Using gold nanoparticles to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms: toward liquid biopsy

• María Sanromán Iglesias and
• Marek Grzelczak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 263–284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.20

• enzymes is required (1 U/µL) to maintain cyclic reactions and amplify the concentration of the DNA strands. However, the time required to reach the concentration threshold of a given strand is relatively long (hours), slowing down the operation of an assay. An additional drawback is that enzymatic

• by gold nanoparticles, Yang and co-workers were able to reach a detection limit of 15 pM [108]. Their system consisted of exonuclease III (Exo III), a linker strand and two batches of spherical Au@DNA (Figure 7). The linker was hybridized with a target DNA forming a duplex that could be digested by

Anomalous current–voltage characteristics of SFIFS Josephson junctions with weak ferromagnetic interlayers

• Tairzhan Karabassov,
• Anastasia V. Guravova,
• Aleksei Yu. Kuzin,
• Elena A. Kazakova,
• Shiro Kawabata,
• Boris G. Lvov and
• Andrey S. Vasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 252–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.19

• relative positions of the densities of states Nf(E − eV) and Nf(E) in this case, where almost no peak overlap can be seen, resulting in relatively small values of the integral in Equation 16. As we proceed to larger values of eV, we reach the first local maximum of the CVC, which corresponds to a maximum

High-performance asymmetric supercapacitor made of NiMoO₄ nanorods@Co₃O₄ on a cellulose-based carbon aerogel

• Meixia Wang,
• Jing Zhang,
• Xibin Yi,
• Benxue Liu,
• Xinfu Zhao and
• Xiaochan Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 240–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.18

• . As demonstrated in Figure 7d, the GCD curve was also evaluated to further discuss the performance of the ASC device at up to 1.4 V. Based on the GCD curves, the specific capacitance of the NiMoO4@Co3O4/CA//AC ASC device can reach 125.4 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g, and it still retains 59.8 F

Nonequilibrium Kondo effect in a graphene-coupled quantum dot in the presence of a magnetic field

• Levente Máthé and
• Ioan Grosu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 225–239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.17

• point (2εd + U = 0), for μ ≠ 0, TK does not vanish for metallic leads within the Lacroix approximation. In our case, we do not exactly reach the particle–hole symmetry point due to the conditions outlined above, but we can estimate in the vicinity of particle–hole symmetry. If we consider that 2εd + U

• , and follow the evaluation of the amplitude of the zero-bias peak. Obviously, from the top of the graphic to the bottom, we cross the first curve corresponding to the temperature T/D = 5 × 10−6, then the second one that corresponds to T/D = 5 × 10−5, and finally reach the third curve corresponding to T

• μR (see Figure 6). Consequently, in order to reach the highest transmission probability of the charge carriers at eV = 0 with the chosen parameters of the system, we have to set In Figure 8, we plot the differential conductance as a function of the bias voltage for different values of the Zeeman

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

• PS. Therefore, optimizing the PS/vector affinity is also of importance. But here again, a too stable vector might be problematic if the ROS produced upon irradiation are unable to reach the cellular components. This limitation is also the central one for PS covalently linked to the vector, as already

Nonclassical dynamic modeling of nano/microparticles during nanomanipulation processes

• Moharam Habibnejad Korayem,
• Ali Asghar Farid and
• Rouzbeh Nouhi Hefzabad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 147–166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.13

• 21.51 nm in the classical Timoshenko model reach 5.29, 3.95 and 2.87 nm in the nonclassical model, respectively. In addition, with decreasing aspect ratio, the difference between the classical and nonclassical models is reduced and classical and nonclassical models approach each other. It can be seen

Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides

• Ivana Ruseska and
• Andreas Zimmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 101–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.10

Recent progress in perovskite solar cells: the perovskite layer

• Xianfeng Dai,
• Ke Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 51–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.5

• perovskite solar cell with lower leakage current, better surface coverage and a PCE of 15.76% was fabricated. The addition of HBr shortened the crystallization time. However, the grains of the perovskite films were still not sufficiently large and dense to reach higher PCEs. In order to solve this problem

Influence of the epitaxial composition on N-face GaN KOH etch kinetics determined by ICP-OES

• Markus Tautz,
• Maren T. Kuchenbrod,
• Joachim Hertkorn,
• Robert Weinberger,
• Martin Welzel,
• Arno Pfitzner and
• David Díaz Díaz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 41–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.4

