Growth of a self-assembled monolayer decoupled from the substrate: nucleation on-command using buffer layers

• Robby Reynaerts,
• Kunal S. Mali and
• Steven De Feyter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1291–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.113

• –HOPG interface, we moved on to the self-assembly experiments with the buffer layer. Although the buffer layer experiments described below were carried out using sequential deposition of solutions of n-C50 and BA-OC14 (in that sequence), we stress that the outcome of the experiments remained the same

Ultrasensitive detection of cadmium ions using a microcantilever-based piezoresistive sensor for groundwater

• Dinesh Rotake,
• Anand Darji and
• Nitin Kale

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1242–1253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.108

• . Here, SAMs of cysteamine–glyceraldehyde were created on top of microcantilever-based sensors with integrated piezoresistive readout to get the change in resistance due to changes in surface stress. Until now, many people have used lab-based optical setups to measure the change in surface stress of the

• cantilever sensors. Moreover, the proposed piezoresistive device has capabilities to directly capture the surface stress make this a better option for HMI applications. Microfluidic Platform with Piezosensor In the proposed method, the benefits of three different technologies are combined, namely thin film

• . Results and Discussion The performance of the fabricated device in the selective detection of Cd(II) in a microfluidic environment is evaluated using the OmniCant setup shown in Figure 1d. The non-stress calibrated resistance values of the piezoresistive sensor using SAMs of cysteamine cross-linked with

Revealing the local crystallinity of single silicon core–shell nanowires using tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Marius van den Berg,
• Ardeshir Moeinian,
• Arne Kobald,
• Yu-Ting Chen,
• Anke Horneber,
• Steffen Strehle,
• Alfred J. Meixner and
• Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1147–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.99

• popular method to investigate structural properties of silicon samples [16][17]. Mizoguchi et al. [18] and Hopkins et al. [19] utilized it to show the influence of stress on the crystal lattice orientation angles and to determine the degree of surface roughness. Kolb et al. measured the lattice

Photothermally active nanoparticles as a promising tool for eliminating bacteria and biofilms

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Laura D’Alfonso,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1134–1146, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.98

• membrane stress, which is enhanced by the photothermal effect upon sunlight irradiation [102]. Antibacterial continuous flow poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based microreactors with microchannels were fabricated using catechol-grafted poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) and NIR-active Cs0.33WO3 nanoparticles [103]. Upon NIR

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

• are considered the most effective, but unfortunately pure iron is toxic because it leads to high oxidative stress. To avoid this problem there is a lot of ongoing work regarding the design of core–shell particles with pure iron cores [63][64]. Octopod SPIONs (30 nm) were also shown to be better than

• later by iron oxidative stress [81]. Dextran-coated SPIONs were found to accumulate in large amounts in tumor sites in mice, in contrast to PEG-coated SPIONs, which did not accumulate, even in the presence of an external magnet at the tumor site. The PEG-coated SPIONs exhibited a longer blood

• biological fluids at physiological pH values and which remain stable with low toxicity in vitro [38][46][98][99][100][101][102][103]. Still, Hong and collaborators [104] stress the fact that we should pay more attention to the charge effects of SPIONs because not all types of cytotoxicity can be easily and

Vibration analysis and pull-in instability behavior in a multiwalled piezoelectric nanosensor with fluid flow conveyance

• Sayyid H. Hashemi Kachapi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1072–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.92

• constants, residual stress, piezoelectric constants and mass density, are considered for analysis of the dimensionless natural frequency with respect to the viscous fluid velocity and pull-in voltage of the FC-MWPENSs. Keywords: electrostatic excitation; piezoelectric nanosensor; pull-in voltage; stability

• stress theory to investigate the effects of various fluid parameters on the pull-in voltage of carbon nanotubes conveying viscous fluid [15]. Also, the vibration analysis of viscoelastic double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) combined with ZnO layers and subjected to magnetic and electric fields were

