CuInSe₂ quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy on amorphous SiO₂ surfaces

• Henrique Limborço,
• Pedro M.P. Salomé,
• Rodrigo Ribeiro-Andrade,
• Jennifer P. Teixeira,
• Nicoleta Nicoara,
• Kamal Abderrafi,
• Joaquim P. Leitão,
• Juan C. Gonzalez and
• Sascha Sadewasser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1103–1111, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.110

• formation of a Cu–In–Se ordered defect compound, which has been reported to form along the tie-line of the (Cu2Se)x–(In2Se3)1−x pseudo-binary system [38][39], and which has a bandgap energy very close to that of CuInSe2 [40]. In this compositional region, i.e., low amounts of Cu compared with In, the so

Direct growth of few-layer graphene on AlN-based resonators for high-sensitivity gravimetric biosensors

• Jimena Olivares,
• Teona Mirea,
• Lorena Gordillo-Dagallier,
• Bruno Marco,
• José Miguel Escolano,
• Marta Clement and
• Enrique Iborra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 975–984, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.98

• functionalization platforms. On one hand, graphene containing defects (COOH groups) can be covalently functionalized by using an EDC/NHS zero-cross linker, which allows for the binding of primary amines present in proteins and antibodies [11][12]. On the other hand, defect-free graphene is highly hydrophobic, and

• of their characteristics and then functionalized to manufacture gravimetric biosensors, which eliminates the need to use complex transfer methods. Defect-free few-layer graphene was selectively grown through a low-temperature (650 °C) CVD process on Ni [16] thin-film catalysts previously evaporated

• graphene with better quality. The hydrophobic character of the surface was confirmed by dropping water on it with a pipette, which revealed the lack of liquid adhesion to the surface. We also analysed the influence of the process parameters (pressure, Ar/C2H2 flow ratio and cooling rate) on the defect

Rapid, ultraviolet-induced, reversibly switchable wettability of superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic surfaces

• Yunlu Pan,
• Wenting Kong,
• Bharat Bhushan and
• Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 866–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.87

• are generated on the TiO2 surfaces under UV illumination. The holes lead to the production of oxygen vacancies to enhance the adsorption of hydroxy groups, while the hydroxy groups are replaced by oxygen atoms that have a stronger bond on the defect sites during heating process. However, the change in

Renewable energy conversion using nano- and microstructured materials

• Harry Mönig and
• Martina Schmid

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 771–773, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.76

• extent, the difficulties in this endeavour originate from the complexity of interfaces nanostructured in three dimensions [22]. Relating the morphology to results from defect-spectroscopy experiments, theoretical models and device performance could be a valuable approach to comprehensively address such

Self-assembly and wetting properties of gold nanorod–CTAB molecules on HOPG

• Imtiaz Ahmad,
• Floor Derkink,
• Tim Boulogne,
• Pantelis Bampoulis,
• Harold J. W. Zandvliet,
• Hidayat Ullah Khan,
• Rahim Jan and
• E. Stefan Kooij

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 696–705, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.69

• time, whereas the ones on the right portion begin to disappear. We ascribe this disappearance of the stripes to originate from the dislocation of CTAB molecules, creating point defects. Such defects will make the molecules less tightly bound at the defect site, and hence, support the growth of defects

• typical substrate features on a micrometer length scale. Careful analysis of the stripe dimensions, i.e., width, height and spacing, suggest that the stripes consist of multiple hemi-cylinders separated by a distance corresponding to the length of a single CTAB molecule. With increasing scan time, defect

• ) Sequential AFM images depicting the dynamics of self-assembled CTAB stripes on terraces; for reference, a defect which acts as a vacancy nucleation site is indicated by the white arrows. (E) After the large stripes have completely disappeared, a corrugation of the surface is still observed; the inset depicts

Choosing a substrate for the ion irradiation of two-dimensional materials

• Egor A. Kolesov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 531–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.54

• defect formation mechanisms. The estimations include Monte Carlo simulations for He, Ar, Xe, C, N and Si ions, performed in the incident ion energy range from 100 eV to 250 MeV. Cu, SiO2, SiC and Al2O3 substrates were analyzed. The considered substrate-related defect formation mechanisms are sputtering

• a resultant defect yield [3]; on the other, it can participate in defect formation in the 2D material through energy transfer from sputtered substrate atoms moving through the monolayer [1][4]. When the energy is suitable, these atoms can become embedded into the 2D material crystal lattice, leading

• studies focus more on defect formation energies and probabilities. At the same time, comparing the expected extent of each mechanism can allow not only the exclusion of unwanted effects, but also the use of them for a more controllable engineering of the process, in order to obtain a desired result

