Development of a new hybrid approach combining AFM and SEM for the nanoparticle dimensional metrology

• Loïc Crouzier,
• Alexandra Delvallée,
• Sébastien Ducourtieux,
• Laurent Devoille,
• Guillaume Noircler,
• Christian Ulysse,
• Olivier Taché,
• Elodie Barruet,
• Christophe Tromas and
• Nicolas Feltin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1523–1536, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.150

• using several measuring techniques and their associated metrologies to combine their strengths and limit their weaknesses. Combined with statistical tools and input data, such as chemical information and crystal structure, hybrid metrology makes it possible, after data fusion, to obtain more reliable

Direct observation of oxygen-vacancy formation and structural changes in Bi₂WO₆ nanoflakes induced by electron irradiation

• Hong-long Shi,
• Bin Zou,
• Zi-an Li,
• Min-ting Luo and
• Wen-zhong Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1434–1442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.141

• of the Aurivillius phases, perovskites with the general formula of (Bi2O2)(Am−1BmO3m+1) and a crystal structure of tilted WO6 octahedra layers sandwiched between Bi–O layers. The W–O layers in the Bi2WO6 crystal transfer electrons to the surface of catalysts, and Bi–O layers act as insulating layers

• appeared at 3.02, 4.39, 6.68, 7.61 nm−1, which are in good agreement with the (012), (104), (116) and (214) planes of the hexagonal bismuth phase (PDF#85-1329). Moreover, no reflections that can be associated with the crystal structure of bismuth oxides appear during the whole irradiation process. This

Selective gas detection using Mn₃O₄/WO₃ composites as a sensing layer

• Yongjiao Sun,
• Zhichao Yu,
• Wenda Wang,
• Pengwei Li,
• Gang Li,
• Wendong Zhang,
• Lin Chen,
• Serge Zhuivkov and
• Jie Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1423–1433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.140

• and morphological characteristics Figure 1a presents the phase purity and crystal structure of pure WO3 and Mn3O4/WO3 investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The main reflection peaks can be well-indexed to monoclinic-type crystalline phase of WO3 with similar values from reported data (space group

BiOCl/TiO₂/diatomite composites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B

• Minlin Ao,
• Kun Liu,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Zishun Li,
• Qian Peng and
• Jing Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1412–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.139

• . After these treatments, the photocatalyst was applied to the degradation of fresh RhB. Results and Discussion Structural analysis XRD was used to analyze the phase structure and crystal structure of the samples. The results are shown in Figure 1a. The diffraction peaks of the prepared BiOCl are in good

The effect of magneto-crystalline anisotropy on the properties of hard and soft magnetic ferrite nanoparticles

• Hajar Jalili,
• Bagher Aslibeiki,
• Ali Ghotbi Varzaneh and
• Volodymyr A. Chernenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1348–1359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.133

• presence of Fe, Co and O in the samples. The atomic ratio Co/Fe obtained from EDX is in a good agreement with the theoretical stoichiometry for all samples (Figure 4d). Infrared spectra The formation of the spinel phase and its crystal structure were verified by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra

• the theoretical stoichiometry of all samples. FTIR spectra of CoxFe3−xO4 nanoparticles with x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0. The inset is the part of the spectra at frequencies below 1000 cm−1. Polyhedral model showing the cubic spinel crystal structure of CoFe2O4. Green and blue shaded areas

Green fabrication of lanthanide-doped hydroxide-based phosphors: Y(OH)₃:Eu³⁺ nanoparticles for white light generation

• Tugrul Guner,
• Anilcan Kus,
• Mehmet Ozcan,
• Aziz Genc,
• Hasan Sahin and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.119

• during the reaction process may distort the crystal structure and lead to an increase in the formation of substitutional defects, which may facilitate the incorporation of dopant ions into the system [36][37][38][39]. As an example, luminescent red Y(OH)3:Eu3+ phosphors were fabricated via employing this