• couple stress theory [29]. Liu et al. utilized a new finite element method for modeling thin structures with surface effects by using layered shell elements [30]. To the best knowledge of the author, the surface/interface effect on pull-in voltage, viscous fluid velocity effects and dimensionless natural

A few-layer graphene/chlorin e6 hybrid nanomaterial and its application in photodynamic therapy against Candida albicans

• Selene Acosta,
• Carlos Moreno-Aguilar,
• Dania Hernández-Sánchez,
• Beatriz Morales-Cruzado,
• Erick Sarmiento-Gomez,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Luis Octavio Sánchez-Vargas and
• Mildred Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1054–1061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.90

• environment. ROS refer to molecules like singlet oxygen, superoxide anion, and radicals, which are responsible for producing oxidative stress in cells followed by cell death [4]. Photosensitizer molecules must be nontoxic before irradiated with light, must produce high amounts of ROS when irradiated with

Wet-spinning of magneto-responsive helical chitosan microfibers

• Dorothea Brüggemann,
• Johanna Michel,
• Naiana Suter,
• Matheus Grande de Aguiar and
• Michael Maas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 991–999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.83

• rheometer (Malvern, Herrenberg, Germany) with a cone-plate geometry (1° angle and 50 mm diameter). The shear stress was measured at 20 °C with a stepwise increase in the shear rate and a one minute holding time at each shear-rate step. The size and zeta potential measurements were performed with 10 mg·mL−1

• fiber was measured in an optical microscope (SENSOFAR PLl 2300, Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). Thus, the stress–strain relation of each individual fiber could be determined by taking into account the gauge length of 25 mm. (A, B) Shear viscosity and shear stress of bare chitosan solutions (black lines) and

Effect of magnetic field, heat generation and absorption on nanofluid flow over a nonlinear stretching sheet

• Santoshi Misra and
• Govardhan Kamatam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 976–990, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.82

• proportional to the local sheet stress, and l is the slip length constant. The similarity transformations The similarity transformations to solve the governing equations are as follows: By substituting the similarity transformations in Equation 9 into the governing boundary layer Equations 1–4 they reduce to

Atomic layer deposition for efficient oxygen evolution reaction at Pt/Ir catalyst layers

• Stefanie Schlicht,
• Korcan Percin,
• Stefanie Kriescher,
• André Hofer,
• Claudia Weidlich,
• Matthias Wessling and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 952–959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.79

• ), a rather thick layer of the order of 1 μm is observed. Some cracks can be detected on the egdes of the coating where the fibers cross, due to low transport rates at these locations and high mechanical stress. The existence of the noble metals is proven by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX

Extracting viscoelastic material parameters using an atomic force microscope and static force spectroscopy

• Cameron H. Parvini,
• M. A. S. R. Saadi and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 922–937, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.77

• for a given stress or strain excitation. The mechanical-equivalent approach is simple to explain, but can require more assumptions and some additional knowledge of the Laplace transform to derive analytical stress–strain relationships. Alternatively, continuum mechanics can be used to create more

• ] recently formulated a generalized solution to the physical contact problem in AFM-SFS experiments, particularly for cases where the sample is viscoelastic. The approach is also capable of being adapted to any linear viscoelastic stress–strain model. Their method utilized a theoretical basis for

• solution for the AFM experiment. It is originally presented as Equation 3 in their paper [17]. Extending the solution to an arbitrary load history Traditionally, when using creep-recovery experiments to parameterize the viscoelastic models under study, a constant stress is first applied to a sample and

Integrated photonics multi-waveguide devices for optical trapping and Raman spectroscopy: design, fabrication and performance demonstration

• Gyllion B. Loozen,
• Arnica Karuna,
• Mohammad M. R. Fanood,
• Erik Schreuder and
• Jacob Caro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 829–842, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.68

