Morphology, structural properties and reducibility of size-selected CeO_2−x nanoparticle films

• Maria Chiara Spadaro,
• Sergio D’Addato,
• Gabriele Gasperi,
• Francesco Benedetti,
• Paola Luches,
• Vincenzo Grillo,
• Giovanni Bertoni and
• Sergio Valeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 60–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.7

• structure by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The thermal stability of the NPs was investigated by XPS. The aim of this work is to investigate the fundamental relationship between NPs chemical and physical properties, in order to improve the

• deposited’ sample was then annealed at T = 1020 K in UHV. HRTEM experiments were performed by using a JEOL JEM-2200FS instrument working at 200 keV and equipped with a Schottky emitter. The instrument has an objective lens spherical aberration coefficient of 0.5 mm, providing a point-to-point resolution of

• 9 nm (lateral size distribution in the inset) (b) and NPs diameter 14 nm (c). STM images of the non-epitaxial (d) and epitaxial (e) ultra-thin ceria films acquired at 1.5 V and 0.04 nA. STEM (a) and HRTEM (b) images of ceria NPs corresponding to the sample with average diameter of 9 nm, the inset in

Synthesis and characterization of fluorescence-labelled silica core-shell and noble metal-decorated ceria nanoparticles

• Rudolf Herrmann,
• Markus Rennhak and
• Armin Reller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2413–2423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.251

• size can be determined from TEM images by measuring the diameter of the circumscribed sphere. Up to now we were able to obtain average particle sizes between 39 ± 4 and 260 ± 40 nm. Typical images are shown in Figure 6. The HRTEM image (right) shows that the large particle is indeed composed of 8–10 nm

Hybrid spin-crossover nanostructures

• Carlos M. Quintero,
• Gautier Félix,
• Iurii Suleimanov,
• José Sánchez Costa,
• Gábor Molnár,
• Lionel Salmon,
• William Nicolazzi and
• Azzedine Bousseksou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2230–2239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.232

• the particles. Adapted with permission from [23], copyright 2014 The Royal Society of Chemistry. Schematic representation of single layer Au@PBA nanoparticles, double layer Au@PBA@PBA core–shell NPs, and hollow PBA NPs. On the right, TEM and HRTEM images of the Au@KNiFe NPs. Adapted with permission

• from [25], copyright 2014 Wiley-VCH. HRTEM images of core–multishell PBA nanoparticles a) RbCoFe@KNiCr@RbCoFe and b) KNiCr@RbCoFe@KNiCr, and c) shows the field-cooled magnetic susceptibility as a function of temperature before and after light irradiation of RbCoFe@KNiCr. Adapted with permission from

Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• -resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) has been widely employed to visualize CNOs and to study the mechanisms of CNO formation and their structural properties. Raman spectroscopy is another useful technique for the structural characterization of CNOs and corroborates the basic graphitic

• , which corroborated the presence of alkyl groups on the CNO surface. Additional HRTEM and SEM experiments were carried out to further support the successful functionalization and excellent solubility of CNO-C16. The authors also studied the reversibility of this alkylation reaction, which could be

• particles have demonstrated high cellular uptake, low cytotoxicity and lower inflammatory potential than CNTs and a very promising future for biomedical applications. HRTEM images of (a) diamond nanoparticles, (b) spherical carbon onions, and (c) polyhedral carbon onions. Diamond nanoparticles are

Synthesis of Pt nanoparticles and their burrowing into Si due to synergistic effects of ion beam energy losses

• Pravin Kumar,
• Udai Bhan Singh,
• Kedar Mal,
• Sunil Ojha,
• Indra Sulania,
• Dinakar Kanjilal,
• Dinesh Singh and
• Vidya Nand Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1864–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.197

• /Sn) from 1 to 10. The irradiated films were characterized using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). A TEM image of a cross section of the

• RBS within a few nm) and this is probably the reason why the Pt edge has a small shift (compared to pristine) in the RBS measurement of the sample. Figure 5c covers the near-surface region of HRTEM analysis which shows that ≈5 nm crystalline NPs are uniformly distributed below the surface. The density

