Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• potential measurements were carried out using a Malvern Zetasizer Nano–Z instrument at 25 ± 0.1 °C. The data was taken as the average of three independent measurements of 10 runs. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) measurements were carried out using Perkin Elmer Avio 220 Max

Coordination-assembled myricetin nanoarchitectonics for sustainably scavenging free radicals

• Xiaoyan Ma,
• Haoning Gong,
• Kenji Ogino,
• Xuehai Yan and
• Ruirui Xing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 284–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.23

• after centrifuging and washing with water and, subsequently, dissolved in 0.1 M NaOH solution. The concentrations of Myr and GSH were determined by UV–vis spectroscopy. The concentration of Zn2+ was measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Evaluation of ROS

• quantitative stoichiometry analysis. The quantitative component analysis by UV–vis and ICP-OES proved that the molar ratio of Myr/GSH/Zn2+ was close to 1:1:1 (Supporting Information File 1, Table S1 and Figure S1). The UV–vis absorption spectra of pure Myr dispersed in 0.1 M NaOH (pH 13), Myr/Zn2+ complex (pH

The effect of cobalt on morphology, structure, and ORR activity of electrospun carbon fibre mats in aqueous alkaline environments

• Markus Gehring,
• Tobias Kutsch,
• Osmane Camara,
• Alexandre Merlen,
• Hermann Tempel,
• Hans Kungl and
• Rüdiger-A. Eichel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1173–1186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.87

• electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). In addition, the fibres were analysed in terms of their

• . The signal was detected using a heat conductivity detector. ICP-OES for cobalt mass analysis was performed by blending 30 to 50 mg of a sample with 250 mg of a mixture of lithium borates. The blend was heated to 1000 °C within 3 h and kept at this temperature for 30 min. The resulting melt was

• composition of the fibres was determined using a combination of elemental analysis (nitrogen and carbon content) and ICP-OES (Figure 7a) and the distribution of nitrogen types was determined by XPS (Figure 7b). After carbonisation at 1100 °C less than 2 wt % of nitrogen are retained in the fibres in the

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

• , UV–vis spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), dynamic light scattering (DLS), among other techniques [33]. The basic principles of the techniques mentioned here are detailed in the following sections. Each AgNPs is unique, depending on its size, state of

• AgNPs and Ag+ The ICP-OES technique is one of the most popular techniques used to identify metal ions and it allows us to detect AgNPs and Ag+ with high precision and sensitivity. This technique atomizes both Ag+ and AgNPs in the plasma and does not differentiate ionic silver (Ag+) from AgNPs [147

• Information File 1, Figure S1. Thus, when analyzing the supernatant via ICP-OES, we only have the Ag+ content, which is a fundamental control parameter [149]. The concentration of AgNPs is given by the equation below: The mass content (mg/L) of AgNPs must be converted to number of particles/mL, which is

Characterization, bio-uptake and toxicity of polymer-coated silver nanoparticles and their interaction with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

• Sahar Pourhoseini,
• Reilly T. Enos,
• Angela E. Murphy,
• Bo Cai and
• Jamie R. Lead

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 282–294, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.23

• -dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The final concentration of the PVP-AgNP batch was measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES; Varian 710-ES). PVP-AgNP characterization in RPMI medium without cells was conducted using UV–vis spectrometer (extinction spectra of PVP-AgNPs

Effect of different silica coatings on the toxicity of upconversion nanoparticles on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Helena Oliveira and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 35–48, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.3

• ± 3 nm. Subsequently, the negatively charged particles were functionalized with N-(6-aminohexyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AHAPS), which provide a positive charge to the nanoparticle surface. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) measurements revealed that, over the

• inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Before the cell experiments, the stability of the particles in cell culture media was investigated via DLS and ELS. The cytotoxicity of the UCNPs was determined by MTT assays and cell cycle analysis. The UCNP uptake potential was evaluated by

