Ion mobility and material transport on KBr in air as a function of the relative humidity

• Dominik J. Kirpal,
• Korbinian Pürckhauer,
• Alfred J. Weymouth and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2084–2093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.203

• %. Therefore, a low coverage of the surface with water molecules is expected. When probing the surface at such low humidity, the mobility of ions is expected to be reduced. A large rectangular defect with an edge length of about 80 nm × 60 nm with a depth of up to 4.3 nm (see Figure 4) was created with the

• mobility) or a real physical effect. While in this example it is difficult to differentiate, further examples shown in this work all show a similar pattern that the accumulated material erodes quicker than the defect fills. This makes us conclude that it is indeed a real physical effect. Scratching holes

• on the surface. This state is observed by the AFM technique as the surface topography. (2) In the second state the ions are dissolved in the hydration layer or in a physiosorbed or precursor state [30], which shows a high mobility and cannot be imaged. The material from the accumulation over time

Improvement of the thermoelectric properties of a MoO₃ monolayer through oxygen vacancies

• Wenwen Zheng,
• Wei Cao,
• Ziyu Wang,
• Huixiong Deng,
• Jing Shi and
• Rui Xiong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2031–2038, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.199

• materials show a better thermoelectric performance than bulk materials [14]. Few-layer MoO3 nanosheets have already been experimentally synthesized by exfoliation similar to graphene [12][13][15][16]. Theoretical research has proved that few-layer MoO3 possesses a markedly high carrier mobility above 3000

• of the relaxation time τ, we apply the deformation potential (DP) theory [25] where τ is estimated by τ = μm*/e. The carrier mobility μ2D in 2D materials is given by Where m* is the effective mass and md is the density of states (DOS) mass determined by E1 is the DP constant and C2D is the elastic

• modulus. All parameters corresponding to the carrier mobility and the effective mass are taken from [17] and summarized in Table 1. As for phononic transport properties, we calculate the thermal conductivity of the lattice using the Boltzmann transport theory as implemented in the Quantum ESPRESSO (QE

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• , the adsorbed H2S gas molecules induce a current between the source and drain. Changes in the intermolecular packing of the sensing organic crystals may cause more exposure of active sites to H2S gas and dramatic shifts of mobility, resulting in unexpectedly high sensitivity. This example indicates

• electron mobility transistors were used to dynamically monitor changes in the transmembrane potential, as reported by Lee, Wang, and co-workers [110]. Here, circulating tumor cells of colorectal cancer together with cellular bioelectric signals were investigated. The proposed sensor design would also be

• . Ultrathin film nanoarchitectures are crucial not only for the facile contact between analytes and the sensor device but also with respect to the carrier mobility for semiconductor-based sensor devices. The enhancement of sensor performance on ultrathin films has been recognized in several recent research

Gold-coated plant virus as computed tomography imaging contrast agent

• Alaa A. A. Aljabali,
• Mazhar S. Al Zoubi,
• Khalid M. Al-Batanyeh,
• Ali Al-Radaideh,
• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Abeer Al Sharabi,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Bayan AbuFares,
• Tasnim Al-Zanati,
• Murtaza M. Tambuwala,
• Naveed Akbar and
• David J. Evans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1983–1993, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.195

• directly, rather it is deduced from the electrophoretic mobility of the charged NPs under an applied electric field. The electrophoretic mobility toward the positive or the negative electrode determines the zeta potential values as negative or positive. The zeta potential values for Au-CPMV particles of

Porous silver-coated pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogel nanocapsules

• William W. Bryan,
• Riddhiman Medhi,
• Maria D. Marquez,
• Supparesk Rittikulsittichai,
• Michael Tran and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1973–1982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.194

• advantages over bulk materials in terms of reactive surface area, mobility, carrier capacity, bioavailability, and absorption/scattering across a broad range of wavelengths, even into the near-infrared (NIR) [7][8][9][10]. Nanostructured composites have been reported in a variety of shapes, sizes, and

Oblique angle deposition of nickel thin films by high-power impulse magnetron sputtering

• Hamidreza Hajihoseini,
• Movaffaq Kateb,
• Snorri Þorgeir Ingvarsson and
• Jon Tomas Gudmundsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1914–1921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.186

