Sulfur-, nitrogen- and platinum-doped titania thin films with high catalytic efficiency under visible-light illumination

• Boštjan Žener,
• Lev Matoh,
• Giorgio Carraro,
• Bojan Miljević and
• Romana Cerc Korošec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1629–1640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.155

• are stable under normal conditions. They have been shown to damage ecosystems when expelled into water systems, and pose very serious health risks to humans, because they can form aromatic amines, which are potentially carcinogenic substances. Furthermore, when the excess dye is expelled into

• degradation rate of PB, an organic dye. The concentration of PB at different illumination times was determined by measuring its UV–vis absorbance spectra and calculating using the Beer–Lambert law (Equation 2). In this equation, A is the absorbance of the PB solution at 527 nm excitation at different

• nitrate (NH4NO3) from Zorka Šabac; hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC, Mw = 100.000 g/mol) from Sigma-Aldrich; plasmocorinth B (PB, dye content ≈60%) from Sigma-Aldrich; thiourea (pro analysis) from Kemika and urea (98%) from Acros Organics. Synthesis Titanium dioxide was prepared by a particulate sol–gel

Closed polymer containers based on phenylboronic esters of resorcinarenes

• Tatiana Yu. Sergeeva,
• Rezeda K. Mukhitova,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Polina D. Klypina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1594–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.151

• release of dye is achieved by lowering the pH value to 3 or by adding glucose. Keywords: boronic acid; polymer nanocontainer; resorcinarene; responsive release; Introduction Boronic acids effectively interact with diols [1][2][3][4] that have found application in various fields: in the recognition and

• dyes and does not significantly affect their optical characteristics. As it is evident from Figure S9 (Supporting Information File 1), the dye spectra practically do not change in the presence of 10-fold excess of SRA. D@p(SRA-B) are stable in water and no D was released over a time of more than three

• changed upon acidification. As it is known, Fl is a pH-sensitive fluorescent dye. Its fluorescence decreases during the switch from alkaline to acidic media. The same happens for Fl@p(SRA-B). A decrease of the pH value to 5 results in a decrease in emission intensity of Fl@p(SRA-B) (Figure 3). However, at

Optical near-field mapping of plasmonic nanostructures prepared by nanosphere lithography

• Gitanjali Kolhatkar,
• Alexandre Merlen,
• Jiawei Zhang,
• Chahinez Dab,
• Gregory Q. Wallace,
• François Lagugné-Labarthet and
• Andreas Ruediger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1536–1543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.144

• with a femtosecond laser, thereby inducing polymerization at the hot spots. In another approach, based on confocal fluorescence microscopy, a dye solution is deposited on the samples, and the higher fluorescence magnitude originating from the hot spots is measured [19]. However, these last four

Cr(VI) remediation from aqueous environment through modified-TiO₂-mediated photocatalytic reduction

• Rashmi Acharya,
• Brundabana Naik and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1448–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.137

• Cr(VI) was evaluated and compared with that of bare TiO2. The photoactivity of dye-sensitized TiO2 for reduction of Cr(VI) was also discussed. The mechanism for enhanced photocatalytic activity was highlighted and attributed to the resultant properties, namely, effective separation of photoinduced

• with carbon-based advanced materials, noble metals, oxides and sulfides of transition metals for enhanced photocatalytic activity towards degradation of Cr(VI). The photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) over dye-sensitized TiO2 is also briefly discussed. The present review article has been divided into

• range of TiO2 by modification with metal sulfides. The enhancement in photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) over noble-metal-modified TiO2 is depicted in section five whereas section six includes the use of dye-sensitized TiO2 for photoreduction of Cr(VI). Optical and electrochemical characteristics of

Nanoporous silicon nitride-based membranes of controlled pore size, shape and areal density: Fabrication as well as electrophoretic and molecular filtering characterization

• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Stefan Beirle,
• Fabian Enderle,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Othmar Marti and
• Alfred Plettl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1390–1398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.131

• well as FIB-drilled single pores is carried out. Subsequently, molecular filtering as a direct application of our nanoporous membranes is demonstrated: Successful size-selective separation of dye molecules and labeled proteins is observed by real-time fluorescence microscopy. Results and Discussion

• membrane The larger, ATTO-labeled TG molecules, given by the black data points, are completely blocked; only background signals were detected. After 120 min, a droplet of the red dye ATTO (ATTO 647N, mass 843 Da) was added to exclude a relevant influence of ATTO on the diffusivity of the labeled TG. For