• waveguide width wdet of 13.5 μm, the actual width varying among the devices. For the different microbaths, the number of waveguides varies between two and ten. For the waveguide thickness we choose the maximum value of 200 nm, which is determined by the maximum tolerable film stress for the deposition

• results in layer cracking due to stress after deposition. Then, a 3 µm thick layer of SiO2 is deposited by LPCVD, which acts as the top cladding for the detection waveguides and as a protection layer (Figure 5h). The final in-line step is the etching of the cylindrical microbath centered at each chip

Quantitative determination of the interaction potential between two surfaces using frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy

• Nicholas Chan,
• Carrie Lin,
• Tevis Jacobs,
• Robert W. Carpick and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 729–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.60

• achieved by using the following equation: Equation 3 refers to the surface-traction equation that describes the normal stress (σnormal) , or the surface force Fsurf per surface area Asurf, associated with two parallel half spaces, separated by a static distance z. This is contrasted to the distance z shown

Stochastic excitation for high-resolution atomic force acoustic microscopy imaging: a system theory approach

• Edgar Cruz Valeriano,
• José Juan Gervacio Arciniega,
• Christian Iván Enriquez Flores,
• Susana Meraz Dávila,
• Joel Moreno Palmerin,
• Martín Adelaido Hernández Landaverde,
• Yuri Lizbeth Chipatecua Godoy,
• Aime Margarita Gutiérrez Peralta,
• Rafael Ramírez Bon and
• José Martín Yañez Limón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 703–716, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.58

• ., aggregates, grain limits and mechanical stress of grains with similar local mechanical properties, which makes these properties difficult to discern by using conventional techniques. This is possible because a white-noise excitation enables the extraction of more information about the tip–sample interaction

Soybean-derived blue photoluminescent carbon dots

• Shanshan Wang,
• Wei Sun,
• Dong-sheng Yang and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 606–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.48

• at 110 °C under a compressive stress of 6000 psi for 5 min. The laser ablation of the Teflon pellet was conducted in a container with 3 mL of NH4OH for 1 h. Materials characterization The morphology and microstructure of the prepared carbon nanoparticles were characterized on a transmission electron

Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood

• Ludovica Soddu,
• Duong N. Trinh,
• Eimear Dunne,
• Dermot Kenny,
• Giorgia Bernardini,
• Ida Kokalari,
• Arianna Marucco,
• Marco P. Monopoli and
• Ivana Fenoglio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 550–567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.44

• platelets [16]. Additionally, SNPs were found to induce pre-thrombotic states through surface-driven activation of the coagulation factor XII [17][18]. Finally, SNPs are known to induce oxidative stress in several cell lines including endothelial cells [19] and leucocytes [20][21], a process that in vivo

Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

• Nonappa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42

• of protamine also lowered the minimum inhibitory concentration by two orders of magnitude. This is attributed to the enhanced catalytic activity upon binding with protamine, which resulted in altered oxidative stress and a higher generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Kurdekar et al. developed

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

Preparation and in vivo evaluation of glyco-gold nanoparticles carrying synthetic mycobacterial hexaarabinofuranoside

• Gennady L. Burygin,
• Polina I. Abronina,
• Nikita M. Podvalnyy,
• Sergey A. Staroverov,
• Leonid O. Kononov and
• Lev A. Dykman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 480–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.39

• glycoside 1 with a short 2-aminoethyl spacer aglycon. It is important to stress that the removal of excess Ara6 glycosides 1 and 2 from solutions of glyco-GNPs (3 and 4) or lyophilization of the purified glyco-GNPs 3 and 4 (provided that they were dissolved in 5% sucrose solution prior to lyophilization

Poly(1-vinylimidazole) polyplexes as novel therapeutic gene carriers for lung cancer therapy

• Gayathri Kandasamy,
• Elena N. Danilovtseva,
• Vadim V. Annenkov and
• Uma Maheswari Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 354–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.26