Ceria/polymer nanocontainers for high-performance encapsulation of fluorophores

• Kartheek Katta,
• Dmitry Busko,
• Yuri Avlasevich,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Stanislav Baluschev and
• Rafael Muñoz-Espí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 522–530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.53

• excellent antioxidant properties, ideal for applications such as water-gas shift catalysis [40], combustion catalysis [41], oxygen ion conductors, and solid-oxide fuel cells [42]. Due to the valence and oxygen defect properties of cerium(IV) oxide, nanoparticles of this material are also used as efficient

Advanced scanning probe lithography using anatase-to-rutile transition to create localized TiO₂ nanorods

• Julian Kalb,
• Vanessa Knittel and
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 412–418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.40

• and might charge the film locally. The charges are likely trapped in defect states generated by the scratching process. Furthermore, the native silicon oxide layer prevents a quick charge transport into the conductive boron-doped silicon substrate. A charged film might attract the precursor more

Sub-wavelength waveguide properties of 1D and surface-functionalized SnO₂ nanostructures of various morphologies

• Venkataramana Bonu,
• Binaya Kumar Sahu,
• Arindam Das,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Sandip Dhara and
• Harish C. Barshilia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 379–388, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.37

• behavior was also demonstrated in tapered and surface-functionalized SnO2 NWs. While the tapered waveguide can allow for easy focusing of light, the simple surface chemistry offers selective light propagation by tuning the luminescence. Defect-related PL in NWs is studied using temperature-dependent

• -functionalized NBs are also demonstrated. The emission from these NWs, upon excitation with a 325 nm laser, are shown to originate from the defect emission. Temperature-dependent PL studies were carried out to probe the nature of defects in these NWs. A possible band diagram for the SnO2 NWs is proposed

• (n = 2.1) enables photonic confinement in the NW cavities. The observed waveguide nature arises from defect-controlled luminescence in the visible light range of SnO2 and detailed discussion is provided in the photoluminescence study section. For understanding the propagation of luminescence through

Effects of post-lithography cleaning on the yield and performance of CVD graphene-based devices

• Eduardo Nery Duarte de Araujo,
• Thiago Alonso Stephan Lacerda de Sousa,
• Luciano de Moura Guimarães and
• Flavio Plentz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 349–355, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.34

• terms of the mobility μc, associated to charged impurities scattering centers, according to [24][25][26]: The lattice defects can be modeled as a deep potential well of radius R, which gives rise to the mobility μd, as: where nd ~ (2RLa)−1 is the defect density and kF corresponds to the Fermi wave

Geometrical optimisation of core–shell nanowire arrays for enhanced absorption in thin crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells

• Robin Vismara,
• Olindo Isabella,
• Andrea Ingenito,
• Fai Tong Si and
• Miro Zeman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 322–331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.31

• defect removal etching [53], which would dramatically improve the surface passivation. Geometrical study of nanowire arrays To further understand the interaction of light with nanowires, and how the presence of the NW array affects the absorption in the active silicon layer, optical simulations were used

Site-specific growth of oriented ZnO nanocrystal arrays

• Rekha Bai,
• Dinesh K. Pandya,
• Sujeet Chaudhary,
• Veer Dhaka,
• Vladislav Khayrudinov,
• Jori Lemettinen,
• Christoffer Kauppinen and
• Harri Lipsanen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 274–280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.26

• added in the reaction bath, the incorporation of some exotic metal ions in the ZnO lattice may produce some inadvertent defect levels and charge carrier recombination centers, in turn deteriorating some of the important material properties. Moreover, these reactants are responsible for changing the

Study of silica-based intrinsically emitting nanoparticles produced by an excimer laser

• Imène Reghioua,
• Mattia Fanetti,
• Sylvain Girard,
• Diego Di Francesca,
• Simonpietro Agnello,
• Layla Martin-Samos,
• Marco Cannas,
• Matjaz Valant,
• Melanie Raine,
• Marc Gaillardin,
• Nicolas Richard,
• Philippe Paillet,
• Aziz Boukenter,
• Youcef Ouerdane and
• Antonino Alessi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 211–221, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.19

• of the silica by facilitating energy absorption processes such as multiphoton absorption or by introducing absorbing point defects. Defect generation in bulk pure silica before nanoparticle production starts is also suggested by our results. Regarding the Ge-doped samples, scanning electron

• in the glass network and the addition of Ge decreases the silica band gap [18][21][22][23]. The presence of Ge is associated with the appearance of new structures of optically active point defects such as the so-called germanium lone pair center (GLPC) [19][24]. This defect is responsible for an

• detecting the Ge atoms with EDX measurements. The suggestion that the addition of Ge atoms (which results in lowering the band-gap and introducing defect species with an absorption band at 5.1 eV) is able to facilitate the nanoparticle generation is confirmed by the high difference (about one order of