• into the transparent solution, respectively. Selecting LiOH as the ion source is critical here since the other possible ions such as Na+ and K+ are not as reactive as Li+ ions. Such a high reactivity of Li+ ions in the solution is expected to distort the crystal structure relatively more compared to

• electronegativity of Y, H and O are 1.22, 2.20 and 3.44, respectively. Bader charge analysis shows that the Y(OH)3 crystal structure is formed by 0.73 (0.60) e charge transfer from the Y (H) to the O atom. Possible scenarios for Eu doping in a Y(OH)3 crystal is also investigated by state-of-the-art first principles

Pure and mixed ordered monolayers of tetracyano-2,6-naphthoquinodimethane and hexathiapentacene on the Ag(100) surface

• Robert Harbers,
• Timo Heepenstrick,
• Dmitrii F. Perepichka and
• Moritz Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1188–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.118

• molecules with electron donor and acceptor properties on the Ag(100) surface. The donor-type molecule was 5,6,7,12,13,14-hexathiapentacene (HTPEN, Figure 1a), which is a planar molecule with D2h symmetry [18]. Its crystal structure and field-effect mobilities were reported by Briseno and co-workers [19

• combination with tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) on Au(111). TNAP is a flat planar molecule (C2h) with the ability to delocalize unpaired electrons in a charge-transfer complex [26]. We note that the crystal structure of TNAP is unknown and, as a consequence, we cannot compare the packing of TNAP on the Ag(100

• 150.2 Å2 and is large enough for containing one flat-lying HTPEN molecule, as illustrated in Figure 2b. The molecular geometry used for the hard-sphere model of HTPEN (Figure 2b) is based on the crystal structure data of HTPEN [19] and the van der Waals radii taken from [32]. Table 1 shows all geometric

A highly efficient porous rod-like Ce-doped ZnO photocatalyst for the degradation of dye contaminants in water

• Binjing Hu,
• Qiang Sun,
• Chengyi Zuo,
• Yunxin Pei,
• Siwei Yang,
• Hui Zheng and
• Fangming Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1157–1165, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.115

• a sunlight simulator. The results showed that ZnO doped with 3% Ce exhibits the highest RhB degradation rate. To understand the crystal structure, elemental state, surface morphology and chemical composition, the photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron

• , then ZnO and a series of Ce-doped ZnO were synthesized by a one-step pyrolysis method. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the degradation rate of RhB using a sunlight stimulator. The changes in crystal structure, Ce element state, morphology and chemical composition were characterized by XRD

CuInSe₂ quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy on amorphous SiO₂ surfaces

• Henrique Limborço,
• Pedro M.P. Salomé,
• Rodrigo Ribeiro-Andrade,
• Jennifer P. Teixeira,
• Nicoleta Nicoara,
• Kamal Abderrafi,
• Joaquim P. Leitão,
• Juan C. Gonzalez and
• Sascha Sadewasser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1103–1111, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.110

• almost one order of magnitude. It is clear that with increasing growth temperature coarsening and In re-evaporation might play important roles in the nanodots size distribution. The crystal structure of the nanodots was determined by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) analysis performed on

• crystal structure and chemical composition of the dots compatible with the CIS tetragonal structure and stoichiometry. The same analysis also hints to a Cu-poor and Se-rich CIS wetting layer, but the effects, structure, and exact composition of this layer have to be studied in more detailed. PL

Synthesis of novel C-doped g-C₃N₄ nanosheets coupled with CdIn₂S₄ for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

• Jingshuai Chen,
• Chang-Jie Mao,
• Helin Niu and
• Ji-Ming Song

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 912–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.92

• to analyze the crystal structure, morphology, elementary composition, optical properties and catalytic mechanism. The CdIn2S4/CCN nanocomposites with optimal CdIn2S4 content exhibited a maximum H2 production rate of 2985 μmol h−1 g−1, almost 15 times more than that obtained using pure g-C3N4 (205

The systemic effect of PEG-nGO-induced oxidative stress in vivo in a rodent model