• as less inclined grain growth [58]. In addition, in the HiPIMS process, energetic ions are likely to have enough kinetic energy to induce some mobility of the film forming species on the film surface, which eliminates the columnar growth caused by the shadow effect. Greczynki et al. [42] and Elofsson

Preservation of rutin nanosuspensions without the use of preservatives

• Pascal L. Stahr and
• Cornelia M. Keck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1902–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.185

• . Measurements were performed via laser-Doppler-anemometry (LDA) by using a Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Panalytical GmbH, Germany), which determines the electrophoretic mobility (EM), which was then converted into the ZP by using the Helmholtz–Smoluchowski equation [21]. Determination of antioxidant capacity: The

Charge-transfer interactions between fullerenes and a mesoporous tetrathiafulvalene-based metal–organic framework

• Manuel Souto,
• Joaquín Calbo,
• Samuel Mañas-Valero,
• Aron Walsh and
• Guillermo Mínguez Espallargas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.183

• ]. Whereas most MOFs are electrical insulators, some have shown to exhibit excellent electrical conductivity and high charge mobility. This was achieved either by an appropriate choice of the building units to form electronically delocalised frameworks, or by incorporating electroactive guest molecules in

Fabrication and characterization of Si_1−xGe_x nanocrystals in as-grown and annealed structures: a comparative study

• Muhammad Taha Sultan,
• Adrian Valentin Maraloiu,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Jón Tómas Gudmundsson,
• Andrei Manolescu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Magdalena Lidia Ciurea and
• Halldór Gudfinnur Svavarsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.182

• interface traps (known as Pb-type defects). These interface traps produce scattering centers that can affect the mobility of charge carriers, thus altering the transport properties [11]. Moreover, sharp interfaces with an abrupt change in the dielectric constant or thermal expansion coefficients give rise

Prestress-loading effect on the current–voltage characteristics of a piezoelectric p–n junction together with the corresponding mechanical tuning laws

• Wanli Yang,
• Shuaiqi Fan,
• Yuxing Liang and
• Yuantai Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1833–1843, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.178

• NEMC in the p-zone and denotes NEMC in the n-zone; jn and jp are the minority current densities, respectively. (µp, Dp) and (µn, Dn) are mobility and diffusion coefficients of holes and electrons, respectively. The continuity equation of NEMC can be obtained as follows by perturbation of small fields

• analysis of a piezoelectric p–n junction under a bias voltage The mobility coefficients of holes and electrons of CdS at 300 K are (µp, µn) = (0.005, 0.034) m2/V·s [34][35], and the corresponding diffusion constants can be obtained from the Einstein relation as (Dp, Dn) = (µp, µn)kT/q. In the following, we

Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

• Barbara Pem,
• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Lea Ulm,
• Ivan Pavičić,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ljubojević,
• Adela Krivohlavek and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

• measuring the electrophoretic mobility, which was converted to zeta potential (ζ) values using the Henry equation with the Smoluchowski approximation. The measurements were repeated five times. The DLS and ELS data processing was performed using Zetasizer software 6.32 (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK

Remarkable electronic and optical anisotropy of layered 1T’-WTe₂ 2D materials

• Qiankun Zhang,
• Rongjie Zhang,
• Jiancui Chen,
• Wanfu Shen,
• Chunhua An,
• Xiaodong Hu,
• Mingli Dong,
• Jing Liu and
• Lianqing Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1745–1753, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.170

• that 1T’-WTe2 is crystalline with a highly anisotropic optical property. Angle-resolved DC conductance As mentioned above, 1T’-WTe2 has a distorted orthorhombic crystal structure, which is distinctly anisotropic. According to standard mobility theory, the intrinsic mobility may be influenced by

• anisotropic acoustic phonon scatter and elliptic elastic constants (both are relevant to the anisotropic crystalline structure) [31]. One of the consequences of an anisotropic carrier mobility is the anisotropic resistance. Therefore, we also performed angle-resolved DC conductance measurements on the 1T

Upcycling of polyurethane waste by mechanochemistry: synthesis of N-doped porous carbon materials for supercapacitor applications

• Christina Schneidermann,
• Pascal Otto,
• Desirée Leistenschneider,
• Sven Grätz,
• Claudia Eßbach and
• Lars Borchardt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1618–1627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.157

