandulescu,
• Crina Anastasescu and
• Ioan Balint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 616–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.51

• exclude the possibility that these defects are located on the TiO2 surface and that the concentration of defects is below the detection limit of XPS [52][53]. Another explanation would be this: The surface depth sensitivity of XPS is known to be 5–10 nm compared to 1 μm in PL. Hence, this technique

Observation of multiple bulk bound states in the continuum modes in a photonic crystal cavity

• Rui Chen,
• Yi Zheng,
• Xingyu Huang,
• Qiaoling Lin,
• Chaochao Ye,
• Meng Xiong,
• Martijn Wubs,
• Yungui Ma,
• Minhao Pu and
• Sanshui Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 544–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.45

• be obtained. A 20× objective was used in the measurement. Limited by the excitation efficiencies of one specific position for all modes and the sensitivity of the spectrometer, the weak scattering signal from the resonances is inundated by noise. To identify the resonance wavelength of the cavity, a

• high-order modes were also qualitatively analyzed. It is noteworthy that theoretically all modes can be excited if the overlap of the mode profile and the illumination spot is not zero. In our measurement, limited by the sensitivity of the setup, only the resonance with the highest excitation

Carbon nanotube-cellulose ink for rapid solvent identification

• Tiago Amarante,
• Thiago H. R. Cunha,
• Claudio Laudares,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Ana Carolina dos Santos,
• Cíntia L. Pereira,
• Vinicius Ornelas,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• André S. Ferlauto and
• Rodrigo G. Lacerda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 535–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.44

• , while the current was monitored until complete evaporation of the liquid. The device temperature was kept just below the boiling point of the liquid under evaluation. Afterward, the current was used to calculate the resistance, R0 (see Figure 1c), and the sensitivity gain (S), defined as S = ((R – R0

• individual sensor. The parameters analyzed by PCA were “max”, “t_max”, “slope”, and “ratio_maxmin” (defined in Supporting Information File 1 as the input features). Figure 2a and Figure 2b depict, respectively, the sensitivity gain S (for pure water, and 10 and 100 ppm of glycerin in water) and the PCA

• reproducible. The glycerin/water experiment shows sensitivity to detect oil compounds down to the parts-per-million range. Also, we demonstrate the important role of dielectric constant and vapor pressure in the transduction mechanism of the MFC/MWCNTs composite. We believe that our sensor can overcome the

On the use of Raman spectroscopy to characterize mass-produced graphene nanoplatelets

• Keith R. Paton,
• Konstantinos Despotelis,
• Naresh Kumar,
• Piers Turner and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 509–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.42

• , it is not clear if Raman spectroscopy has the sensitivity to detect the presence of this material in the final product. In this paper, we examine the effect that increasing amounts of unexfoliated graphitic material in a well-defined sample of GNPs have on the measured Raman spectra. First, a sample

• measuring bulk, reaggregated flakes, the 2D peak retains a symmetric shape, even to values of mean thickness where a single flake of equivalent thickness would yield a clear shoulder in the Raman spectrum [13]. It is clear from these measurements that this method also does not have the sensitivity to

A mid-infrared focusing grating coupler with a single circular arc element based on germanium on silicon

• Xiaojun Zhu,
• Shuai Li,
• Ang Sun,
• Yongquan Pan,
• Wen Liu,
• Yue Wu,
• Guoan Zhang and
• Yuechun Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 478–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.38

• knowledge, it is the highest coupling efficiency in a full-etch grating coupler based on Ge-on-Si. Moreover, the proposed grating coupler can be used for refractive index (RI) sensing, and the maximum sensitivity is 980.7 nm/RIU when the RI changes from 1 to 1.04. By comparing with traditional grating

• geometry of the CAE. To the best of our knowledge, it is the highest coupling efficiency in full-etch grating couplers based on Ge-on-Si. Moreover, the proposed MIR FGC can also be used for sensing, and the maximum refractive index (RI) sensitivity is 980.7 nm/RIU. Compared with the suspended membrane Ge

• 6877.8 nm to 6917.1 nm. The RI sensitivity is 980.7 nm/RIU obtained from a linear fit of the peak wavelength and RI, as shown in Figure 6b. The sensitivity is twice as large as that in [20]. Furthermore, the proposed sensor is a full-etch structure based on Ge-on-Si, which can be achieved by a single

Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• and their viability, as it greatly simplifies the procedure for measuring proliferation over MTT, reduces assay time, and increases the sensitivity of the assay [73]. In this study, the dose-dependent cell viabilities of human brain glioblastoma (U-118 MG) and human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• nanoparticles exhibit various effects (e.g., homotypic targeting, prolonging drug circulation, regulating the immune system, and penetrating biological barriers) after encapsulation by cancer cell membranes. The sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic methods will also be improved by utilizing the properties