• phosphor-converted white LEDs [2]. To reach a high internal quantum efficiency (IQE), crystal quality must be high in terms of low dislocation density [3]. Dislocations cause non-radiative recombination of induced electron hole pairs and thus lower efficiency. That is why considerable effort is put into

• be partially removed and roughened later in chip processing. This leads to better device performance. However, to reach the precise etch depth and roughness, process control is of utmost importance. If too much GaN material is removed, valleys in between pyramids can cause shorts in the active layer

• and K700 tools. Epitaxy stacks A–E were prepared with different layer stacks (Figure 1). A acts as a reference sample in the following discussion. Usually 3D growth was applied in the layer closest to the substrate. We chose 2D growth to reach a high initial dislocation density and gain maximum

Gold and silver dichroic nanocomposite in the quest for 3D printing the Lycurgus cup

• Lars Kool,
• Floris Dekker,
• Anton Bunschoten,
• Glen J. Smales,
• Brian R. Pauw,
• Aldrik H. Velders and
• Vittorio Saggiomo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 16–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.2

• PVA in water and adding the AgNP solution to reach a ratio of 0.2% w/w of Ag in PVA, and then evaporating the water in a 70 °C oven until the plastic material was dried. The AgNP@PVA presents the same dichroic effect of the AgNP solution, showing a greenish reflection and yellowish transmission

• preparing the 3D printable nanocomposite is similar to the procedure described in [9]. 3D-printable PVA filament was dissolved in water to reach a concentration of 20% w/w of PVA in water. Once the PVA was dissolved, the solution of AuNP or AgNP were added to reach a concentration of 0.2% w/w Ag/PVA and 0.1

Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

• Maximilian Wassner,
• Markus Eckardt,
• Andreas Reyer,
• Thomas Diemant,
• Michael S. Elsaesser,
• R. Jürgen Behm and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.1

• slower than for the Pt/C catalyst. These catalysts do not reach the transport-limited current indicated by the Pt/C catalyst; in fact, they do not seem to reach a constant current at all, indicating that kinetic limitations are active up to very high overpotentials. Correlating the trend in the ORR

Fully amino acid-based hydrogel as potential scaffold for cell culturing and drug delivery

• Dávid Juriga,
• Evelin Sipos,
• Orsolya Hegedűs,
• Gábor Varga,
• Miklós Zrínyi,
• Krisztina S. Nagy and
• Angéla Jedlovszky-Hajdú

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2579–2593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.249

• probability value is smaller than 0.05 (p < 0.05). Drug release measurement For the drug release measurement metoprolol was used as a model drug. Gel disks with a thickness of 0.75 mm and a diameter of 6 mm were swelled in physiological saline solution to reach the equilibrium swelling degree. After that

• adhesion and proliferation [30][58][59]. It was elucidated that this advantageous feature of poly-ʟ-lysine is concentration-dependent, and the amount of poly-ʟ-lysine should be optimized to reach the highest cell viability [30]. In our hydrogels, LYS is not polymerized but present as a monomer and plays a

Long-term stability and scale-up of noncovalently bound gold nanoparticle-siRNA suspensions

• Anna V. Epanchintseva,
• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Dmitrii V. Pyshnyi,
• Elena I. Ryabchikova and
• Inna A. Pyshnaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2568–2578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.248

• salt concentration in the aqueous solution and can reach 150 molecules per one particle. In this study we used a surface density of about 100 molecules of siRNA per 1 AuNP (102.5 ± 3.5) which provided better stability of the AuNP-siRNA construction. We studied the possible effect of a ten-fold increase

Plasmonic nanosensor based on multiple independently tunable Fano resonances

• Lin Cheng,
• Zelong Wang,
• Xiaodong He and
• Pengfei Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2527–2537, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.243

• light effect due to the presence of anomalous group velocity dispersion. Based on Figure 8a and Figure 9c, it can be concluded that the group refractive index obtained at peak2 is 16, and its transmission can also reach 0.43, which confirms excellent performance for a slow light device. Thus, the

Label-free highly sensitive probe detection with novel hierarchical SERS substrates fabricated by nanoindentation and chemical reaction methods