• ). This can be associated with the higher volume ratio of mesopores to micropores, since mesopores are acting as transport pores enabling a fast electrolyte ion mobility [73][74]. Interestingly, the rate capability for this material in organic and ionic liquid electrolytes, however, is worse compared to

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• categorized as interfacial environments with certain degrees of freedom of molecular mobility (dynamism). These interfaces with liquids have several intrinsic features: (i) They are environments of two different phases; (ii) they exhibit a discontinuous change of the dielectric constant; (iii) they are highly

• , distinguishable on/off ratios, and excellent field-effect hole mobility values as high as 48.6 cm2·V−1·s−1 [223]. A COF film interfacially grown at a liquid–gas interface was also incorporated into a FET device and examined. Feldblyum et al. found an imine-linked COF film growing at the interface of air and a N,N

• -dimethylformamide (DMF) solution of COF precursors consisting of benzothiophene and triphenylamine moieties [224]. The interfacially grown film was transferred onto Si substrates in order to fabricate FET devices. The COF-film FET device also exhibited p-type behaviour, an average mobility of 3.0 10−6 cm2·V−1·s−1

Selective gas detection using Mn₃O₄/WO₃ composites as a sensing layer

• Yongjiao Sun,
• Zhichao Yu,
• Wenda Wang,
• Pengwei Li,
• Gang Li,
• Wendong Zhang,
• Lin Chen,
• Serge Zhuivkov and
• Jie Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1423–1433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.140

• , the peaks at a binding energy of 641.1 eV and 653 eV are attributed to Mn 2p3/2 and Mn 2p1/2 with a splitting of 11.9 eV, which matches well with Mn3O4 [16][19][20]. The XPS results confirm the existence of crystalline Mn3O4. Gas sensing properties Since the electron mobility in the conduction band is

Kelvin probe force microscopy of the nanoscale electrical surface potential barrier of metal/semiconductor interfaces in ambient atmosphere

• Petr Knotek,
• Tomáš Plecháček,
• Jan Smolík,
• Petr Kutálek,
• Filip Dvořák,
• Milan Vlček,
• Jiří Navrátil and
• Čestmír Drašar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1401–1411, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.138

• nanometers for SiO2 on Si [51][52]). In our case it is increased by the electric field and good oxygen mobility in BiOx due to the formation of charged Bi vacancies [59][60]. This assumption is in good agreement with the observed increase of the cut-in potential barrier upon thinning of the Au layer (see

A biomimetic nanofluidic diode based on surface-modified polymeric carbon nitride nanotubes

• Kai Xiao,
• Baris Kumru,
• Lu Chen,
• Lei Jiang,
• Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt and
• Markus Antonietti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1316–1323, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.130

• nitrogen. Moreover, it meets our requirements to fabricate negatively charged carbon nitride nanotubes and a fully condensed conjugated structure that stabilizes the π-electron system for a high charge mobility [25]. The g-CN nanotube membrane (CNNM) was fabricated through vapor deposition–polymerization

Quantitative analysis of annealing-induced instabilities of photo-leakage current and negative-bias-illumination-stress in a-InGaZnO thin-film transistors

• Dapeng Wang and
• Mamoru Furuta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1125–1130, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.112

• -panel displays (FPDs). Amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO), an outstanding active channel material, is generally adopted in TFTs because of its high electron mobility, great environmental/thermal stability, and preparation versatility. The enhanced mobility of a-IGZO originates from the fact that the electrical

• different temperatures. The extracted electrical parameters as functions of the treatment temperature are listed in Table 1. The field-effect mobility (μsat) is directly proportional to the drain-to-source current (IDS) [9]. The mobility results demonstrate that the post-annealing temperature scarcely

Tailoring the stability/aggregation of one-dimensional TiO₂(B)/titanate nanowires using surfactants

• Atiđa Selmani,
• Johannes Lützenkirchen,
• Kristina Kučanda,
• Dario Dabić,
• Engelbert Redel,
• Ida Delač Marion,
• Damir Kralj,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin and
• Maja Dutour Sikirić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1024–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.103

• value at peak maximum of the volume size distribution. The reported results correspond to the average of six measurements. The zeta potential of the particles was calculated from the measured electrophoretic mobility by means of the Henry equation using the Smoluchowski approximation (f(κa) = 1.5). The