• in Figure 6) upon 50 keV neon ion irradiation, which seems to be responsible for the Pt diffusion, matches well with the NP distribution (obtained from the cross sectional HRTEM analysis) in the film irradiated under the same conditions. Total vacancies produced in the system for a chosen ion–target

Room temperature, ppb-level NO₂ gas sensing of multiple-networked ZnSe nanowire sensors under UV illumination

• Sunghoon Park,
• Soohyun Kim,
• Wan In Lee,
• Kyoung-Kook Kim and
• Chongmu Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1836–1841, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.194

• approximately 80 nm. The HRTEM image in Figure 2b confirmed that the core region of the nanowire was perfectly crystalline, whereas the edge region showed twinning along the axis of the nanowire. Fringes with spacings of 0.346 and 0.331 nm corresponding to the interplanar distances of the {100} and {002

The influence of molecular mobility on the properties of networks of gold nanoparticles and organic ligands

• Edwin J. Devid,
• Paulo N. Martinho,
• M. Venkata Kamalakar,
• Úna Prendergast,
• Christian Kübel,
• Tibebe Lemma,
• Jean-François Dayen,
• Tia. E. Keyes,
• Bernard Doudin,
• Mario Ruben and
• Sense Jan van der Molen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1664–1674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.177

• results of the structural and spectroscopic characterisation of the synthesized 2D ligand-gold nanoparticle arrays (in short Au-NP–S-BPP-arrays), by means of UV-vis and electron microscopy (SEM, HRTEM and 3D TEM) experiments, will be presented. Specifically, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS

• -STEM, HRTEM and 3D TEM) are also used to accurately characterise the nanoscale structuring of the multilayered networks on carbon-covered TEM grids. It should be noted that, whereas regular 2D structures are readily obtained on flat (oxidized) silicon substrates, the ordered assembly on the TEM grids

Growth evolution and phase transition from chalcocite to digenite in nanocrystalline copper sulfide: Morphological, optical and electrical properties

• Priscilla Vasthi Quintana-Ramirez,
• Ma. Concepción Arenas-Arrocena,
• José Santos-Cruz,
• Marina Vega-González,
• Omar Martínez-Alvarez,
• Víctor Manuel Castaño-Meneses,
• Laura Susana Acosta-Torres and
• Javier de la Fuente-Hernández

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1542–1552, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.166

• strain decreases in the samples shown that the least stress was at 260 °C (−8.26 × 10−5) and the highest was at 230 °C (−2.73 × 10−3). Morphology from TEM and HRTEM TEM images revel that amorphous CuxS from aqueous solution is constituted of nanometric particles with undefined shape that are agglomerated

• phase, from chalcocite to digenite. In order to verify the full transition of the digenite phase an HRTEM analysis of the crystals was made. The distance between the lines in the HRTEM image (Figure 3) is approximately 0.32 nm. This corresponds to the (0015) plane spacing of the digenite phase, which

• predominant phase is the digenite. TEM images of copper sulfide synthesized in organic solution at a) 220, b) 230, c) 240 and d) 260 °C. The morphology of the CuxS change from irregular nanoparticles to nanoprisms with increasing temperature. The encircled area shows an alignment of the nanorrods (b). HRTEM

Probing the electronic transport on the reconstructed Au/Ge(001) surface

• Franciszek Krok,
• Mark R. Kaspers,
• Alexander M. Bernhart,
• Marek Nikiel,
• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Paulina Indyka,
• Mateusz Wojtaszek,
• Rolf Möller and
• Christian A. Bobisch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1463–1471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.159

• observations show that the excess amount of Au forms clusters of [110]-orientation, in agreement to previous STM studies of the same system by Wang et al. [20]. Also, HRTEM images with atomic resolution show that the Au clusters are crystalline. Apart from that, in Figure 4a, a thin layer exhibiting the

