Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• monolayer of Ag NPs appeared at the methanol/air interface. The PS@Ag substrates were created by depositing a monolayer of Ag NPs on the substrate surface after allowing the methanol to slowly evaporate under ambient conditions. SERS substrate characterization Raman spectra were obtained using a 24 mW laser

• with an increase in the concentration of reactants. Structural characterization of the SERS substrate In Supporting Information File 1, Figure S10a shows the SEM image of the SAM of Ag NPs on the surface of methanol, while Figure S10b displays the image of the PS substrate after covering with the Ag

Carboxylic acids and light interact to affect nanoceria stability and dissolution in acidic aqueous environments

• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Eric A. Grulke and
• Robert A. Yokel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 762–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.63

• structures. The authors thank Marsha Ensor for her contribution. This report is based on the following: Hancock, M. L. The Fabrication and Characterization of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Employed in Environmental Toxicity and Polymeric Nanocomposite Applications. Doctoral Dissertation, University of Kentucky

In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes

• Ha Tran Huu,
• Ngoc Phi Nguyen,
• Vuong Hoang Ngo,
• Huy Hoang Luc,
• Minh Kha Le,
• Minh Thu Nguyen,
• My Loan Phung Le,
• Hye Rim Kim,
• In Young Kim,
• Sung Jin Kim,
• Van Man Tran and
• Vien Vo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62

• between the components obtained via this route. Results and Discussion Physicochemical characterization The synthesis of Ge/C-iM750 (see Experimental section for sample denominations) was carried out through a one-pot in situ generation of Ge nanoparticles in the presence of a carbon matrix. In this

• are well dispersed in the porous carbon matrix, while they seem to be aggregated on the carbon surface in Ge/C-HT180 or unevenly distributed in Ge/C-SS750. Electrochemical characterization The electrochemical behavior during lithiation/delithiation of Ge and Ge@C electrodes was investigated using CV

• composites using magnesiothermic reduction was reported. Structural characterization indicates a good binding between Ge and carbon matrix after the in situ synthesis, which alleviates the structural stress induced by volume change and increases the conduction of electrons and ions in the composite

Control of morphology and crystallinity of CNTs in flame synthesis with one-dimensional reaction zone

• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Ni Luh Wulan Septiani and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 741–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.61

• compared and analyzed with CNTs grown in a methane diffusion flame. Ultimately, the use of a one-dimensional premixed methane flame, allows for a better understanding of the governing parameters for synthesis control. Results and Discussion Flame characterization and temperature The flames employed in the

• wire. The CNT diameters, which often correlate to the particle size, show a similar trend, as discussed in the next section. CNT characterization The diameter of the synthesized CNTs has been measured using the image post-processing software DigimizerTM with 200–300 data points per sample to produce

• % oxygen concentration, stabilized by flowing nitrogen as a shield gas at 6 slpm, which simultaneously suppresses the secondary flame. Flame and CNT characterization The flame temperature is measured using a type-B thermocouple with 0.5 mm bead size (Omega Engineering) and a traversing system with an

Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives

• Mattia da Lisca,
• José Alvarez,
• James P. Connolly,
• Nicolas Vaissiere,
• Karim Mekhazni,
• Jean Decobert and
• Jean-Paul Kleider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 725–737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.59

• 1 × 1018 cm−3. The three Zn doping levels of InP layers were purposely inverted along the growth direction to facilitate electrochemical capacitance–voltage (ECV) characterization due to the strong Zn diffusion. The InP:Zn and the GaInAsP:Zn layers were epitaxially grown at a surface temperature of

• minimize the Dember effect since its contribution becomes significant only under high-injection conditions [20]. KP modelling In order to analyse the experimental characterization, scanning KP simulation was performed using the ATLAS software from Silvaco Inc. [21], controlled by the in-house software

• heterojunction stack can be explained by large surface defect densities in the highly doped n-InP and p-InP:Zn layers, with a much lower defect density in the InP:nid buffer layer. With further characterization and analysis, we have shown that white-light illumination reduces the surface band bending induced by

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• obtained, which will be used as an electrochemical nanosensor in further studies for malathion detection (Figure 1). Characterization FTIR, Raman, UV–vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy measurements were carried out to determine the optical properties of GQDs. A Perkin Elmer LAMBDA 750 spectrophotometer was

• , differential pulse voltammetry experiments were conducted with 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline at pH 7. Results and Discussion Characterization of graphene quantum dots The UV–vis absorption spectrum of the GQDs in distilled water is depicted in Figure 2a, which shows two prominent absorption peaks around 270

• proofreading; Aditi Sharma: characterization and investigation; Dhirendra Mathur: review and supervision. Conflicts of Interest There are no conflicts to declare.