Electronic and magnetic properties of doped black phosphorene with concentration dependence

• Ke Wang,
• Hai Wang,
• Min Zhang,
• Yan Liu and
• Wei Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 993–1001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.100

• graphene has led to extensive research efforts on two-dimensional (2D) materials. Although graphene exhibits large carrier mobility and intriguing mechanical properties, its zero bandgap impedes its application in spintronic devices [1][2]. Subsequently, 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have

• received enormous attention [3][4]. While the electronic properties of TMDs range from metallic (such as NbS2) [5] to semiconducting (such as WS2) [6], the low carrier mobility limits the application of these materials. Recently, black phosphorene has attracted research interest owing to its direct bandgap

• and high carrier mobility [7][8]. Unlike zero-band-gap graphene, the layer-dependent bandgap of black phosphorene ranges from 0.31 to 1.9 eV [9]. The hole-dominated mobility of phosphorene is up to 1000 cm2·V−1·s−1 theoretically [10], which is much higher than that of TMDs. These properties render

Synthesis of MnO₂–CuO–Fe₂O₃/CNTs catalysts: low-temperature SCR activity and formation mechanism

• Yanbing Zhang,
• Lihua Liu,
• Yingzan Chen,
• Xianglong Cheng,
• Chengjian Song,
• Mingjie Ding and
• Haipeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 848–855, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.85

• OS content (Table S2, Supporting Information File 1) of the 4% MnO2–CuO–Fe2O3/CNTs catalyst is 66.7%, whereas it is 36.8% in Mn–Cu–FeOx/CNTs-IWIM catalyst. OS has a higher mobility than OL, which is in favor of the oxidation of NO to NO2, accelerating the SCR reaction [37]. This was also confirmed by

Outstanding chain-extension effect and high UV resistance of polybutylene succinate containing amino-acid-modified layered double hydroxides

• Adam A. Marek,
• Vincent Verney,
• Christine Taviot-Gueho,
• Grazia Totaro,
• Laura Sisti,
• Annamaria Celli and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 684–695, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.68

• °C for PBS, −10 °C for PBS–LDH/PHE, −9 °C for PBS–LDH/nitrate and PBS–LDH/HIS) highlight a slight increase with respect to the homopolymer, and therefore, the filler can be assumed to affect the mobility of the chains as a nucleating agent. Photostability of PBS nanocomposites Because all synthesized

• rather than a gel-like transition, this may indicate the presence of a jamming structure due to mobility hindrance of PBS chains as observed for other LDH composites with polystyrene [27] rather that a possible covalent or hydrogen-type bonding between tethered PHE and PBS. The worst behaviour in terms

A carrier velocity model for electrical detection of gas molecules

• Ali Hosseingholi Pourasl,
• Sharifah Hafizah Syed Ariffin,
• Mohammad Taghi Ahmadi,
• Razali Ismail and
• Niayesh Gharaei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 644–653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.64

• nanowires and carbon nanotubes, GNRs possess high sensitivity, high electron and hole mobility, chemical stability, low noise, and a large surface-to-volume ratio, properties which are highly desired for gas sensor applications. Electrically, GNRs have shown high sensitivity to their surroundings and

Review of time-resolved non-contact electrostatic force microscopy techniques with applications to ionic transport measurements

• Aaron Mascaro,
• Yoichi Miyahara,
• Tyler Enright,
• Omur E. Dagdeviren and
• Peter Grütter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 617–633, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.62

• a phase-locked loop (PLL). This was first performed by Bennewitz et al. to measure the mobility of F− vacancies in a CaF2 crystal [27]. Schirmeisen et al. later improved the technique by performing the measurements at various temperatures to extract the activation energy for ionic transport in Li

Hydrophilicity and carbon chain length effects on the gas sensing properties of chemoresistive, self-assembled monolayer carbon nanotube sensors

• Juan Casanova-Cháfer,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Eduard Llobet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 565–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.58

• decoration of CNT sidewalls with Au nanoparticles, preventing their mobility and coalescence. The different thiols employed in this work were characterized by Raman spectroscopy (see Figure 2). A Peltier cell was used in order to keep samples at 4 °C and stabilize them, because unbound thiols present high