• thermal decomposition method [47], yielding spherical particles with a low polydispersity (Figure 1A, STEM diameter (dSTEM) = 33 ± 2 nm). The hydrodynamic diameter (Z-average) was 47 ± 1 nm (polydispersity index, PDI = 0.38 ± 0.05). ICP-OES measurements yielded a percentual molar ratio of Y/Yb/Er = [74

Atomic layer deposition for efficient oxygen evolution reaction at Pt/Ir catalyst layers

• Stefanie Schlicht,
• Korcan Percin,
• Stefanie Kriescher,
• André Hofer,
• Claudia Weidlich,
• Matthias Wessling and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 952–959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.79

• quantified with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and found to be in the range of 48–66 μg·cm−2 (Table 1). The linear sweep voltammograms presented in Figure 4 and recorded under the exact same conditions as the thermal decomposition samples (Figure 2) are qualitatively

• TN3030+. The loading of the Pt/Ir catalyst was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES, Optima 8300, Perkin Elmer). For this analysis, four-point calibrations (50, 10, 1 and 0.1 ppm) were performed by diluting certified standards. The samples were measured in

• IrALD25PtALD10 (black) and (IrALD5PtALD5)2 (blue). Table 1 lists the noble-metal loadings of the corresponding four samples determined by ICP-OES. Stability analysis of catalyst coated titanium felts using a) the thermal deposition method and b) the ALD method. Pristine (black solid line) storage in V (red

Influence of the epitaxial composition on N-face GaN KOH etch kinetics determined by ICP-OES

• Markus Tautz,
• Maren T. Kuchenbrod,
• Joachim Hertkorn,
• Robert Weinberger,
• Martin Welzel,
• Arno Pfitzner and
• David Díaz Díaz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 41–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.4

• diffraction (XRD). Thin-film processing including laser lift off (LLO) was applied. The influence of epitaxial changes on the N-face etch kinetics was determined in aqueous KOH solution at elevated temperature. Inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was used to measure the etch

• progress in small time increments with high precision. Thereby, the disadvantages of other techniques such as determination of weight loss or height difference were overcome, achieving high accuracy and reproducibility. Keywords: etching; GaN; ICP-OES; KOH; LED; Introduction The light emitting diode (LED

• to achieve better process control during wet-chemical GaN etching. Firstly, using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analysis, we present a powerful tool to monitor the average material removal with nm scale precision. In the second part, several different epitaxial

Coating of upconversion nanoparticles with silica nanoshells of 5–250 nm thickness

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Maysoon Saleh,
• Bastian Rühle,
• Ute Resch-Genger and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2410–2421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.231

• -octadecene (tech. 95%), sodium oleate (82%), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, 98%) as well as yttrium-, ytterbium- and erbium standards for inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) measurements (TraceCERT®, c = 1000 mg/mL) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. All chemicals were used

• ) were used in all measurements performed at room temperature. The concentration of the samples was 1–2 g/L in cyclohexane for oleate-capped UCNPs or ethanol for silica-coated UCNP. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) For the determination of the elemental composition of

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

Highly ordered mesoporous silica film nanocomposites containing gold nanoparticles for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol

• Mohamad Azani Jalani,
• Leny Yuliati,
• Siew Ling Lee and
• Hendrik O. Lintang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1368–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.135

• (ICP-OES) on an Agilent model 700 series spectrometer where the samples were digested in 5 wt % aqua regia. The catalytic performance was studied via a Shimadzu DR UV–vis spectrophotometer (UV-2600) under liquid set-up with the fast scanning method using a standard 3 mL quartz cell. Fabrication of

Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• diameter was calculated to be 2.4 ± 1 nm. The inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) analysis give a weight ratio of 3.8% for Co and 45.5% for Pt. These results show that this new washing procedure is efficient to removed unalloyed non noble metals. Its impact on the structure

• ThermoScientific XPS K-alpha apparatus, which operated with an achromatized Mg K source (1253.6 eV). Pt and Co loadings were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) analysis (Thermo Scientific, ICAP 6300 instrument). Wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) measurements were