• atomic wires at the surface are not coupled to each other. Our HRTEM data supports this assumption. In Figure 5, an atomically resolved HRTEM image of the interface between the Au cluster and the substrate surface is shown. In image a), on the right side the substrate surface level is indicated by a

• atomic structure of Ge(001) bulk is visible. a) An atomically resolved HRTEM image of the interface between the Au cluster and the surrounding substrate surface. The substrate surface level is indicated with the dashed line. The arrow points to the discontinuity region (“cavity”) between the crystalline

Synthesis, characterization, and growth simulations of Cu–Pt bimetallic nanoclusters

• Subarna Khanal,
• Ana Spitale,
• Nabraj Bhattarai,
• Daniel Bahena,
• J. Jesus Velazquez-Salazar,
• Sergio Mejía-Rosales,
• Marcelo M. Mariscal and
• Miguel José-Yacaman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1371–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.150

• characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) by using a JEOL 2010F operated at 200 kV. The STEM images were recorded in a Cs-corrected JEOL JEM-ARM 200F operated at 200 kV. HAADF STEM images were obtained with a convergence angle of 26 mrad

An insight into the mechanism of charge-transfer of hybrid polymer:ternary/quaternary chalcopyrite colloidal nanocrystals

• Parul Chawla,
• Son Singh and
• Shailesh Narain Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1235–1244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.137

• characterized by tetragonal morphologies, more agglomeration in the nanocrystals, and lack of the distinct presence of the isolated nanocrystals. The inset in Figure 2a shows a high resolution TEM (HRTEM) image, which demonstrates the presence of crystalline planes with an interplanar spacing d of 0.34 nm

• . Figure 2b shows the TEM micrograph of CIGSe nanocrystals with a size of 100–120 nm and exhibiting a slight improvement in the appearance of the tetragonal morphology, which is characteristic of these chalcopyrites-based nanocrystals. The inset depicts the HRTEM micrograph with well-aligned crystalline

• in terms of crystallinity can be seen due to the emergence of nanocrystals of the size of 150–200 nm. The HRTEM micrograph shown as an inset in Figure 2c depicts the presence of sharp crystalline planes with an interplanar spacing of 0.325 nm. However, a similar trend was observed upon light-soaking

Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by combining water soluble graphene with cobalt salts

• Jing Wang,
• Ke Feng,
• Hui-Hui Zhang,
• Bin Chen,
• Zhi-Jun Li,
• Qing-Yuan Meng,
• Li-Ping Zhang,
• Chen-Ho Tung and
• Li-Zhu Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1167–1174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.128

• , in the absence of G-SO3 nanoparticles aggregated in size of about hundreds nanometers. Each particle is composed of lots of small nanoparticles of several nanometers in diameter. The lattice fringes in the HRTEM (high resolution TEM) images suggest a well-defined crystal structure. The lattice

• of the nanoparticles were smaller. The HRTEM image also showed the lattice fringes, and the lattice spacing (0.191 and 0.203 nm) is consistent with those observed in the system without G-SO3. This phenomenon indicated that G-SO3 provides a platform to support cobalt catalysts, and at the same time G

Template-directed synthesis and characterization of microstructured ceramic Ce/ZrO₂@SiO₂ composite tubes

• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Meike Naumann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1152–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.126

• template fibers and the obtained bundles of as-prepared ceramic silica tubes after calcination and removal of the electrospun PS fiber template (750 °C, 4 h). Their tubular structure consists of densely packed agglomerated silica particles (see Figure 1). A high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) study reveals the

• Ce0.12/Zr0.88O2 [11]. Scheme 1 shows the series of synthetic steps which first lead to the PS/silica tubes exotemplate (A) and after sol–gel infiltration to the final CeO2/ZrO2@SiO2 composite tubes (B). An examination of the tube surface composition by HRTEM reveals the spherical Stoeber sol particles of

• has been assumed by HSEM and in HRTEM. Moreover, the intensity of cerium compared to zirconium in the elemental EDX scan is significantly lower, which reflects the phase composition as found by PXRD and Raman spectroscopy. Conclusion A template-directed synthesis was employed for the synthesis of