• insufficient sensitivity of tumor tissue and serious side effects [91]. Thus, exploring more efficient radiosensitizers is a feasible way to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy. By improving the biocompatibility and tumor targeting ability of radiosensitizers, the concentration of radiosensitizers can be

• anticancer effects [76]. After QT was delivered to tumor tissue by the active targeting ability of the membrane, the sensitivity to radiotherapy was effectively improved, and a strong anticancer effect was exerted under X-ray irradiation [76]. Gong et al. designed a pH-responsive multifunctional biomimetic

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

• effect of gefitinib and siRNA may be regarded as proof of restored sensitivity of EGFR-positive NSCLC to gefitinib as a result of silencing the expression of resistance-related genes [71]. Therapy consisting of EGFR siRNA combined with EGFR TKIs and anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies can additively enhance

High–low Kelvin probe force spectroscopy for measuring the interface state density

• Ryo Izumi,
• Masato Miyazaki,
• Yan Jun Li and
• Yasuhiro Sugawara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 175–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.18

• advantages, namely high sensitivity to the electrostatic force gradient, high detection sensitivity using a cantilever with a weak spring constant at the first resonance, ease of implementation in adding FM-AFM, and no need to enhance the bandwidth of the cantilever deflection sensor. FM-KPFM is used to

Intermodal coupling spectroscopy of mechanical modes in microcantilevers

• Ioan Ignat,
• Bernhard Schuster,
• Jonas Hafner,
• MinHee Kwon,
• Daniel Platz and
• Ulrich Schmid

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 123–132, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.13

• of nanotechnology. Fundamental research in atomic interactions, molecular reactions, and biological cell behaviour are key focal points, demanding a continuous increase in resolution and sensitivity. While renowned fields such as optomechanics have marched towards outstanding signal-to-noise ratios

• the topographical features [1][2][3][4][5][6]. There is, however, room for improvement in cutting-edge AFM experiments, as the standard quantum limit in sensitivity, represented by a minimum between detection noise and backaction noise, has not been reached [7][8]. Beyond this limit, techniques exist

• coherent bimodal drive to amplify the signal of the fundamental mode. Both increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the measurement, creating opportunity for either improved sensitivity or increased speed. Furthermore, sideband cooling has a secondary use in ultrahigh-vacuum AFM as a tool for controlling the

Characterisation of a micrometer-scale active plasmonic element by means of complementary computational and experimental methods

• Ciarán Barron,
• Giulia Di Fazio,
• Samuel Kenny,
• Silas O’Toole,
• Robin O’Reilly and
• Dominic Zerulla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 110–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.12

• . Because of this extreme sensitivity, small changes in the local temperature, and hence in optical constants, will result in subtle but appreciable changes of reflectivity in the SPR curve. Homodyne detection, with the modulated electric currents as reference, enables a detailed examination of the

• moved to remove the silver. The investigations carried out consist of two experimental correlative methods. The first method is the above discussed enhanced SPR experiment, based on an ATR setup whose sensitivity is enhanced through the addition of a lock-in amplifier. The second method probes the

• . The reference phase of the LIA was chosen to maximise X. The LIA was set to a time constant of τ = 300 ms, with second-order low-pass filtering and a sensitivity of 30 mV to avoid spurious input overloads. Once this set was recorded, the stage was moved 1 × 10−2 degrees to the next angular position in

Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating

• Jessica Plé,
• Marine Dabert,
• Helene Lecoq,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Lydie Ploux and
• Lavinia Balan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11

• lower than the maximum effective dose is not linear, unlike that of E. coli bacteria, confirming a higher sensitivity to silver, even in the presence of low amounts of released silver (90% inhibition rate for approximately 2.5 µg/g released silver). This effect, more pronounced for C. albicans than E

• . coli has also been observed by Akinsiku et al. [56], who determined that the sensitivity to silver varies by a factor of 5 between clinical isolates of E. coli and C. albicans. The mechanisms leading to this difference do not seem to have been elucidated so far. However, some hypotheses can be put

• process of the cell [59]. Moreover, C. albicans has been reported as particularly sensitive to ROS, which may be one of the reasons for its higher sensitivity to silver than other microorganisms [60]. The culture medium could also impact microorganism susceptibility to silver ions. For comparison purposes

Structural studies and selected physical investigations of LiCoO₂ obtained by combustion synthesis

• Monika Michalska,
• Paweł Ławniczak,
• Tomasz Strachowski,
• Adam Ostrowski and
• Waldemar Bednarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1473–1482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.121