• completely in the supply reservoir. After 120 min, the dye molecule ATTO is added and observed instantly behind the membrane. Pore sizes from top view HRSEM images of the analyzed membranes A, B, and C. Supporting Information Supporting information features: parameters for the fabrication of the membranes

Ag₂WO₄ nanorods decorated with AgI nanoparticles: Novel and efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysts for the degradation of water pollutants

• Shijie Li,
• Shiwei Hu,
• Wei Jiang,
• Yanping Liu,
• Yu Liu,
• Yingtang Zhou,
• Liuye Mo and
• Jianshe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1308–1316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.123

• photocatalytic performance for dye degradation under light irradiation [30][31][36][37]. Unfortunately, due to its wide bandgap of about 3.1 eV, Ag2WO4 has limited photocatalytic activity under sunlight, which severely limits its application and illustrates the urgency for optimization of Ag2WO4 to overcome

Semi-automatic spray pyrolysis deposition of thin, transparent, titania films as blocking layers for dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells

• Hana Krýsová,
• Josef Krýsa and
• Ladislav Kavan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1135–1145, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.105

• function of the negative electrode of dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells, the deposition of a nonporous blocking film is required on the surface of F-doped SnO2 (FTO) glass substrates. Such a blocking film can minimise undesirable parasitic processes, for example, the back reaction of photoinjected

• properties that were not influenced by post-calcination. These results will surely find use in the fabrication of large-scale dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells. Keywords: blocking films; FTO; solar cells; spray pyrolysis deposition; titanium dioxide; Introduction Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs

• ), solid state dye-sensitized solar cells (SSDSSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are attractive alternatives to solid state photovoltaics at competitive cost. The general concept of a DSSC is based on a liquid junction photo-electrochemical cell with a nanocrystalline TiO2 photoanode that is

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• process to synthesize ≈5 nm diameter PbS NPs for hair dye [23]. Similarly, “Egyptian blue” was the first synthetic pigment which was prepared and used by Egyptians using a sintered mixture nanometer-sized glass and quartz around 3rd century BC [24]. Egyptian blue represents a multifaceted mixture of

• creating enhanced Earth-based astronomical telescopes with adaptive optics and magnetic mirrors with the shape-shifting capability made up of ferrofluids [38][39]. TiO2 NPs are commercially used in solar cells with dye-sensitization ability [40]. In summer 2012, Logitech brought an external iPad keyboard

• powered by light on the market, representing the first major commercial use of dye-sensitized solar cells. In 2005, Abraxane™, which is a human serum albumin NP material containing paclitaxel, was manufactured, commercialized and released in the pharmaceutical market [41]. In 2014, there were about 1814

Electro-optical interfacial effects on a graphene/π-conjugated organic semiconductor hybrid system

• Karolline A. S. Araujo,
• Luiz A. Cury,
• Matheus J. S. Matos,
• Thales F. D. Fernandes,
• Luiz G. Cançado and
• Bernardo R. A. Neves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 963–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.90

• -doped graphene. The most stable structure α (Figure 2) leads to a charge density of 1.10 × 1013 cm−2 (1.17 × 1013 cm−2) which was estimated via Mulliken population analysis (Hirshfeld method) [19][20][21]. Retinoic acid is a well-known dye molecule with potential applications in solar cells [22][23][24

• systems, where interfacial effects modulate the final properties, creates even further possibilities in the design and operation of innovative devices. The present work paves a few steps forward in this direction. Here, we have demonstrated a novel configuration of the employed dye: a highly ordered self

Facile chemical routes to mesoporous silver substrates for SERS analysis

• Elina A. Tastekova,
• Alexander Y. Polyakov,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Alexander V. Sidorov,
• Alexandra A. Oshmyanskaya,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Dmitry V. Shtansky,
• Wolgang Grünert and
• Anastasia V. Grigorieva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 880–889, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.82

• processes from the dye. It was surprising that the mp-Ag deposited onto a glass slide and the mp-Ag/Ag slides of porous silver demonstrated a detection limit for the model dye of 10−8–10−9 M, which is close to the characteristics for most thick porous substrates [32]. However, the spectra for the 10−9 and

• rather intense signal of the dye already at 10−8 M. The most intense SERS bands in the spectra were related to ν(C–C) stretching vibrations of the aromatic core and, namely, 1362(s), 1508(s), 1540(m), 1573(s), 1602(w), and 1650(s) cm−1 were observed to identify R6G. The bands in the lower Raman shift