Organic and inorganic–organic thin film structures by molecular layer deposition: A review

• Pia Sundberg and
• Maarit Karppinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1104–1136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.123

Enhancement of photocatalytic H₂ evolution of eosin Y-sensitized reduced graphene oxide through a simple photoreaction

• Weiying Zhang,
• Yuexiang Li,
• Shaoqin Peng and
• Xiang Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 801–811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.92

• -resolution TEM (HRTEM) images were taken on a JEOL JEM-2010 (TEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was measured on an IVIUMSTAT electrochemical workstation (Netherlands). The electrochemical experiments were performed in a 3-compartment cell

• ), and HRTEM image of deposited Pt (D). The inset of Figure 9D is the EDS spectrum. Schematic diagram of the reduction of GO by irradiation. Proposed mechanism for the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of a EY-RGOx/Pt system under visible light irradiation. Peak area ratios of oxygen-containing bonds to

Biomolecule-assisted synthesis of carbon nitride and sulfur-doped carbon nitride heterojunction nanosheets: An efficient heterojunction photocatalyst for photoelectrochemical applications

• Hua Bing Tao,
• Hong Bin Yang,
• Jiazang Chen,
• Jianwei Miao and
• Bin Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 770–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.89

• (HRTEM) analysis as shown in Figure 5b. Furthermore, it can be observed that the dense CN layer intimately connects with the CNS nanosheet to form a heterostructure. The HRTEM image of CN/CNS as shown in Figure 5b clearly distinguishes the phases of CN (the dark region) and CNS (the dim region). The

• lattice spacing for the dark region and the dim region are 0.328 nm and 0.322 nm respectively, which are consistent with the XRD results. The HRTEM image gives solid evidence towards the formation of heterojunction in CN/CNS. Figure 6a shows the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of CN, CNS and a CN/CNS

• heterojunction. (a) FESEM image of CN/CNS heterostructure, (b) XRD and (c) nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms and (d) pore size distribution (insert) of CN, CNS and CN/CNS heterostructure. TEM (a) and HRTEM (b) images of a CN/CNS heterostructure. (a) Photoluminescence of CN, CNS and CN/CNS in aqueous

Carbon dioxide hydrogenation to aromatic hydrocarbons by using an iron/iron oxide nanocatalyst

• Hongwang Wang,
• Jim Hodgson,
• Tej B. Shrestha,
• Prem S. Thapa,
• David Moore,
• Xiaorong Wu,
• Myles Ikenberry,
• Deryl L. Troyer,
• Donghai Wang,
• Keith L. Hohn and
• Stefan H. Bossmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 760–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.88

• catalyst was reused 10 times. No decrease of the catalytic activity was observed. This observation is based on the consumption efficiency of CO2 from the gas phase and product analysis by GC–MS. Characterization of the catalysts (TEM, HRTEM, XRD, XPS) The TEM image reveals that the newly synthesized Fe

• /Fe3O4 nanoparticles are roughly spherical with a core/shell structure (Figure 2). The mean core diameter is 12 nm, and the shell thickness is 2 nm. HRTEM indicate that each Fe/Fe3O4 nanoparticle assumes polycrystalline structure with rigid edges. TEM images (Figure 3) of recycled catalyst after 10 runs

• of reactions shows that the nanoparticles fused to larger irregularly shaped particles with crystalline substructures on the surface. HRTEM reveal that the substructure is polycrystalline. The XRD patterns of the Fe/Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a function of the number of catalytic runs is shown in Figure

Effects of the preparation method on the structure and the visible-light photocatalytic activity of Ag₂CrO₄

• Difa Xu,
• Shaowen Cao,
• Jinfeng Zhang,
• Bei Cheng and
• Jiaguo Yu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 658–666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.77

• the S-M sample, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation is carried out. As shown in Figure 3a, the S-M sample is composed of nanoparticles with an average particle size of about 30 nm. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) image in Figure 3b clearly shows the lattice