• Qura Tul Ain,
• Samina Hyder Haq,
• Abeer Alshammari,
• Moudhi Abdullah Al-Mutlaq and
• Muhammad Naeem Anjum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 901–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.91

• advanced nanomaterials has led to the development of effective drug delivery systems [1][2]. Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms with a hexagonal 2-dimensional crystal structure, its use in nanoscience and nanotechnology, is of great interest for scientists. The hydrophobic nature of graphene

Electronic properties of several two dimensional halides from ab initio calculations

• Mohamed Barhoumi,
• Ali Abboud,
• Lamjed Debbichi,
• Moncef Said,
• Torbjörn Björkman,
• Dario Rocca and
• Sébastien Lebègue

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 823–832, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.82

• crystal structure of a monolayer of: (a) AcOCl , (b) BiOCl, (c) YOI and (d) ScOI. Partial and total density of states of monolayers of AcOBr, BaFBr, BiOBr, and CaFBr. The Fermi level is set to 0 eV. Partial and total density of states of monolayers of AcOCl, AlOCl, BaFCl, and BiOCl. The Fermi level is set

An efficient electrode material for high performance solid-state hybrid supercapacitors based on a Cu/CuO/porous carbon nanofiber/TiO₂ hybrid composite

• Mamta Sham Lal,
• Thirugnanam Lavanya and
• Sundara Ramaprabhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 781–793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.78

• planes of anatase TiO2 (JCPDS card # 00-001-0562) [25] and the similar crystal structure was observed in the Cu/CuO/PCNF/TiO2 composite material. Additionally, the Cu/CuO/PCNF/TiO2 composite shows (002), (101) planes of the carbon and (002), (111) planes of CuO. These results show that Cu nanoparticles

• to the formation of rutile crystal structure. The composite material shows only 19% weight loss, which implies that the material has high thermal stability due to the uniform growth of the TiO2 nanoparticles on the fiber, providing high stability to the composite material. Electrochemical properties

Ultrasonication-assisted synthesis of CsPbBr₃ and Cs₄PbBr₆ perovskite nanocrystals and their reversible transformation

• Longshi Rao,
• Xinrui Ding,
• Xuewei Du,
• Guanwei Liang,
• Yong Tang,
• Kairui Tang and
• Jin Z. Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 666–676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.66

• demonstrate excellent properites, such as tunable photoluminescence (PL) throughout the visible spectrum, super high PL quantum yield (QY), low trap-state density, and narrow emission linewidth [6][7][8]. The crystal structure of CsPbX3 (X = Cl−, Br−, I−) PNCs consists of a 12-fold coordinated network created

• . The reversible transformation between Cs4PbBr6 PNCs and CsPbBr3 PNCs was achieved by changing the amounts of OAm and water. Detailed synthesis conditions are given in the Experimental section. The crystal structure and morphology of the as-prepared samples were determined by XRD and TEM. As shown in

• morphology of as-prepared PNCs. Figure 4b shows the formation of Cs4PbBr6 PNCs with hexagonal crystal structure and confirms the existence of square-shaped CsPbBr3 PNCs. Additionally, Figure 4c shows that the small black spots (green arrows) existing on the surface of the Cs4PbBr6 PNCs are metallic lead

Widening of the electroactivity potential range by composite formation – capacitive properties of TiO₂/BiVO₄/PEDOT:PSS electrodes in contact with an aqueous electrolyte

• Konrad Trzciński,
• Mariusz Szkoda,
• Andrzej P. Nowak,
• Marcin Łapiński and
• Anna Lisowska-Oleksiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 483–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.49

• . The main peak at 529.8 eV can be attributed to oxygen in the BiVO4 crystal structure [55] and the smaller one is observed due to the presence of the surface OH groups [56]. The spectrum of the layer after hydrogenation is characterized by the much higher contribution of OH groups. There is also at

