Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• size and dissolve under mild conditions at pH < 3 or by using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) without affecting the PE multilayer shell. They do not form any complexes with PEs and provided intact hollow capsules after core dissolution [30]. Cores such as calcium, cadmium and manganese carbonate

• , concentration, intensity of mixing and agitation. These templates are biocompatible, easy to produce, and dissolvable by EDTA. Although crystallization processes cannot be controlled to provide uniform and homogenous cores, this matrix provides an efficient way for encapsulation. Additionally, hydrogel-based

Synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic performance of 0D/2D CuO/tourmaline composite photocatalysts

• Changqiang Yu,
• Min Wen,
• Zhen Tong,
• Shuhua Li,
• Yanhong Yin,
• Xianbin Liu,
• Yesheng Li,
• Tongxiang Liang,
• Ziping Wu and
• Dionysios D. Dionysiou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 407–416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.31

• , AR), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, AR), sodium sulfite (Na2SO3, AR), sodium sulfide (Na2S, AR), 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO, AR), disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA, AR), tert-butyl alcohol (TBA, AR), 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ, AR), and Nafion were purchased from Aladdin Chemistry Co., Ltd

• ability. Trapping experiments were carried out to verify the predominant reactive species that participated in the photocatalytic organic oxidation reactions. •OH, O2•−, and h+ were trapped by TBA, BQ, and EDTA, respectively [40][41]. Judging from Figure 6d, the addition of TBA, BQ, and EDTA resulted in a

Fully amino acid-based hydrogel as potential scaffold for cell culturing and drug delivery

• Dávid Juriga,
• Evelin Sipos,
• Orsolya Hegedűs,
• Gábor Varga,
• Miklós Zrínyi,
• Krisztina S. Nagy and
• Angéla Jedlovszky-Hajdú

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2579–2593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.249

• serum (FBS, Gibco, USA), 2 mM ʟ-glutamine (Gibco, USA), 100 units/mL penicillin and 100 mg/mL streptomycin (Gibco, USA). When the cell culture became subconfluent, it was passaged at a ratio of 1:20 using a 0.05% trypsin/EDTA solution. Cell viability assay Before performing the cell viability assay, the

Long-term stability and scale-up of noncovalently bound gold nanoparticle-siRNA suspensions

• Anna V. Epanchintseva,
• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Dmitrii V. Pyshnyi,
• Elena I. Ryabchikova and
• Inna A. Pyshnaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2568–2578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.248

• phosphoramidite at the final stage of the synthesis. The oligonucleotides were isolated by electrophoresis in 15% polyacrylamide gel (acrylamide/N,N’-bisacrylamide (29:1) and 8 M urea) in TBE buffer (89 mM Tris, 89 mM H3BO3, and 2 mM EDTA, рН 8.3) for 1.5 h at 20 V/cm and 40 °С. The oligonucleotides were eluted

Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects

• Sabrina Barbosa de Souza Ferreira,
• Gustavo Braga,
• Évelin Lemos Oliveira,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva,
• Hélen Cássia Rosseto,
• Lidiane Vizioli de Castro Hoshino,
• Mauro Luciano Baesso,
• Wilker Caetano,
• Craig Murdoch,
• Helen Elizabeth Colley and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2304–2328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.222

Gold-coated plant virus as computed tomography imaging contrast agent

• Alaa A. A. Aljabali,
• Mazhar S. Al Zoubi,
• Khalid M. Al-Batanyeh,
• Ali Al-Radaideh,
• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Abeer Al Sharabi,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Bayan AbuFares,
• Tasnim Al-Zanati,
• Murtaza M. Tambuwala,
• Naveed Akbar and
• David J. Evans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1983–1993, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.195

• carbonate, sucrose, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; 25%), 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffer, isopropanol, tetrachloroauric acid, trypsin, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), HEPES sodium salt, Triton™ X-100, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) tablets, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were purchased

• of growth surface and were used between passages 2 and 3. Subculture occurred after 60–70% confluence after trypsinization (0.025% trypsin, 0.5 mM EDTA, 10 mM HEPES buffer pH 6.5). RAW264.7 cell labeling and confocal microscopy: Cells of a murine endothelial line (100 μL of 1 × 106 cells/mL, RAW264.7

Synthesis and potent cytotoxic activity of a novel diosgenin derivative and its phytosomes against lung cancer cells

• Liang Xu,
• Dekang Xu,
• Ziying Li,
• Yu Gao and
• Haijun Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1933–1942, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.189