• observation was carried out by SEM (S4800, Hitachi, Japan) at an accelerating voltage of 5 kV. TEM and HRTEM analysis were conducted by the transmission electron microscopy (JEM-2100F, JEOL, Japan) at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. The DRS were taken with a UV–vis spectrophotometer (UV2550, Shimadzu

• different methods: (a) microemulsion, (b) precipitation, and (c) hydrothermal. SEM images of Ag2CrO4 samples obtained from different methods: (a) microemulsion, (b) precipitation, and (c) hydrothermal. TEM (a) and HRTEM (b) images of Ag2CrO4 sample prepared by microemulsion method. The inset of (b) is the

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ag–ZnO hybrid plasmonic nanostructures prepared by a facile wet chemical method

• Sini Kuriakose,
• Vandana Choudhary,
• Biswarup Satpati and
• Satyabrata Mohapatra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 639–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.75

• anisotropic nanostructures decorated with nanoparticles. HRTEM study of these decorating nanoparticles confirmed them to be of Ag. Figure 4b shows the selected area diffraction (SAD) pattern from a region marked by a dotted circle. The SAD pattern shows concentric rings consisting of distinct spots, which is

• fringes and the measured lattice spacing is 2.8 Å. The HRTEM image of of Ag–ZnO hybrid nanostructures shown in Figure 4b reveals lattice fringes of 2.3 Å and 2.8 Å, which correspond to the (111) and (100) interplanar spacing (d-spacings) of Ag and ZnO, respectively. Some of the measured d-spacings from

• prepared with varying AgNO3 concentrations and different [Ag+]/[citrate] ratios (a) 1:1, (b) 1:10. (a) Low-magnification TEM image of ZnO nanostructures in sample PZ. (b) HRTEM image showing lattice fringes. (c) STEM-HAADF image from the same area of TEM image. (d) EDX spectra from a region marked by area

Artificial sunlight and ultraviolet light induced photo-epoxidation of propylene over V-Ti/MCM-41 photocatalyst

• Van-Huy Nguyen,
• Shawn D. Lin,
• Jeffrey Chi-Sheng Wu and
• Hsunling Bai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 566–576, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.67

• photocatalyst. The XRD pattern indicates a mesoporous hexagonal lattice with a clear feature of (100). The (110) and (200) peaks are not well-separated, maybe due to the high calcination temperature of 823 K [33]. The HRTEM image of V-Ti/MCM-41 in Figure 3 reveals a uniform hexagonal structure, which is a

• (XANES) of the vanadium K-edge was carried out with synchrotron radiation at the beam line 16A, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Taiwan. The standard metal foil and V oxides (V2O5 and V2O3) powders were used as references. High resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) was

• –vis absorption of V-Ti/MCM-41, and emission of (b) 200 W mercury arc lamp, (c) 300 W Xe lamp (extracted from [22]) and (d) AM1.5G filter [31]. The low-angle XRD pattern of V-Ti/MCM-41. The HRTEM images of V-Ti/MCM-41 photocatalyst. Summary of the V K-edge characterization of V-Ti/MCM-41 with

Chemi- vs physisorption in the radical functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes under microwaves

• Victor Mamane,
• Guillaume Mercier,
• Junidah Abdul Shukor,
• Jérôme Gleize,
• Aziz Azizan,
• Yves Fort and
• Brigitte Vigolo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 537–545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.63

• min, 10 min and 15 min (Scheme 1). After treatment, the obtained functionalized samples (f-SWNT-5min, f-SWNT-10min and f-SWNT-15min) were analyzed by dispersion tests, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Raman spectroscopy, and TGA–MS. Figure 1 shows photographs of the

• diameter dt is 1.34 nm as expected for arc-discharge produced SWNTs. The modification of the SWNT structure caused by functionalization is also revealed in the HRTEM images shown in Figure 2. For the raw sample, the walls of the SWNTs exhibit a low defect level (Figure 2b) and appear undamaged. After