• of porous Ag blocks. Probably, the presence of macropores in the porous Ag aggregates leads to better penetration of the dye into the pores, decreasing the effective percentage of the analyte at the surface. The mp-Ag/Ag slides demonstrated worse wettability and better uniformity at the surface

Perfusion double-channel micropipette probes for oxygen flux mapping with single-cell resolution

• Yang Gao,
• Bin Li,
• Riju Singhal,
• Adam Fontecchio,
• Ben Pelleg,
• Zulfiya Orynbayeva,
• Yury Gogotsi and
• Gary Friedman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 850–860, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.79

• studied below using a finite element model (FEM) of the double-barrel pipette with perfusion. To validate this model, we first compare hydrodynamic confinement obtained from the model with experiments using a fluorescent dye. Later in the paper, we also show that FEM results agree qualitatively with a

• at a fixed rate of 5 µL/min through one channel, while pressures from 2 to 16 hPa are applied to the injection channel. Experimentally observed diffusion of the fluorescent dye for different injection pressures is shown in Figure 2a. Two qualitative trends can be noted. One is the increasing size of

• ) starts to evolve and tilt more towards the extraction channel. Therefore, the average dye concentration in the extraction channel also increases as the injection pressure is increased. Figure 2b shows the results of the FEM where the pipette diameter at the tip and other geometrical parameters of the

Facile synthesis of a ZnO–BiOI p–n nano-heterojunction with excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Mengyuan Zhang,
• Jiaqian Qin,
• Pengfei Yu,
• Bing Zhang,
• Mingzhen Ma,
• Xinyu Zhang and
• Riping Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.72

• NH4HCO3 can homogenize the constituent in a relatively smaller range of pH. By tuning the ratio of Zn/Bi, the morphology, which also plays a vital role in photocatalytic dye degradation, varied from nanoplates, to flowers to nanoparticles. The obtained ZnO/BiOI heterostructured nanocomposites showed a

• comparison, the blank group was conducted under the same conditions. The results can be intuitively observed in Figure 6a, where C0 represents the initial dye concentration and C is the concentration after the photocatalytic testing. The results show that the degradation performance of ZnO and BiOI are quite

• , the degradation degree still remains at 95% photocatalytic activity compared to the result of the first cycle, indicating the stability and the reuse ability are considerably high. It is known that the degradation of organic dye is realized through redox reactions, which are mainly dependent on the

Synthesis and characterization of two new TiO₂-containing benzothiazole-based imine composites for organic device applications

• Anna Różycka,
• Agnieszka Iwan,
• Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz,
• Michal Filapek,
• Natalia Górska,
• Damian Pociecha,
• Marek Malinowski,
• Patryk Fryń,
• Agnieszka Hreniak,
• Jakub Rysz,
• Paweł Dąbczyński and
• Monika Marzec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 721–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.67

• makes it a good substitute for expensive Spiro-OMeTAD [28]. Recently, asymmetrical azomethine with porphiryne moieties was tested in dye-sensitized solar cells and a PCE of 1.75% was achieved [24], while azomethine with triphenylamine, thiophene and thiazolo moieties showed a PCE of 2.2% [30]. Titanium

• like in a dye-sensitized solar cell model system [49]. The influence of TiO2 on the molecular behavior and structure of both SP1 and SP2 benzothiazole derivatives has been also studied by FT-MIR spectroscopy, and the results are presented in Figure 11. The IR spectra of the SP1:TiO2 and SP2:TiO2

• independently from the ratio of compound: TiO2. Moreover, this becomes a two-step process with well-exhibited maxima. This implies that TiO2 provides not only a larger surface area for sensitizer adsorption and good electron transport [50], but can also shift the dye energy levels by intermolecular interaction

Perovskite-structured CaTiO₃ coupled with g-C₃N₄ as a heterojunction photocatalyst for organic pollutant degradation

• Ashish Kumar,
• Christian Schuerings,
• Suneel Kumar,
• Ajay Kumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 671–685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.62

• rhodamine B (RhB) dye under UV, visible and natural sunlight irradiation. Also, the degradation of a non-photosensitizing colorless pollutant, BPA, was also studied under sunlight to eliminate the doubt of RhB photosensitization in the photocatalytic activity. The CTCN heterojunction offers enhanced light