• -EDTA were purchased from Gibco-BRL (Burlington, ON, Canada). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was obtained from Gemini (Calabasas, USA). Lecithin and cholesterol were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (China). All commercially available starting materials and solvents were reagent grade and

Engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for dual-modality imaging of intracranial glioblastoma via EGFRvIII targeting

• Xianping Liu,
• Chengjuan Du,
• Haichun Li,
• Ting Jiang,
• Zimiao Luo,
• Zhiqing Pang,
• Daoying Geng and
• Jun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1860–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.181

• Sigma (USA) and Cy7.5 NHS ester was purchased from Nanocs (USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), trypsin-EDTA (0.25%), high glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and penicillin-streptomycin were purchased from Gibco (CA, USA). The MTT cell proliferation and

Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

• Barbara Pem,
• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Lea Ulm,
• Ivan Pavičić,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ljubojević,
• Adela Krivohlavek and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

• were regularly tested for absence of mycoplasma by means of a direct DNA dye test [85]. When the cells reached 80% confluence, the culture medium was removed with a pipette; the cells were washed once with sterile phosphate buffer saline (PBS), detached from the flask by adding trypsin/EDTA (0.25

• untreated cells were negative controls. After treatment, the plates were centrifuged at 1500g for 15 min. Supernatants containing dead cells were collected from 12-well plates in 1.5 mL Eppendorf tubes. Live cells were detached from the wells by adding 0.05 % GibcoTM trypsin/EDTA (Thermo Fisher Scientific

• , Waltham, USA) solution, washed with PBS, resuspended in PBS-based buffer containing FBS (2%) and EDTA (2 mmol L−1) (pH 7.4, filtered through 0,2 μm sterile filter) and passed through a 40 μm FalconTM cell strainer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA). The supernatants and the detached cells were

Construction of a 0D/1D composite based on Au nanoparticles/CuBi₂O₄ microrods for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity

• Weilong Shi,
• Mingyang Li,
• Hongji Ren,
• Feng Guo,
• Xiliu Huang,
• Yu Shi and
• Yubin Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1360–1367, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.134

• ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and nitrogen (N2) were separately introduced during the TC degradation as scavengers of·OH•, holes (h+), and·O2−, respectively. The degradation rate of TC was significantly suppressed when EDTA or N2 were added, while no obvious effect was observed when IPA was added (Figure 8). This

Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• obtained with unreacted M atoms (and clusters) at the surface of the carbon support. Catalyst treatment: EDTA washing The previous characterization revealed a large amount of unalloyed cobalt or nickel species on the support surface, which can be easily dissolved in acidic media, which then poisons the

• order to minimize the impact of the treatment on both the catalyst and its support, we avoid the classically used acid leaching method [99], but preferred using and internally developed method, based on washing the material with a solution of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). This consists of

• dispersing the Pt3Co/N-CNT or Pt3Ni/N-CNTHT in a 0.1 M EDTA solution and using ultrasonication. For the Pt3Co/N-CNT catalyst, the solution become purple in a few seconds, indicating the fast and easy dissolution of the Co; while for Pt3Ni/N-CNTHT, the solution become blue after a few hours. One can suppose

Enhanced inhibition of influenza virus infection by peptide–noble-metal nanoparticle conjugates

• Zaid K. Alghrair,
• David G. Fernig and
• Bahram Ebrahimi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1038–1047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.104

• streptomycin (Gibco, Life Technologies, UK) and incubated in a humidified environment at 37 °C under 5% (v/v) CO2 atmosphere. Cells were detached with 0.05% (w/v) trypsin in the chelating agent, 1× Versene-EDTA (Gibco, Life Technologies, UK) and plated at a dilution of 1:4. Preparation of influenza virus stock

Experimental study of an evanescent-field biosensor based on 1D photonic bandgap structures

• Jad Sabek,
• Francisco Javier Díaz-Fernández,
• Luis Torrijos-Morán,
• Zeneida Díaz-Betancor,
• Ángel Maquieira,
• María-José Bañuls,
• Elena Pinilla-Cienfuegos and
• Jaime García-Rupérez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 967–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.97

• -antibodies consisted on the incubation (90 min at 37 °C) of the BSA antibodies in acetate buffer (0.15 M sodium acetate, 0.01 M EDTA, 0.1 M sodium chloride, pH 4.5) at 4 mg/mL concentration in the presence of 25 mM tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP). The reduced haBSA were purified using a 50 kDa