The microstrain-accompanied structural phase transition from h-MoO₃ to α-MoO₃ investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction

• Zeqian Zhang,
• Honglong Shi,
• Boxiang Zhuang,
• Minting Luo and
• Zhenfei Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 692–700, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.55

• in situ X-ray diffraction experiments. The other was well mixed and ground and divided into eight parts that were calcined for 30 min at various temperatures (300–440 °C), and naturally cooled down to room temperature. Structure characterization In situ X-ray diffraction To investigate in situ the

• structures from calcinated samples as the initial models were refined using GSAS-II software [29]. In order to determine the temperature-induced structural evolution of h-MoO3, all in situ XRD patterns were refined in GSAS-II. Microstructural characterization Morphology and chemical composition of the

Titania nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of ethanol under simulated solar light

• Evghenii Goncearenco,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Florian Dumitrache,
• Elena Dutu,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Alexandra Sandulescu,
• Crina Anastasescu and
• Ioan Balint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 616–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.51

• ) that yield the highest photocatalytic decomposition of ethanol as harmful compound in gaseous or liquid media, that is air and wastewater. Results and Discussion Powder characterization The main chemical reaction of the TiCl4 precursor in laser pyrolysis in the presence of synthetic air can be

SERS performance of GaN/Ag substrates fabricated by Ag coating of GaN platforms

• Magdalena A. Zając,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Łukasz Gutowski,
• Jan L. Weyher and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 552–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.46

• University of Technology, gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.14.46 Abstract The results of comparative studies on the fabrication and characterization of GaN/Ag

• rotating silver target was used for metal layer deposition with a purity of 99.95% (Mint of Poland, Warsaw, Poland). The laser beam was focused on the target at an incident angle of 45°, and the distance between the target and the GaN platform was constant and equal to 65.0 ± 0.5 mm. Characterization of

On the use of Raman spectroscopy to characterize mass-produced graphene nanoplatelets

• Keith R. Paton,
• Konstantinos Despotelis,
• Naresh Kumar,
• Piers Turner and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 509–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.42

• , although quantification of the amount remains approximate. We therefore recommend this approach as a robust methodology for reliable characterization of mass-produced graphene-related 2D materials using confocal Raman spectroscopy. Keywords: few-layer graphene; graphene; metrology; quality control; Raman

• produced and purchased. The publication of international standards is a key step in this process, such as recent publications on nomenclature [6] and structural characterization [7]. The measurement methods described in these standards, however, can be time-consuming and expensive. As the range of

• widely used characterization tool for GR2Ms [8]. A search of Web of Science showed that of 97,532 articles published in the last five years with “Graphene” in the abstract, 9.3% also mentioned “Raman”. This is compared with atomic force microscopy (AFM) (2.4%), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (11.4

Mixed oxides with corundum-type structure obtained from recycling can seals as paint pigments: color stability

• Dienifer F. L. Horsth,
• Julia de O. Primo,
• Nayara Balaba,
• Fauze J. Anaissi and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 467–477, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.37

• colorimetric stability of the aluminates applied as synthetic inorganic pigments [14]. Characterization The samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) carried out in a Bruker D2 Phaser Diffractometer (Berlin, Germany) with Cu Kα emission (λ = 1.5418 Å) and equipped with a LynxEye high

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• Energy Conversion”, Adv. Mater., with permission from John Wiley and Sons. Copyright © 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. (a) Schematic illustration of the fabrication process and characterization of the photothermal p-PEGDA−PANI hydrogel. (b) Solar