• The evaluation of the photocatalytic performance of CTCN heterojunction and control samples was performed by monitoring the degradation of a model dye, RhB, which is a carcinogenic organic pollutant and is used illegally in the food industries in many countries [40]. The photocatalytic degradation

• for 1 h in the dark to establish complete equilibrium of adsorption/desorption between the photocatalyst and the RhB dye before being subjected to irradiation. Blank experiments were also performed in the absence of any photocatalyst to observe the stability of RhB. During the photocatalytic reaction

Mechanistic insights into plasmonic photocatalysts in utilizing visible light

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Azrina Abd Aziz,
• Lan Ching Sim,
• Pichiah Saravanan,
• Min Jang and
• Detlef Bahnemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 628–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.59

• -induced fluorescence methods This highly sensitive method is employed to detect an low concentration of •OH radicals in the atmosphere. Figure 15a shows the experimental framework to measure the •OH radicals generated from irradiated TiO2 [128]. A dye laser, which acts as a source of the emission

Facile synthesis of ZnFe₂O₄ photocatalysts for decolourization of organic dyes under solar irradiation

• Arjun Behera,
• Debasmita Kandi,
• Sanjit Manohar Majhi,
• Satyabadi Martha and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 436–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.42

• ) under solar irradiation was determined. To know the self-degradation of the dye, a control experiment was carried out by exposing Congo red solution to the light source for 30 min. The results showed that the Congo red solution could not be photo-degraded in the absence of the photocatalyst. In the next

Temperature-tunable lasing from dye-doped chiral microdroplets encapsulated in a thin polymeric film

• Gia Petriashvili,
• Mauro Daniel Luigi Bruno,
• Maria Penelope De Santo and
• Riccardo Barberi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 379–383, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.37

• 87036, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.9.37 Abstract In the last decade, much interest has grown around the possibility to use liquid-crystal droplets as optical microcavities and lasers. In particular, 3D laser emission from dye-doped cholesteric liquid crystals confined inside microdroplets paves the way for

• the field of sensors and for the development of anti-counterfeiting labels. Keywords: chiral microdroplets; dye-doped cholesteric liquid crystals; laser; polymeric films; temperature tuning; Introduction Liquid crystalline materials show peculiar optical properties. Cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs

• mirror-less lasers. In fact, when a CLC is doped with a fluorescent dye, the latter plays the role of the active medium inside a resonator. In 1980, for the first time Ilchishin demonstrated lasing from a dye-doped CLC (DD-CLC) [5]. Since then, laser emission has been demonstrated in several CLC based

Photocatalytic and adsorption properties of TiO₂-pillared montmorillonite obtained by hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes

• Mikhail F. Butman,
• Nikolay L. Ovchinnikov,
• Nikita S. Karasev,
• Nataliya E. Kochkina,
• Alexander V. Agafonov and
• Alexandr V. Vinogradov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 364–378, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.36

• dyes (anionic type MO and cationic type RhB) was assessed by measuring a decrease in concentration in the dark and under UV irradiation. It is known that the efficiency of dye removal from aqueous solutions on TiO2-pillared MM is determined by the additive process of photolysis, adsorption, and

• ], which may be respectively represented by the following equations: where Qt and Qe are the amounts of adsorbed dye per unit weight of adsorbent at a given time t (mg/g) and at equilibrium, respectively; k1 and k2 are the adsorption rate constants of pseudo-first (min−1) and pseudo-second order (mg g−1

• 100 minutes. The kinetics of dye adsorption on all pillared materials under study is amenable to the pseudo-first order kinetic model. The electrostatic interaction (negative charge of modified clay particles) was found to be related to a high adsorption capacity in removing cationic dyes as compared

Sugarcane juice derived carbon dot–graphitic carbon nitride composites for bisphenol A degradation under sunlight irradiation

• Lan Ching Sim,
• Jing Lin Wong,
• Chen Hong Hak,
• Jun Yan Tai,
• Kah Hon Leong and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 353–363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.35

• -driven photocatalysis. Prasannan and Imae reported a simple and facile one-pot synthesis of fluorescent CDs from orange waste peels using the hydrothermal carbonization method. As prepared CDs were combined with zinc oxide (ZnO) to degrade naphthol blue–black azo dye under UV irradiation, and the

Nanoparticle delivery to metastatic breast cancer cells by nanoengineered mesenchymal stem cells

• Liga Saulite,
• Karlis Pleiko,
• Ineta Popena,
• Dominyka Dapkute,
• Ricardas Rotomskis and
• Una Riekstina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 321–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.32