• mediated through oxidative stress. Hence, it is likely that the down-regulation of VEGF may have contributed to the reduced expression of LCLAT1 in the polyplex-treated cells. RFC5 (replication factor C 5) is generally associated with the proliferation of cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) [48] and has also been

Implementation of data-cube pump–probe KPFM on organic solar cells

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Olivier Bardagot and
• Renaud Demadrille

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 323–337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.24

• obtained between the pump and pp-KPFM signals. More precisely, the pp-KPFM spectrum (filled circles in Figure 4d) matches the values calculated by integrating the pump signal over the time windows defined by the probe (open symbols in Figure 4d). Here, we stress that to achieve a proper pp-KPFM measurement

• the measurement of the SPV has been evidenced. These results stress the need to quantify properly the dependence of the S/N ratio of the pp-KPFM potential on the illumination state when investigating photovoltaic materials. For that purpose, future works will be devoted to increasing the sensitivity

Facile biogenic fabrication of hydroxyapatite nanorods using cuttlefish bone and their bactericidal and biocompatibility study

• Satheeshkumar Balu,
• Manisha Vidyavathy Sundaradoss,
• Swetha Andra and
• Jaison Jeevanandam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 285–295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.21

• and 200 µg/mL, respectively, was added to the blood samples. This indicates that the nanorods may exhibit a slight hemolytic behavior at a higher CB-Hap NR concentration. The hemolytic activity at higher concentrations can be attributed to the oxidative stress induced by introducing CB-Hap nanorods

• result in oxidative stress [61]. Conclusion This study is a pioneering work in the preparation of hydroxyapatite nanorods using marine waste cuttlefish bones using an oil-bath-mediated precipitation method. The resultant powders from the precipitation process were investigated via systematic

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

Size effects of graphene nanoplatelets on the properties of high-density polyethylene nanocomposites: morphological, thermal, electrical, and mechanical characterization

• Tuba Evgin,
• Alpaslan Turgut,
• Georges Hamaoui,
• Zdenko Spitalsky,
• Nicolas Horny,
• Matej Micusik,
• Mihai Chirtoc,
• Mehmet Sarikanat and
• Maria Omastova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 167–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.14

• an increase of 0.83% compared to pure HDPE. It was found that G3, with a smaller size and thickness (larger aspect ratio and surface area), showed an effective enhancement of the Young’s moduli of the nanocomposites owing to the fact that a larger surface area provided a more efficient stress

• dispersion of GnPs in the HDPE matrix was a more important parameter for the tensile stress than others; however, the surface area of GnPs was a more critical factor. In the literature, a similar type of observation was made by Liang et al. [16][17] and Jun and co-workers [8] where it was reported that GnPs

• matrix and a less effective stress transfer between HDPE and GnPs. While a slight size effect of GnPs on Tm, Tc, ΔHf, and Xc of the nanocomposites was observed, the addition of GnPs influenced ΔHf and Tc; however, it did not affect Tm and Xc. In addition, the thermal stability of the nanocomposites

Nonclassical dynamic modeling of nano/microparticles during nanomanipulation processes

• Moharam Habibnejad Korayem,
• Ali Asghar Farid and
• Rouzbeh Nouhi Hefzabad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 147–166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.13

• optimize accuracy and computational costs, a new nonclassical modeling of the nanomanipulation process based on the modified couple stress theory is proposed that includes the size effects. To this end, after simulating the critical times and forces that are required for the onset of nanoparticle motion on

• the modified couple stress theory are used to model the dynamics of cylindrical gold nanoparticles while the finite element method is utilized to solve the governing equations of motion. The results show a difference of 90% between the classical and nonclassical models in predicting the maximum

• distance. Furthermore, by applying an extended von Mises criterion on the modified couple stress theory, it is found that the failure aspect ratio of a cylindrical gold nanoparticle based on nonclassical models is 212% more than that of the classical model. In the end, the results are compared with those