New trends in nanobiotechnology

• Pau-Loke Show,
• Kit Wayne Chew,
• Wee-Jun Ong,
• Sunita Varjani and
• Joon Ching Juan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 377–379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.32

• nanobiotechnological processes to encourage the development of these converging technologies for a sustainable economic growth. The synthesis and the characterization of nanoscale biomaterials, the innovative applications of “smart nanoparticles”, and the technological/biological impact of nanoscale systems are just

Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• characterization of quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles (Ch/Q- and Ch/CA-Ag NPs), and their antibacterial and anticancer activities. The formation of Ch/Q- and Ch/CA-Ag NPs has been confirmed by ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform

• ; Introduction In recent years, nanoscale studies have become an important research area thanks to the ever increasing means of synthesis, characterization, and application of nanoscale materials (1 to 100 nm). Progress and development in nanotechnology have started to make a difference in various areas

• this case, 0.1% chitosan in 1% acetic acid solution was prepared to contain 0.5 mM of quercetin (or caffeic acid) in DMSO. All other procedures were applied in the same way. Ch/Q- and Ch/CA-Ag NPs were also stored in a refrigerator at 4 °C in the dark for further use. Characterization of silver

The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy

• Yao Yao,
• Yeongun Ko,
• Grant Grasman,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30

• field of nonviral gene delivery. Keywords: characterization; dosage; gene delivery; uptake; transfection; Introduction Recent efforts to develop and translate therapeutically loaded nanoparticles (NPs) have resulted in several advances in the treatment and prevention of disease. Key areas where NP

• NP characterization is a widely recognized issue that is critically entwined with scientific and technical considerations [7][8]. In fact, the importance of standardization within the field of nanomaterials has already been highlighted in previous editorials and perspectives, illuminated by “Nature

• interlaboratory comparisons, there is also significant uncertainty and ambiguity in drawing conclusions from results that were obtained by fundamentally different study designs. A wide spectrum of scientific approaches as well as variable strengths and weakness associated with each of these characterization

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• adapted with permission from [14]. Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. Characterization of membrane-encapsulated NPs. (A) Gel electrophoresis analysis showed that liver cancer biomimetic nanoparticles (a) basically retained and transferred the extracted

A novel approach to pulsed laser deposition of platinum catalyst on carbon particles for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Bogusław Budner,
• Wojciech Tokarz,
• Sławomir Dyjak,
• Andrzej Czerwiński,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 190–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.19

• characterization of fabricated catalysts by HAADF, EDX, and TEM showed a greater uniformity and a higher dispersion of the PtNPs on the carbon supports compared to the reference catalysts. However, only in the case of catalysts based on the commercial carbon support Vulcan XC-72R maximum cell power densities

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

• Zoran M. Marković,
• Milica D. Budimir,
• Martin Danko,
• Dušan D. Milivojević,
• Pavel Kubat,
• Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
• Vladimir B. Pavlović,
• Marija M. Mojsin,
• Milena J. Stevanović and
• Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

• characterization methods (AFM, TEM, EDS, FTIR, photoluminescence, and EPR) indicate the significant influence of the precursor on structural, chemical, and optical properties. Antibacterial and cytotoxicity tests showed that these dots did not have any antibacterial potential, because of the low extent of reactive

• these CQDs can be very good candidates for bioimaging. Experimental Synthesis and characterization of CQDs and CQDs/polyurethane composite samples CQDs were prepared by a solvothermal method from 0.9 g of o-phenylenediamine (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) dissolved in 50 mL toluene (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) for

A distributed active patch antenna model of a Josephson oscillator

• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 151–164, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.16

• takes into account the internal Josephson electrodynamics and allows for the determination of the effective input resistance, which couples the Josephson current to cavity modes in the transmission line formed by the junction. The model provides full characterization of Josephson oscillators and

• variable input resistance, which enables the coupling of the Josephson current to cavity mode resonances in the junction. The presented model allows for the application of many of patch antenna results and facilitates full characterization of Josephson oscillators, including the emission power, directivity