Characterization and influence of hydroxyapatite nanopowders on living cells

• Przemyslaw Oberbek,
• Tomasz Bolek,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Julia Rogowska-Tylman,
• Ganna Nechyporenko,
• Viktor Zinchenko,
• Wojciech Swieszkowski and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3079–3094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.286

• Corporation). All culture media were supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS, HyClone™), 100 μg/mL streptomycin and 100 μg/mL penicillin. The cells were cultured at 37 °C in an incubator with a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2. For the passage procedure, 0.05% Trypsin–EDTA with

Time-resolved universal temperature measurements using NaYF₄:Er³⁺,Yb³⁺ upconverting nanoparticles in an electrospray jet

• Kristina Shrestha,
• Arwa A. Alaulamie,
• Ali Rafiei Miandashti and
• Hugh H. Richardson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2916–2924, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.270

• hydrophobic in nature, due to a presence of oleic acid on its surface, which was removed by adding EDTA. The synthesized particles are of an average size of 300 nm. Experimental setup for temperature measurements in an electrospray jet An experimental setup for temperature measurement in an electrospray

Comparative biological effects of spherical noble metal nanoparticles (Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) with 4–8 nm diameter

• Alexander Rostek,
• Marina Breisch,
• Kevin Pappert,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Marc Heggen,
• Manfred Köller,
• Christina Sengstock and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2763–2774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.258

• by the addition of 0.2 mL cm−2 0.25% trypsin/0.05% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, Sigma-Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany) for 5 min at 37 °C. Subsequently, the hMSC cells were collected and washed twice with RPMI1640/10% FCS. Subconfluent hMSC cells were seeded in 24-well cell culture plates

Facile synthesis of a ZnO–BiOI p–n nano-heterojunction with excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Mengyuan Zhang,
• Jiaqian Qin,
• Pengfei Yu,
• Bing Zhang,
• Mingzhen Ma,
• Xinyu Zhang and
• Riping Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.72

• ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid sodium (EDTA sodium) were adopted as scavengers of O2•− [53], •OH [54] radicals and holes [55], respectively. From the results displayed in Figure 6f, it is obvious that while the addition of BQ significantly inhibits the photocatalytic activity, DMSO has less effect on

• the degradation degree. EDTA sodium has little impact on the photodegradation of RhB solution under visible light. Thus, although produced in the photocatalytic processes, the photoinduced holes do not play an important role in the degradation reaction. Therefore, the decomposition of RhB solution is

• ), ammonium hydrogen carbonate (NH4HCO3), rhodamine B (RhB), benzoquinone (BQ), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethylenediamine teraacetic acid sodium (EDTA sodium) were directly used without any further purification. Synthesis of ZnO–BiOI nanocomposites Generally, 0.05 mol NH4HCO3 were added into 50 mL DI

Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from spices for in vitro imaging and tumour cell growth inhibition

• Nagamalai Vasimalai,
• Vânia Vilas-Boas,
• Juan Gallo,
• María de Fátima Cerqueira,
• Mario Menéndez-Miranda,
• José Manuel Costa-Fernández,
• Lorena Diéguez,
• Begoña Espiña and
• María Teresa Fernández-Argüelles

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 530–544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.51

• (DMEM) with high glucose content and all other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Spain). Ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ·cm at 25 °C, Millipore USA) was used throughout the experiments. Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium with nutrient mixture F-12 (DMEM/F-12) and GlutaMAX-I™, trypsin 0.25%–EDTA

Sugarcane juice derived carbon dot–graphitic carbon nitride composites for bisphenol A degradation under sunlight irradiation

• Lan Ching Sim,
• Jing Lin Wong,
• Chen Hong Hak,
• Jun Yan Tai,
• Kah Hon Leong and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 353–363, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.35

• benzoquinone (BQ). The addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate (EDTA-2Na+) in BPA solution slightly suppressed the degradation rate, showing that h+ was also one of the active radicals involved in the photoreaction. In contrast, neither •OH nor e− are the main reactive species

• purchased from R&M Chemicals. Distilled water was used throughout the experiment for dilution and washing purpose. In addition, IPA (83.5%) and DMSO (99%) was purchased from Bendosen and Univar, respectively. The EDTA-2Na+ (99%) was obtained from ChemSoln. Preparation of carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and carbon

• investigate the involved free radicals. Scavengers like BQ, DMSO, EDTA-2Na+ and IPA were used to conduct this test. BQ was used to trap O2•− while DMSO functioned as the photoinduced e− catcher. EDTA-2Na+ caught the h+ left by the excited electron. IPA worked to trap •OH that was produced by the CD/g-C3N4