• ’-dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine perchlorate (DiO) in complete medium for 45 min at 37 °C and counterstained with Hoechst dye. The cells were then trypsinised and seeded in 3D culture for 24 h. The spheroids were then transferred to 4-well chamber slides. All reagents were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham

Wafer-scale bioactive substrate patterning by chemical lift-off lithography

• Chong-You Chen,
• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hsiang-Hua Li,
• Hong-Hseng Chan and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 311–320, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.31

• probe is first inserted into the post lift-off region, and its complimentary nucleotide partner is thereafter introduced. Before the binding partner introduction, the fluorescence signal is quenched by the close distance of the dye to Au, where the subsequently observed high-contrast fluorescence image

• are therefore reduced with the increase of UT molecule ratio in the matrix. It is important to note that although single-stranded DNA probes may adsorb nonspecifically on methyl-terminated SAMs [35], their contribution to fluorescence image contrast is deducted due to the close dye-to-Au distance

Anchoring of a dye precursor on NiO(001) studied by non-contact atomic force microscopy

• Sara Freund,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Nathalie Marinakis,
• Edwin C. Constable,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Catherine E. Housecroft and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 242–249, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.26

• hybrid devices such as dye-sensitized solar cells. However, a key parameter for optimized interfaces is not only the choice of the compounds but also the properties of adsorption. Here, we investigated the deposition of an organic dye precursor molecule on a NiO(001) single crystal surface by means of

• photovoltaics such as dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) [1][2][3][4]. In the latter field, the wide band gap n-type semiconductor TiO2 has become one of the most common metal oxides for the design of classical n-type DSSCs, and is therefore a widely studied material, in particular in the field of scanning

• probe microscopy (SPM) [5]. Through the adsorption of a large variety of dye molecules, the ability of sensitized TiO2 to absorb light can be triggered and tuned. Thus, the possibility of designing photoactive devices with anodes consisting of nanostructured and functionalized TiO2 leads to numerous

Dielectric properties of a bisimidazolium salt with dodecyl sulfate anion doped with carbon nanotubes

• Doina Manaila Maximean,
• Viorel Cîrcu and
• Constantin Paul Ganea

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 164–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.19

• low frequencies confirm the presence of EP. Keywords: activation energy; carbon nanotubes; dielectric spectroscopy; ionic liquid crystal; relaxation time; Introduction Ionic liquid crystals (ILCs) represent a very appealing class of materials that has found various recent applications in dye

CdSe nanorod/TiO₂ nanoparticle heterojunctions with enhanced solar- and visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Fakher Laatar,
• Hatem Moussa,
• Halima Alem,
• Lavinia Balan,
• Emilien Girot,
• Ghouti Medjahdi,
• Hatem Ezzaouia and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2741–2752, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.273

• photocatalyst, the photodegradation of RhB was found to be negligible. As shown in Figure 6a, the highest photocatalytic activity was reached for the CdSe (2 wt %)/TiO2 material which fully bleached the dye in 150 min. Thereafter, the activity decreases when increasing the amount of CdSe NRs associated to TiO2

• discolored during photocatalytic experiments (Figure 6c) and the dye was also partially decomposed (the TOC value decreased from 6.9 ± 0.3 to 2.4 ± 0.2 mg/L after the 150 min of irradiation). The temporal evolution of the UV–vis absorption spectra is displayed in Figure 6b. The intensity of the RhB

• absorption from 250 to 600 nm decreases over time. A blue shift (from 553 to 503 nm) of the main absorption peak is also observed, which is indicative of stepwise N-de-ethylation of the dye during the photocatalytic process [52]. The plots of ln(C0/C) of RhB vs irradiation time indicate that the

Hyperthermic intracavitary nanoaerosol therapy (HINAT) as an improved approach for pressurised intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC): Technical description, experimental validation and first proof of concept

• Daniel Göhler,
• Stephan Große,
• Alexander Bellendorf,
• Thomas Albert Falkenstein,
• Mehdi Ouaissi,
• Jürgen Zieren,
• Michael Stintz and
• Urs Giger-Pabst

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2729–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.272

• droplet deposition based on the formation of an electrical field between electrode and grounded peritoneum, a significant dye staining could be observed near the electrode as shown in Figure 10. In contrast to the extracavitary-charged HINAT-LAU aerosol, PIPAC-MIP operation with aqueous methylene blue