• . Here, we present the formation of a titania nanotube-based composite. The proposed procedure of anodization yields titania (anatase crystal structure) in the form of nanotubes. PLD was used for BiVO4 deposition on TiO2 with preservation of nanotubular morphology. An enhancement of electric-charge

Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy and sensor applications of PtSe₂ nanosheets synthesized by wet chemistry

• Mahendra S. Pawar and
• Dattatray J. Late

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 467–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.46

• method used to grow PtSe2 nanosheets followed by thermal annealing. The SEM and TEM analysis confirms the formation of PtSe2 nanosheets. Furthermore, XRD, Raman, XPS and SAED patterns were used to analyze the crystal structure and to confirm the formation of the PtSe2 phase. The temperature-dependent

• , the XRD, Raman and SAED pattern results were used to analyze the crystal structure and to confirm the formation of the PtSe2 phase. Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy investigations were carried out on PtSe2 nanosheet films grown on Si substrates between 100–506 K. The temperature coefficient

Advanced scanning probe lithography using anatase-to-rutile transition to create localized TiO₂ nanorods

• Julian Kalb,
• Vanessa Knittel and
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 412–418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.40

• by the described hydrothermal growth method have a rutile crystal structure [42]. The resulting nanostructures obtained with scanning probe lithography are presented in Figure 2 by SEM. For comparison, the same structures were fabricated with electron-beam lithography to demonstrate that both

Integration of LaMnO_3+δ films on platinized silicon substrates for resistive switching applications by PI-MOCVD

• Raquel Rodriguez-Lamas,
• Dolors Pla,
• Odette Chaix-Pluchery,
• Benjamin Meunier,
• Fabrice Wilhelm,
• Andrei Rogalev,
• Laetitia Rapenne,
• Xavier Mescot,
• Quentin Rafhay,
• Hervé Roussel,
• Michel Boudard,
• Carmen Jiménez and
• Mónica Burriel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 389–398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.38

• analyzed by semi-quantitative energy-dispersive X-ray analyses (EDX) using an Oxford Inca Energy detector coupled to the SEM. A combined study in X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy was performed to determine the crystal structure of the films and to detect the presence/absence of secondary

• three deposition strategies, despite the narrow temperature and time ranges required to avoid Pt instability, strategy I allows for the growth of LMO thin films up to 80 nm providing a very good control of the crystal structure. On the other hand, when rhombohedral films are suitable for the required

Site-specific growth of oriented ZnO nanocrystal arrays

• Rekha Bai,
• Dinesh K. Pandya,
• Sujeet Chaudhary,
• Veer Dhaka,
• Vladislav Khayrudinov,
• Jori Lemettinen,
• Christoffer Kauppinen and
• Harri Lipsanen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 274–280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.26

• crystals forming the twin are almost of same dimensions, L and D. The obvious question is what gives rise to twin formation. The twin growth can be understood as follows. ZnO crystal structure consists of hexagonally close packed oxygen and zinc atoms. ZnO crystals consists of a top tetrahedron corner

• FESEM and XRD observations are consistent with each other with respect to the oriented and aligned growth of ZnO NCs or otherwise. To further examine the crystal structure and morphology of the twinned ZnO NCs, TEM measurements were performed and the recorded images for the S600 sample are shown in

Relation between thickness, crystallite size and magnetoresistance of nanostructured La_1−xSr_xMn_yO_3±δ films for magnetic field sensors

• Rasuole Lukose,
• Valentina Plausinaitiene,
• Milita Vagner,
• Nerija Zurauskiene,
• Skirmantas Kersulis,
• Virgaudas Kubilius,
• Karolis Motiejuitis,
• Birute Knasiene,
• Voitech Stankevic,
• Zita Saltyte,
• Martynas Skapas,
• Algirdas Selskis and
• Evaldas Naujalis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 256–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.24

• show no secondary phases, only the characteristic peaks associated with the Al2O3 substrate and polycrystalline LSMO films with a perovskite-like crystal structure with rhombohedral distortions (the space group ) for both deposition series. The shift of the characteristic LSMO peaks to higher θ/2θ