• resonance (EPR) experiments were performed using an X-band ELEXSYS E500 (Bruker, Germany) spectrometer. The samples were placed in a Super High Sensitivity Probehead (Bruker, Germany) cavity and in a cryostat where the temperature was determined and stabilized using an Oxford temperature controller ITC503S

Rapid and sensitive detection of box turtles using an electrochemical DNA biosensor based on a gold/graphene nanocomposite

• Abu Hashem,
• M. A. Motalib Hossain,
• Ab Rahman Marlinda,
• Mohammad Al Mamun,
• Khanom Simarani and
• Mohd Rafie Johan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1458–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.120

• the applications of impedance DNA hybridisation biosensors for the detection of a number of analytes [31][32][33][34]. Nanomaterials may significantly enhance biosensor performance, stability, repeatability, and sensitivity [35][36][37][38][39]. Among various nanomaterials, graphene (Gr) [40] and gold

• sensitivity of a nanosensor. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has numerous advantages over nuclear genomes, including increased quantity and copy number in each cell, which may be used to differentiate intra- and interspecies [49][50]. In this study, we identified and selected a unique DNA sequence in BT by

• it shows a significant sensitivity when modified with the AuNPs/Gr nanocomposite, which is also corroborated by CV and DPV results. These findings imply that electrode modification with AuNPs/Gr enhances electrocatalytic activity. Many researchers have reported a similar shape of the Nyquist plot

Double-layer symmetric gratings with bound states in the continuum for dual-band high-Q optical sensing

• Chaoying Shi,
• Jinhua Hu,
• Xiuhong Liu,
• Junfang Liang,
• Jijun Zhao,
• Haiyan Han and
• Qiaofen Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1408–1417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.116

• achieved with the highest sensitivity of 453 nm/RIU and a maximum figure of merit (FOM) of 9808. Such dual-band high-Q resonator is expected to have promising applications in multi-wavelength sensing and nonlinear optics. Keywords: bound states in the continuum; dual band; high quality factor; localized

• index of the surrounding medium. In this section, we will investigate the sensing performance of the proposed structure through the variation of two key structural parameters (α and h). Besides the Q-factor, the sensitivity (S) and FOM are also two important parameters for a refractive index sensor

• , which are defined as the ratio of the resonant wavelength drift to the change in refractive index of the surrounding environment (S = Δλres/Δnc) and the ratio of sensitivity to the FWHM (FOM = S/FWHM), respectively [55]. Taking the structural parameters previously mentioned as an example, the proposed

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• and disadvantages of the improved probes compared with ordinary probes by comparing the differences in spatial resolution, sensitivity, imaging, and other performance aspects, and finally provides an outlook on the future development of AFM probes. This paper promotes the development of AFM probes in

• disadvantages of the improved probes compared with ordinary probes by comparing the differences in performance in terms of spatial resolution, sensitivity, and imaging, and finally provides an outlook on the future development of AFM probes. Review Metal probe Metal nanocluster probe Metal nanoclusters contain

• addition, the method was also used for the determination of glyphosate in tap water samples with good recovery results. The assay has the advantages of high sensitivity and good selectivity. Compared to the above-proposed metal nanoclusters, gold-based bimetallic nanoclusters have the advantages of metal

A super-oscillatory step-zoom metalens for visible light

• Yi Zhou,
• Chao Yan,
• Peng Tian,
• Zhu Li,
• Yu He,
• Bin Fan,
• Zhiyong Wang,
• Yao Deng and
• Dongliang Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1220–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.101

• designed super-oscillatory spots [9][10]. Nevertheless, the low efficiency may be tolerable for some specific applications, such as observing target objects with high illumination intensity in microscopic systems. High-sensitivity detectors and long exposure time would be also advantageous. Conclusion In

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• for various sensing applications, including chirality detection due to the high sensitivity to nanogram or picogram mass changes, fast response, real-time detection, easy operation, suitability in different media, and low experimental cost. The sensing performance of QCM is dependent on the surface

• sensors [17][18][19]. However, these methods still have drawbacks as they are time consuming, expensive, and unable to monitor real-time detection. In addition, they have low-recognition efficiency and low sensitivity to weak signals. Therefore, researchers keep devoting their efforts to developing novel

• (e.g., DNA analysis, microorganism assays, nucleic acid detection, pharmaceutical substance detection, and gas monitoring) and also a powerful tool for chiral recognition [23][24][25]. The sensitivity and specificity of QCM-based chiral sensors largely depend on the recognition layers on the surface of

A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

• Hao Liu,
• Zuned Ahmed,
• Sasa Vranjkovic,
• Manfred Parschau,
• Andrada-Oana Mandru and
• Hans J. Hug

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95

• tuning fork force sensor became increasingly popular. In comparison to microfabricated cantilevers, the more macroscopic tuning forks, however, lack sensitivity, which limits the measurement bandwidth. Moreover, multimodal and multifrequency techniques, such as those available in cantilever-based AFM

• ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions is beneficial for increasing measurement sensitivity, measuring samples at low temperatures [1], analyzing reactive surfaces [2], and studying atomic or molecular adsorbents with atomic or submolecular resolution [3]. The first AFM images with true atomic resolution were

• -nanometer oscillation amplitudes for an improved detection of short-ranged inter-atomic forces [36][37][38]. Despite the success of AFM utilizing microfabricated cantilevers under ambient conditions, early work performed under UHV conditions, and high-sensitivity MFM under vacuum conditions, cantilever

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles toward highly efficient photocatalysis and antibacterial application

• Vo Thi Thu Nhu,
• Nguyen Duy Dat,
• Le-Minh Tam and
• Nguyen Hoang Phuong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1108–1119, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.94

• photocatalysts. ZnO has a higher quantum efficiency than that of TiO2 since it absorbs more energy in the UV region [4][5][6][7]. Furthermore, ZnO is a low-cost photocatalyst with high photocatalytic activity, nontoxicity, light sensitivity, and stability [8][9][10]. The photodegradation of organic substances by

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• % and the reported CDs were employed as a sensing probe for Fe3+ ions [61]. Devi et al. utilized Carica papaya waste as a natural source for a simple pyrolysis route and obtained a good QY of 23.7%. The reported CDs have a chromium sensitivity of 0.708 ppb in water [83]. Recently, a further increase in

• –31G diffused and polarized basis sets. An excellent agreement was found between theoretical data and experimental results [73]. An ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction approach was employed to synthesize CDs from rice fried Codonopsis pilosula (CP). The CP-CDs possess good sensitivity and

• glutathione, as a dopant for both S and N, and a green source of celery leaves to synthesize CDs. Low-cost celery leaves containing folic acid with many –COOH and –NH2 groups contribute to high QYs. The reported CDs were novel fluorescent paper sensors and showed remarkable sensitivity and selectivity in the

Theoretical investigations of oxygen vacancy effects in nickel-doped zirconia from ab initio XANES spectroscopy at the oxygen K-edge

• Dick Hartmann Douma,
• Lodvert Tchibota Poaty,
• Alessio Lamperti,
• Stéphane Kenmoe,
• Abdulrafiu Tunde Raji,
• Alberto Debernardi and
• Bernard M’Passi-Mabiala

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 975–985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.85

• above the Fermi level) that correspond to the pre-edge peaks in the O K-edge XANES spectra show sensitivity to increasing oxygen vacancy concentration. These PDOS peaks show change in intensity and splitting in response to the distortions from ideal geometric arrangements of oxygen shells surrounding

Comparing the performance of single and multifrequency Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques in air and water

• Jason I. Kilpatrick,
• Emrullah Kargin and
• Brian J. Rodriguez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 922–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.82

• paper, including pump-probe KPFM [13][20][43], time-resolved KPFM [11][12][44][45][46][47], fast free force recovery KPFM (G-Mode) [14][48][49][50], intermodulation electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) [42][51], and PeakForce tapping KPFM [52]. The fundamental detection sensitivity to electrostatic

• . These mixing products have enhanced sensitivity to electrostatic forces at the expense of localization to small tip–sample separations. By choosing ωe such that the mixing products fall on the sidebands of ω1, the SNR is improved whilst enabling single-pass scanning. There are trade-offs here in that ωe

• loop using phase-based detection [71], frequency sweeps [40][64][72], or bias modulation [10][52][73]. The advantages of CL AM-KPFM are that it is easy to implement, is standard on most commercial AFMs, and has high bias sensitivity [74]. The disadvantages of this technique are that it is limited by

Efficiency of electron cooling in cold-electron bolometers with traps

• Dmitrii A. Pimanov,
• Vladimir A. Frost,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Andrey L. Pankratov and
• Leonid S. Kuzmin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 896–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.80

• ; responsivity; Introduction Cooling is a key feature to improve the sensitivity of any receiver. Reliable dilution refrigerators providing temperatures below 100 mK have not yet been implemented for operation in space under zero gravity. But 3He cryostats, which provide temperatures down to 250 mK, are widely

• due to thinner tunneling barriers with higher quality. Conclusion Electron cooling is very important for highly sensitive measurements. At modern space applications, it may be the only reliable method to cool down the detector in 3He cryostats to achieve better sensitivity. Cold-electron bolometers

• are able to show electron self-cooling by a factor of five or even more [7], thus improving sensitivity, so they might be a prospective type of detectors [6]. Although we could not reach a new minimum of electron cooling at 300 mK phonon temperature, we achieved electron cooling from 200 to 33 mK and