Fabrication of photothermally active poly(vinyl alcohol) films with gold nanostars for antibacterial applications

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Maria Moros,
• Claudia Tortiglione,
• Serena Bertoldi,
• Nicola Contessi,
• Silvia Faré,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Agnese D’Agostino,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2040–2048, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.193

• concentration as determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analysis [9][10]. In addition, GNSs bearing terminal carboxylic groups may also act as additional crosslinking agents of hydroxyl groups of the PVA matrix, thus improving its mechanical resistance. Detailed

Involvement of two uptake mechanisms of gold and iron oxide nanoparticles in a co-exposure scenario using mouse macrophages

• Dimitri Vanhecke,
• Dagmar A. Kuhn,
• Dorleta Jimenez de Aberasturi,
• Sandor Balog,
• Ana Milosevic,
• Dominic Urban,
• Diana Peckys,
• Niels de Jonge,
• Wolfgang J. Parak,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.239

• (ESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), while quantification of gold and iron oxide was performed by inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The endocytotic route was determined by the use of specific inhibitors. Results Particle characterisation in cell culture

• vicinity of the cell membrane events of colocalizing AuNPs and FeOxNPs were also found (Figure 4). Quantification of particle uptake The quantification of the intracellular fraction of elemental Au or Fe (Figure 5, top) by ICP-OES revealed a continuous uptake of both particle types in all exposure modes

• by a normal distribution (μ being the mean and σ being the standard deviation) whose third raw moment is given by Since ICP-OES measures only the elemental core and not the polymer shell, Equation 6 is adapted as follows: The mass density of the gold was taken as 19.2 g/cm3, and 5.24 g/cm3 was taken

Bi-layer sandwich film for antibacterial catheters

• Gerhard Franz,
• Florian Schamberger,
• Hamideh Heidari Zare,
• Sara Felicitas Bröskamp and
• Dieter Jocham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1982–2001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.199

• traces are inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), cyclic voltammetry, and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The former two methods have been extensively used and are described in [19][40][41]. The biological methods are the determination of the zone of inhibition around a

• additional incubation, catheters were placed again in fresh artificial urine for another three weeks. The silver concentration in all three samples was measured by ICP-OES using an ICP710-ES (Varian Medical Systems, Willich, Germany), which covers a range of typically more than five orders of magnitude [40

• clusters of metallic silver could succeed in moving through the barrier [67]. Whereas with ICP-OES, it is not possible to distinguish between Ag0 and Ag+, because both species are excited by an inductively coupled plasma, with voltammetry, only ions are detected. In Figure 24, the silver release as

Calcium fluoride based multifunctional nanoparticles for multimodal imaging

• Marion Straßer,
• Joachim H. X. Schrauth,
• Sofia Dembski,
• Daniel Haddad,
• Bernd Ahrens,
• Stefan Schweizer,
• Bastian Christ,
• Alevtina Cubukova,
• Marco Metzger,
• Heike Walles,
• Peter M. Jakob and
• Gerhard Sextl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1484–1493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.148

• carried out by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The capability of these NPs to be used as positive CAs for MRI was also investigated. In addition, the

• the lanthanide ions, we analyze the composition of our nanoparticles further by means of ICP-OES. Table 1 shows the outcome of a representative sample. The obtained ratio of calcium and the lanthanide ions to fluoride ((Ca+Ln)/F = 0.52) is an additional confirmation of the crystalline structure of

• emission in the green spectral range (λ = 542 nm, Figure 3) [36][37]. Additionally, to XRD and ICP-OES measurements this was a confirmation of a successful integration of the Tb3+ ions in the calcium fluoride host lattice. Magnetic resonance imaging MRI is a non-invasive method that is optimized for soft

Bright fluorescent silica-nanoparticle probes for high-resolution STED and confocal microscopy

• Isabella Tavernaro,
• Christian Cavelius,
• Henrike Peuschel and
• Annette Kraegeloh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.130