Wet chemistry route for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles for gas sensing

• Hussam M. Elnabawy,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Badawi Anis,
• Mostafa Fedawy,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Ahmed S. G. Khalil,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Xavier Vilanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 105–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.10

• distribution histograms can be found in Supporting Information File 5, Figure S6). For all the decorated samples we have used the same source of acidic-functionalized MWCNTs. Accordingly, all the MWCNTs used have, more or less, the same defect size and distribution on the side walls. As the amount of iron salt

Pull-off and friction forces of micropatterned elastomers on soft substrates: the effects of pattern length scale and stiffness

• Peter van Assenbergh,
• Marike Fokker,
• Julian Langowski,
• Jan van Esch,
• Marleen Kamperman and
• Dimitra Dodou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 79–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.8

• pull-off and friction forces, such as defect control and crack trapping, as reported in the literature for hard substrates, seem to disappear on soft substrates. The dimple geometry with a terminal layer generated significantly higher pull-off forces compared to other geometries, presumably due to

• - and/or nanoscale fibrillar geometries have been reported [7], where the flexibility of the individual fibrils leads to a low Eeff [8]. Furthermore, micropatterns with a fibrillar geometry have been shown to have better defect control [9] and better stress distribution [10] compared to smooth adhesives

• material is used for the micropattern, the Eeff is low, leading to better defect control, stress distribution, and contact stiffness compared to micropatterns made of stiffer materials [22]. Also, the strength of the contacts formed between the adhesive and the substrate is affected by the material

Amorphous Ni_xCo_yP-supported TiO₂ nanotube arrays as an efficient hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalyst in acidic solution

• Yong Li,
• Peng Yang,
• Bin Wang and
• Zhongqing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 62–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.6

• to large-scale industrial application. Amorphous catalysts intrinsically contain more defect sites which probably work as active centers compared to the crystalline counterparts. A representative work is that by Zhang et al. where they synthesized Ni–Co–P/nickel foam electrodes via a facile

Surface plasmon resonance enhancement of photoluminescence intensity and bioimaging application of gold nanorod@CdSe/ZnS quantum dots

• Siyi Hu,
• Yu Ren,
• Yue Wang,
• Jinhua Li,
• Junle Qu,
• Liwei Liu,
• Hanbin Ma and
• Yuguo Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 22–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.3

• suggests that when metal or chemical materials are doped with QDs, the number of surface trap states (which can lead to exponential PL decay) is affected by the surface passivation and by the degree of quantum confinement. In CdSe/ZnS QDs with higher defect densities, binding with GNRs having very

• . Here, B is a percentage of the lifetime and t is the lifetime. From Figure 4 we can see that the band edge of the QDs is near 500 nm and the band edge of our CdSe/ZnS sample is calculated to be about 2.48 eV, which is larger than the value of 1.76 eV for CdSe, thus the PL of CdSe/ZnS is surface defect

Accurate control of the covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes for the electro-enzymatically controlled oxidation of biomolecules

• Naoual Allali,
• Veronika Urbanova,
• Mathieu Etienne,
• Xavier Devaux,
• Martine Mallet,
• Brigitte Vigolo,
• Jean-Joseph Adjizian,
• Chris P. Ewels,
• Sven Oberg,
• Alexander V. Soldatov,
• Edward McRae,
• Yves Fort,
• Manuel Dossot and
• Victor Mamane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2750–2762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.257

• Raman spectrum of a dispersive defect-induced band, called the D band, around 1350 cm−1. Figure 8 reports the Raman spectra of raw, oxidized and functionalized samples using a laser wavelength of 514 nm. In Figure S3 (Supporting Information File 1), some Raman spectra obtained for the samples using a

Oriented zinc oxide nanorods: A novel saturable absorber for lasers in the near-infrared

• Pavel Loiko,
• Tanujjal Bora,
• Josep Maria Serres,
• Haohai Yu,
• Magdalena Aguiló,
• Francesc Díaz,
• Uwe Griebner,
• Valentin Petrov,
• Xavier Mateos and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2730–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.255

• were grown hydrothermally (in oxygen-rich conditions) one can expect the presence of zinc vacancies that have a low formation energy under such conditions. The singly charged zinc vacancy (VZn−1) is typically located at 0.8–0.9 eV above the ZnO valence band (VB) [9][33][34]. This defect site can be a

• of electrons from the conduction band (CB) to the VB of ZnO (band-to-band transition). The violet emission near 0.415 µm can be assigned to the radiative recombination of electrons from a zinc interstitial (Zni) defect level, typically located ≈0.22 eV below the CB, to the VB of ZnO [35]. The PL band

• the singly (VO+1) and doubly charged (VO+2) oxygen vacancy states of ZnO, respectively [36][37][38]. Based on these assignments, a schematic diagram showing the position of the various defect states within the bandgap of ZnO and the corresponding PL lines is presented in Figure 3e. Absorption