• the films was changed in the range of 30–480 nm and determined using a Taylor Hobson Talystep profilometer. The crystal structure of the films was analysed by GIXRD measurements using a Bruker D8 Advance diffractometer, where the incident X-ray beam was fixed at 0.5°. The refinement of the peak shape

Thermal control of the defunctionalization of supported Au₂₅(glutathione)₁₈ catalysts for benzyl alcohol oxidation

• Zahraa Shahin,
• Hyewon Ji,
• Rodica Chiriac,
• Nadine Essayem,
• Franck Rataboul and
• Aude Demessence

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 228–237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.21

• from the crystal structure (1 nm) [38]. For (A200) the mean particle size is 1.6 ± 0.7 nm and approximately the same for (A300) at 1.7 ± 0.5 nm (Figure 3b,c,e). For (A400), the particle size increased to 2.0 ± 0.7 nm, which may be due to the sintering of the bare Au25 gold cores (Figure 3d,e). In

Raman study of flash-lamp annealed aqueous Cu₂ZnSnS₄ nanocrystals

• Yevhenii Havryliuk,
• Oleksandr Selyshchev,
• Mykhailo Valakh,
• Alexandra Raevskaya,
• Oleksandr Stroyuk,
• Constance Schmidt,
• Volodymyr Dzhagan and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 222–227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.20

• shift in the films (as well as for the solutions stored for longer times): (i) rearrangement of cations, possibly stimulated by a reaction with oxygen and accompanied by a change of the charge state of Cu from +1 to +2; or (ii) re-crystallization of the NCs into larger NCs while preserving the crystal

• structure. A good correlation of the NC size obtained from UV–vis spectra (on fresh solutions) and from XRD (on films) reported in [21] seems to rule out reason (ii) as a major contributor. Therefore, most likely there are some structural changes in the cationic sublattice, similar to what we reported for

Uniform Sb₂S₃ optical coatings by chemical spray method

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Arvo Mere and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 198–210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.18

• temperatures [16]. The vibrational bands corresponding to Sb2O3 were not detected by Raman spectroscopy in any of the studied glass/ITO/TiO2/Sb2S3 samples. X-ray diffraction (XRD) provides qualitative information on the phase composition and crystal structure. XRD patterns of reference glass/ITO/TiO2 samples

• 0.02°, 5°/min, silicon strip detector D/teX Ultra). The crystal structure and phase composition were analyzed using Rigaku PDXL 2 software. Optical total transmittance and total reflectance spectra of glass/ITO/TiO2 reference and glass/ITO/TiO2/Sb2S3 samples were measured in the 250–1600 nm range vs

Nanoporous water oxidation electrodes with a low loading of laser-deposited Ru/C exhibit enhanced corrosion stability

• Sandra Haschke,
• Dmitrii Pankin,
• Vladimir Mikhailovskii,
• Maïssa K. S. Barr,
• Adriana Both-Engel,
• Alina Manshina and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.15

• and baseline correction. The crystal structure was studied by powder X-ray diffraction measurements using a Bruker D8 Advance diffractometer in reflection mode and with Cu Kα1 radiation (λ = 1.54056 Å) and LynxEye XE-T detector. Monochromatized Al Kα XPS spectra were acquired on a PHI Quantera II

Characterization and influence of hydroxyapatite nanopowders on living cells

• Przemyslaw Oberbek,
• Tomasz Bolek,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Julia Rogowska-Tylman,
• Ganna Nechyporenko,
• Viktor Zinchenko,
• Wojciech Swieszkowski and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3079–3094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.286

• crystallinity of the samples, which was proven by XRD analysis (see Xc in Table 2). The only exception is HApSA+Si. Here, the manufacturer has provided a ratio of pure HAp, not of its mixture with silicone, which could be incorporated into the crystal structure. GoHAP375C, despite its low stoichiometry, had a