• Josephson current and the cavity modes in the junction. The presented model allows for the explicit application of many patch antenna results and facilitates full characterization of the device, including emission power, directivity, and power efficiency. The model explains the low power efficiency for

Batch preparation of nanofibers containing nanoparticles by an electrospinning device with multiple air inlets

• Dong Wei,
• Chengwei Ye,
• Adnan Ahmed and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 141–150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.15

• characterization The spinning solution viscosity was measured by a viscosity instrument (SNB-1, Shanghai Ruifang Co., LTD.). The spinning solution conductivity was tested by a conductivity tester (DDS-307A, Shanghai INESA Analytical Instrument Co., LTD.). The yield of nanofibers fabricated by EMAI was determined

• are characterized and the electric field distribution in the EMAI process is simulated to illustrate the influences of electric field distribution on the spinning process and nanofiber quality. Characterization of nanofibers Figure 3a–d shows the morphology and the corresponding diameter distribution

Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating

• Jessica Plé,
• Marine Dabert,
• Helene Lecoq,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Lydie Ploux and
• Lavinia Balan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11

• centrifugation. Harvested bacteria pellets were resuspended in fresh M63G medium and the as-obtained bacterial suspensions were adjusted by dilution to an optical density at 600 nm (OD600) of 0.1 (2.9 × 107 CFU/mL of E. coli and 5 × 105 CFU/mL of C. albicans). Characterization techniques UV irradiations were

Combining physical vapor deposition structuration with dealloying for the creation of a highly efficient SERS platform

• Adrien Chauvin,
• Walter Puglisi,
• Damien Thiry,
• Cristina Satriano,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.10

• nanoporous structure is reported. Following the characterization of the surface, the structure and surface composition were correlated with SERS properties. Following the optimization of the thin film structuration, a limit of detection of 10−10 mol·L−1 is demonstrated. The high sensibility and the

• 20 min to stop the dealloying process and to ensure a good cleaning of the samples. Characterization Scanning electron microscopy micrographs were recorded using a HITACHI STEM-FEG with an acceleration voltage of 5 kV. The images were treated with the ImageJ software [58] to assess the size of the

Liquid phase exfoliation of talc: effect of the medium on flake size and shape

• Samuel M. Sousa,
• Helane L. O. Morais,
• Joyce C. C. Santos,
• Ana Paula M. Barboza,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• Elisângela S. Pinto and
• Mariana C. Prado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 68–78, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.8

• exfoliation medium on size and shape less evident. Therefore, a single centrifugation step of one hour only at 1000g was employed. Such low acceleration will not produce a monolayer-rich solution [26], which is crucial for the analysis we aim to perform. Atomic force microscopy characterization of flake size

• is the least symmetrical sample regarding the shape parameters, but it is fairly trimmed and the most symmetrical in flake size distribution. Conclusion A thorough characterization of flake size and shape was performed for samples of liquid-phase exfoliated talc in four different media. LPE is a

• counting [24] was performed using Gwyddion [30] and ImageJ software, respectively. The standard particle analysis toolbox available in ImageJ was employed to obtain the flake dimensions. Talc characterization and exfoliation procedure. (a) XRD data for the sample employed here. The insert shows formula and

Solvent-induced assembly of mono- and divalent silica nanoparticles

• Bin Liu,
• Etienne Duguet and
• Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 52–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.6

• . Characterization methods Transmission electron microscopy experiments were performed using a Hitachi H600 microscope operating at an acceleration voltage of 75 kV. The samples were prepared by depositing one drop of the colloidal dispersion on conventional carbon-coated copper grids. The liquid evaporated in the

Upper critical magnetic field in NbRe and NbReN micrometric strips

• Zahra Makhdoumi Kakhaki,
• Antonio Leo,
• Federico Chianese,
• Loredana Parlato,
• Giovanni Piero Pepe,
• Angela Nigro,
• Carla Cirillo and
• Carmine Attanasio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 45–51, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.5

• ]. NbReN films also present a polycrystalline nature with a moderate texture. In this case, it was possible to interpret the results of the structural characterization only by assuming for NbReN the same unit cell as that of NbRe [4]. However, detailed knowledge of its structural and microscopic properties