Nanoparticle delivery to metastatic breast cancer cells by nanoengineered mesenchymal stem cells

• Liga Saulite,
• Karlis Pleiko,
• Ineta Popena,
• Dominyka Dapkute,
• Ricardas Rotomskis and
• Una Riekstina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 321–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.32

• up to 90% confluence in complete cell culture medium in a humidified chamber at 37 °C with 5% CO2. For passaging, the cells were trypsinised using 0.25% trypsin–EDTA solution. All cell reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. Establishment of 3D cell culture model A poly(2

• polyHEMA-coated plates for co-culture with 2.5 × 104 MCF7 or MDA-MB-231 cells (2:1) in complete medium [52][53]. After 24 h, supernatants containing floating spheroids were aspirated and centrifuged at 250 g for 5 min. The pellet was suspended in 0.25% trypsin–EDTA for 5 min at 37 °C to ensure the

Increasing the stability of DNA nanostructure templates by atomic layer deposition of Al₂O₃ and its application in imprinting lithography

• Hyojeong Kim,
• Kristin Arbutina,
• Anqin Xu and
• Haitao Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2363–2375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.236

• , USA). 2-Amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (Tris), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), magnesium acetate tetrahydrate, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide solution (30% H2O2), and poly(L-lactide) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetic acid (glacial), dichloromethane, and

• solution (181 μL). The buffer solution was prepared by dissolving Trizma base (40 mM), EDTA (2 mM), acetic acid (2mM), and magnesium acetate tetrahydrate (150 mM) in deionized water and further diluting the solution to make the final concentration of magnesium ions 12.5 mM. The DNA solution was cooled from

Synthesis and catalytic application of magnetic Co–Cu nanowires

• Lijuan Sun,
• Xiaoyu Li,
• Zhiqiang Xu,
• Kenan Xie and
• Li Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1769–1773, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.178

• the foundation for expanding their application to industrial catalysis. All chemicals were of analytical reagent grade and used without any further purification. CoCl2·6H2O, EDTA-2Na, CuSO4·5H2O, PVP, NaOH, N2H4·H2O, H2PtCl6·6H2O and C2H5OH were purchased from Chengdu Kelong Reagent Co., Ltd (China

• measured by a magnetometer. The detailed synthetic process for the Co–Cu nanowires was as follows. First, 0.14 g of CoCl2·6H2O and 0.22 g of EDTA-2Na were dispersed in 60 mL of deionized water in a 100 mL polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) beaker. Then 0.18 g of PVP was added to the reaction solution. The pH

A nanocomplex of C₆₀ fullerene with cisplatin: design, characterization and toxicity

• Svitlana Prylutska,
• Svitlana Politenkova,
• Kateryna Afanasieva,
• Volodymyr Korolovych,
• Kateryna Bogutska,
• Andriy Sivolob,
• Larysa Skivka,
• Maxim Evstigneev,
• Viktor Kostjukov,
• Yuriy Prylutskyy and
• Uwe Ritter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1494–1501, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.149

• , Germany), which was added before use. Cells were exposed to lysis solution for 2 h at 4 °C. After the lysis, slides were washed with TBE buffer (89 mM Tris-borate, 2 mM EDTA, рН 7.5) and electrophoresed in the same buffer for 20 min at 4 °C (1 V/cm, 300 mA). After electrophoresis, the slides were stained

Low uptake of silica nanoparticles in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial barriers

• Dong Ye,
• Mattia Bramini,
• Delyan R. Hristov,
• Sha Wan,
• Anna Salvati,
• Christoffer Åberg and
• Kenneth A. Dawson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1396–1406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.141

• cytometry. After exposure to 100 µg/mL nanoparticles dispersed in the absence and presence of 10 % FBS, the dispersions were removed from each well and cells were rinsed twice with fresh phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Then, 1 mL 0.1% trypsin-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution was added and

Carbon nanomaterials sensitize prostate cancer cells to docetaxel and mitomycin C via induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation

• Kati Erdmann,
• Jessica Ringel,
• Silke Hampel,
• Manfred P. Wirth and
• Susanne Fuessel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1307–1317, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.132

• rate For examination of cell proliferation, cell colony formation and apoptosis cells were seeded into 6-well plates and incubated as indicated above. Seventy two hours after the end of treatment cells were harvested by trypsin/EDTA treatment and submitted to the aforementioned assays. Cell