• nanoparticle number concentrations were calculated based on the determined particle diameter from the TEM measurements and the SiO2 content, which was obtained by ICP-OES (Ultima 2, Horiba Jobin Yvon, Japan). Absorption and fluorescence measurements: All optical measurements were performed at room temperature

High photocatalytic activity of Fe₂O₃/TiO₂ nanocomposites prepared by photodeposition for degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

• Shu Chin Lee,
• Hendrik O. Lintang and
• Leny Yuliati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 915–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.93

• emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) measurement, as listed in Table 2. The Fe/Ti composition (mol %) obtained from the measurement confirmed that the Fe content loaded on the TiO2 was close to the nominal added amount. These results clearly suggested that in the given range of Fe loading (0.1–1 mol %), all the

• by the photogenerated oxygen radicals [21]. It was demonstrated that the use of the Fe(III) acetylacetonate precursor led to a complete photodeposition to form Fe2O3, as also supported by ICP-OES results discussed above. The improved charge transfer of the Fe2O3(0.5)/TiO2 (PD) sample was further

• ) was used as a reference. The elemental compositions (Fe, Ti) on the Fe2O3/TiO2 (PD) nanocomposites were determined using an Agilent 700 series ICP-OES. The adsorption of nitrogen gas on the samples was measured at 77 K on a Quantachrome Novatouch LX4 instrument in order to determine the BET specific

Influence of hydrothermal synthesis parameters on the properties of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

• Sylwia Kuśnieruk,
• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Agnieszka Chodara,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Stanislaw Gierlotka and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1586–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.153

• examined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) with induction in argon plasma (Thermo Scientific, iCAP 6000 series, United Kingdom). The samples analyzed using ICP-OES were prepared as follows: 5 mg of powder was weighed in a 110 mL Teflon® vessel and 15 mL of deionized

• a different starting Ca/P molar ratio and determine the parameters of the obtained powder. The hydroxyapatite precursor was prepared with calcium deficiency, with the molar ratio Ca/P 1.57. The synthesis procedure was the same as described in the section Materials. The results of ICP-OES tests

• ICP-OES measurements. Density and specific surface area (SSA) of synthesized hydroxyapatite powders. Comparison of particle diameter for the various HAp nanopowders, calculated by four different methods. Comparison of crystallite sizes in bones as examples of natural apatite, calculated using XRD and

Straightforward and robust synthesis of monodisperse surface-functionalized gold nanoclusters

• Silvia Varela-Aramburu,
• Richard Wirth,
• Chian-Hui Lai,
• Guillermo Orts-Gil and
• Peter H. Seeberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1278–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.118

• was studied by incubating 12.5 and 25 µM Glc-NCs with the same cell line. After 24 h, the cells were washed with buffer and then treated with aqua regia to transform the gold nuclei into gold ions that were detected by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The Glc-NCs

• measured with ICP-OES and showed an uptake of 108–109 gold atoms per cell. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 168: Additional experimental data. Acknowledgements We thank the Max Planck Society for generous funding. The authors would like to thank the group of Prof. Luisa De Cola for XPS

• measurements, Ms. Jeannette Steffen for ICP-OES assistance and Dr. Maria A. Carillo, Dr. Martina Delbianco, and Dr. Richard Fair for fruitful discussions.

Microwave solvothermal synthesis and characterization of manganese-doped ZnO nanoparticles

• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Roman Mukhovskyi,
• Elzbieta Pietrzykowska,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Jan Mizeracki and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 721–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.64

• using the 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) method No. 8149 (Hach Lange). The chemical composition analysis was carried out by using inductively coupled argon plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) (Thermo Scientific, iCAP model 6000, Great Britain). Samples for the quantitative analysis were

• efficiency of Zn1−xMnxO NPs. The chemical composition analysis was carried out by three methods: ICP-OES, colorimetry and X-ray microanalysis. The most often used methods in the relevant literature are ICP-OES and X-ray microanalysis. All the employed methods provided mutually different results (Table 4