• functionalization (Figure 2c and 2d), SWNT walls whose damages are difficult to identify in the images are observed. No significant difference between the three functionalized samples (including f-SWNT-5min, not shown in Figure 2) could be evidenced by using HRTEM. Functionalization levels and nature of the created

Mesoporous cerium oxide nanospheres for the visible-light driven photocatalytic degradation of dyes

• Subas K. Muduli,
• Songling Wang,
• Shi Chen,
• Chin Fan Ng,
• Cheng Hon Alfred Huan,
• Tze Chien Sum and
• Han Sen Soo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 517–523, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.60

• cerium oxide to obtain the band gap. (a) TEM and (b) HRTEM images of the mesoporous cerium oxide nanospheres. (c) Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm of the mesoporous cerium oxide nanospheres. Comparison of RhB concentrations over time at 554 nm, after photocatalytic degradation with mesoporous

• analyzer. The authors also thank Dr. Wei Fengxia for her assistance with HRTEM measurements and Dr. Sarifuddin Gazi for his help with EPR experiments.

Plasma-assisted synthesis and high-resolution characterization of anisotropic elemental and bimetallic core–shell magnetic nanoparticles

• M. Hennes,
• A. Lotnyk and
• S. G. Mayr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 466–475, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.54

• transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) investigation was done using a probe-Cs corrected FEI Titan3 G2 60-300 microscope operating at 300 kV acceleration voltage. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis was performed by using a FEI SuperX detector with high visibility low-background FEI holder. The data was

• , lattice plane separations in individual particles were assessed by analysing the FFT of HRTEM micrographs. In a first step, only the core of individual particles was taken into consideration. It was found to be polycrystalline and yielded results in agreement with Cu and Ni fcc phases (JCPDS: 04-0836 a

• shell consists of an oxygen-rich outer part of several nanometers thickness, which is in agreement with previous HRTEM bright field image results. Finally, the long-term stability of the samples has been analyzed. CS-NPs have therefore been stored for 12 months under ambient air conditions. Subsequent

One-step synthesis of high quality kesterite Cu₂ZnSnS₄ nanocrystals – a hydrothermal approach

• Vincent Tiing Tiong,
• John Bell and
• Hongxia Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 438–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.51

• a JEOL JEM-1400 microscope. High-resolution TEM (HRTEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) images were obtained using JEOL JEM-2100 microscope at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) absorption spectrum of the sample was measured at room temperature using a

• observed, suggesting the highly purity of the synthesized CZTS material [19][20]. The morphology and particle size of the CZTS nanocrystals are shown in Figure 1c, which suggests the CZTS nanocrystals are monodisperse with crystal sizes around 10 ± 3 nm. High-resolution TEM (HRTEM) image in Figure 1d

• reaction duration are shown in Figure 6. Figure 6a illustrates that, prior to the hydrothermal process, the precipitate obtained from the precursor solution is consisting of microspheres with size around 20–250 nm. The HRTEM indicates that the microparticle is the result of aggregation of numerous oval

Dye-sensitized Pt@TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures for the efficient photocatalytic generation of hydrogen

• Jun Fang,
• Lisha Yin,
• Shaowen Cao,
• Yusen Liao and
• Can Xue

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 360–364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.41

• diameter of 30 nm, and the TiO2 shell thickness is around 60 nm. The HRTEM image (Figure 2C) indicates lattice distances of 0.228 nm and 0.341 nm, which correspond to the (111) spacing of the core Pt particle and the (101) spacing of the anatase TiO2 shell. The SEM image (Figure 2D) reveals that these core

• thermal conductivity detector (TCD). XRD patterns of Pt@TiO2 and Pt/TiO2 samples. TEM and SEM images of the Pt@TiO2 sample. (A) (B) TEM images of Pt@TiO2, (C) HRTEM images of Pt@TiO2, (D) SEM image of Pt@TiO2. UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra of the Pt@TiO2 and Pt/TiO2 samples. The H2 yield from Pt@TiO2