Disorder in H⁺-irradiated HOPG: effect of impinging energy and dose on Raman D-band splitting and surface topography

• Lisandro Venosta,
• Noelia Bajales,
• Sergio Suárez and
• Paula G. Bercoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2708–2717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.253

• characterization showed a distribution of surface defects, which were ascribed to the burst of hydrogen blisters formed as a consequence of the irradiation process. The results presented in this work contribute to the current trend in nanotechnology in areas devoted to the control of properties by defect

• clear explanation of the dependence of the D-band components on the irradiation parameters together with the type of defect is still a challenge. Hydrogen-irradiated carbon allotropes have received special attention as promising materials to develop hydrogen storage devices [16][17][18][19][20][21], as

• 2D-band relative to G-band intensity, in addition to a band located around 2950 cm−1, assigned to a combination mode (D + D′) [18]. It was also found that multilayer graphene with the same top-layer defect density as single-layer graphene exhibits a lower ID/IG ratio because intact sub-layers with π

Optimization of Mo/Cr bilayer back contacts for thin-film solar cells

• Nima Khoshsirat,
• Fawad Ali,
• Vincent Tiing Tiong,
• Mojtaba Amjadipour,
• Hongxia Wang,
• Mahnaz Shafiei and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2700–2707, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.252

• is beneficial and can enhance the electro-optical properties of the absorber layer [41][42][43][44][45]. On the other side, Cr incorporation in CIGS absorber layer reduces the cell performance due to creation of deep defect levels in the CIGS layer [46]. In order to investigate the diffusion

Silencing the second harmonic generation from plasmonic nanodimers: A comprehensive discussion

• Jérémy Butet,
• Gabriel D. Bernasconi and
• Olivier J. F. Martin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2674–2683, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.250

• from a practical point of view, since the second harmonic light is often collected in these two directions. Note that the case of a single defect located in the gap has been considered in a previous publication, showing the same behavior [36]. Gold dimers made of rectangular arms In this last section

Nanoantenna structures for the detection of phonons in nanocrystals

• Alexander G. Milekhin,
• Sergei A. Kuznetsov,
• Ilya A. Milekhin,
• Larisa L. Sveshnikova,
• Tatyana A. Duda,
• Ekaterina E. Rodyakina,
• Alexander V. Latyshev,
• Volodymyr M. Dzhagan and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2646–2656, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.246

• current’s symmetry. The simplest way to the symmetry breakdown is to deform the nanoantenna shape. Such a defect-induced activation of the 2nd-order LSPR mode was observed for non-ideal nanoantennas at normal incidence [37]. The second way to the symmetry breakdown condition is off-normal illumination [38

Exploring the photoleakage current and photoinduced negative bias instability in amorphous InGaZnO thin-film transistors with various active layer thicknesses

• Dapeng Wang and
• Mamoru Furuta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2573–2580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.239

• are exactly identical, except the deposition duration, the results suggest that the variation in the SS value mainly originates from the density of defect states in the active layer. Correspondingly, the obtained results indicate that the increase in the Nt majorly stems from the increase of the IGZO

• channel layer is totally depleted under the negative VGS bias since the TIGZO is less than the Debye length. Therefore, the photoexcited electrons and holes will be respectively accumulated and trapped at the IGZO/etch-stopper and the GI/IGZO interfaces. Meanwhile, the defect states are generated, which

• originate from the photoexcited VO+/VO2+. In the forward measurement, the transfer curves exhibit a positive shift in the VGS direction with a hump at the turn-on voltage region when the NBIS duration exceeds 1000 s, which is attributed to the synergistic effects of the generated defect states and the

ZnO-nanostructure-based electrochemical sensor: Effect of nanostructure morphology on the sensing of heavy metal ions

• Marina Krasovska,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Irena Mihailova,
• Andrejs Ogurcovs,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Andrejs Gerbreders and
• Pavels Sarajevs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2421–2431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.227

• improvements in nanotube adsorption rates compared to similar diameter nanorods and nanoneedles are associated with both the increase in surface area (via the formation of a cavity) and the adsorption bonds due to surface defect sites. A large number of defects can be explained by the fact that, unlike

• ZnO nanoplates, the measured CV curve shows even better results in the reduction component than in the case of nanotubes, thereby proving the effectiveness of porous structures: adsorption bonds, which are located on surface defect sites or on metastable polar planes, have a better ability to form

• higher sensitivity than nanorods and nanoneedles. This confirms that adsorption bonds associated with defect states contribute more to the process than the adsorption bonds, which are located on the nonpolar, side surfaces. This fact was also confirmed by an additional experiment on ZnO nanoplates. The