• ). This resulted from the limitations and accuracy of the various analytical techniques in relation to the quantitative determination of zinc and manganese. ICP-OES analysis is regarded as the most accurate and precise method. Figure 8 describes the correlation between NC in the precursor and RC of Mn2

Sonochemical co-deposition of antibacterial nanoparticles and dyes on textiles

• Ilana Perelshtein,
• Anat Lipovsky,
• Nina Perkas,
• Tzanko Tzanov and
• Aharon Gedanken

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1–8, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.1

• FEG from FEI (USA). The Cu and Zn concentrations on the fabric surface were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analysis (Horiba ULTIMA 2 spectrometer) after their dissolution from the fabric with 0.5 M HNO3. The dyes adsorbed on the cotton were

• h under agitation at 100 rpm. The leaching solutions were analyzed by ICP-OES for the presence of ions. The release of NPs into the saline was examined by a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), JEOL, operated at 200 kV. The difference in colorization of the textiles before and

• solution was monitored by ICP-OES measurements. The second column in Table 2 represents the percentage of leached metal oxides NPs relatively to the initial amount of coating on the surface. In order to monitor if NPs were leached off the surface, a drop of leaching solution was placed on a copper grid and

Fabrication of hybrid nanocomposite scaffolds by incorporating ligand-free hydroxyapatite nanoparticles into biodegradable polymer scaffolds and release studies

• Balazs Farkas,
• Marina Rodio,
• Ilaria Romano,
• Alberto Diaspro,
• Romuald Intartaglia and
• Szabolcs Beke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2217–2223, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.227

• a function of time was estimated by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry measurements (ICP-OES, ICAP 6300 duo ThermoScientific). Every time a volume of 25 μL was taken for ICP-EOS analysis and replaced by the same volume of fresh DMEM solution buffer. Results have shown a stable

• measurement (ICP-OES, ICAP 6300 duo thermo scientific) was used to determine the quantity of Ha colloidal solution. For this measurement, 25 µL solution of NPs colloidal solution was introduced in aqua regia, and after overnight acid digestion the final volume was adjusted with Milli-Q water to 25 mL. The

Paramagnetism of cobalt-doped ZnO nanoparticles obtained by microwave solvothermal synthesis

• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Stanislaw Gierlotka,
• Witold Lojkowski,
• Wojciech Knoff,
• Malgorzata I. Lukasiewicz,
• Bartlomiej S. Witkowski,
• Anna Wolska,
• Marcin T. Klepka,
• Tomasz Story and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1957–1969, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.200

• annealed at 800 °C in nitrogen (99.999%) and in synthetic air. The material nanostructure was investigated by means of the following techniques: X-ray diffraction (XRD), helium pycnometry density, specific surface area (SSA), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), extended X

• synthetic air environment, respectively. The particle size after annealing ranges from 30 nm to 2 µm and depending on the amount of Co, the particle shape has a tendency to change from spherical to hexagonal or cubic. The experimentally determined doping level, identified by means of ICP-OES, as a function

• composition of the powders The experimentally measured ion content in the powders may not be identical to that in the solutions. The chemical composition analysis of powders was examined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) with induction in argon plasma (Thermo Scientific

Overview about the localization of nanoparticles in tissue and cellular context by different imaging techniques

• Anja Ostrowski,
• Daniel Nordmeyer,
• Alexander Boreham,
• Cornelia Holzhausen,
• Lars Mundhenk,
• Christina Graf,
• Martina C. Meinke,
• Annika Vogt,
• Sabrina Hadam,
• Jürgen Lademann,
• Eckart Rühl,
• Ulrike Alexiev and
• Achim D. Gruber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 263–280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.25

• inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) revealed elevated silica content in the organs compared to a control group [28]. Taken together, for virtually all techniques described here, a compromise has to be made between optical resolution and thus sensitivity of NP detection and