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Yongda Yan,
• Li Wang,
• Peng Miao,
• Yimin Han,
• Xinming Zhang,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Yanquan Geng,
• Zhankun Weng,
• Daniel Laipple and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2483–2496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.239

• . The feasibility of the hierarchical SERS substrate is verified using R6G molecules. Finally, the enhancement factor using malachite green molecules was found to reach 5.089 × 109, which demonstrates that the production method is a simple, reproducible and low-cost method for machining a highly

Abrupt elastic-to-plastic transition in pentagonal nanowires under bending

• Sergei Vlassov,
• Magnus Mets,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Jianjun Bian,
• Leonid Dorogin and
• Vahur Zadin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2468–2476, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.237

• conjugated gradient method in order to make the configuration reach a local stable state. The NW is further equilibrated at 300 K for about 40 ps to relax the internal stress. Figure 1c shows the distribution of von Mises stress on the cross-section after this equilibration. To apply a bending load to the NW

Deterministic placement of ultra-bright near-infrared color centers in arrays of silicon carbide micropillars

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Abdul Salam Al Atem,
• Faraz Ahmed Inam,
• Hans Jürgen von Bardeleben,
• Sophie Hameau,
• Ahmed Fahad Almutairi,
• Gérard Guillot,
• Shin-ichiro Sato,
• Alberto Boretti and
• Jean Marie Bluet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2383–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.229

• isotopically pure SiC to δB ≈ 10nT/√Hz [51][52]. By increasing the photoemission collection efficiency (C) of the color centers and the number of emitters (N), as for example in micropillars, the magnetic field sensitivity can be dramatically improved to reach magnetic sensing resolution of δB ≈ 10nT/√(C·N·Hz

Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects

• Sabrina Barbosa de Souza Ferreira,
• Gustavo Braga,
• Évelin Lemos Oliveira,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva,
• Hélen Cássia Rosseto,
• Lidiane Vizioli de Castro Hoshino,
• Mauro Luciano Baesso,
• Wilker Caetano,
• Craig Murdoch,
• Helen Elizabeth Colley and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2304–2328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.222

• ± 3.33 µg/cm3), which demonstrates that the drug was retained in the mucosa but did not reach the blood flow. These results were influenced by the absence of the water in the donor acceptor. This condition promoted the relation with permeation by the PAS technique. These results were favorable for local

Microfluidics as tool to prepare size-tunable PLGA nanoparticles with high curcumin encapsulation for efficient mucus penetration

• Nashrawan Lababidi,
• Valentin Sigal,
• Aljoscha Koenneke,
• Konrad Schwarzkopf,
• Andreas Manz and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2280–2293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.220

• permeation of the particles through mucus, small particles are required. To ensure proper treatment, it is necessary to reach the target dose; therefore, a high drug loading into the NP carrier is necessary to compensate for their small size in order to reach the target dose. In this study, the encapsulation

• demonstrated improved penetration through pulmonary human mucus in contrast to larger particles of 120 nm and 400 nm diameter. The latter could not reach the observation volume within 1 h, which was attributed to the size-filtering effect. This highly controllable preparation of small particles using

Four self-made free surface electrospinning devices for high-throughput preparation of high-quality nanofibers

• Yue Fang and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2261–2274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.218

• results show that the SSFSE is the best performing FSE device since it provides the highest quality and the maximum yield of nanofibers. Its yield could reach 20.03 g/h at an applied voltage of 40 kV. Compared with the performance of other spinning devices reported in the literature [13][17][20], the

Design and facile synthesis of defect-rich C-MoS₂/rGO nanosheets for enhanced lithium–sulfur battery performance

• Chengxiang Tian,
• Juwei Wu,
• Zheng Ma,
• Bo Li,
• Pengcheng Li,
• Xiaotao Zu and
• Xia Xiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2251–2260, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.217

• electrolyte, the sulfur is also continuously depleted. Consequently, a rapid decay of the specific capacity occurs when the composite is loaded with less sulfur. After several cycles of charge and discharge, the dissolved polysulfide ions in the electrolyte will reach a dynamic equilibrium. The dissolution of

Mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) as multivalent lectin-binding nanomaterials

• Stefania Ordanini,
• Wanda Celentano,
• Anna Bernardi and
• Francesco Cellesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2192–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.212

• were also investigated. In particular, the initial rates of Con A clustering, expressed as arbitrary units per minute (k, AU/min), were derived from the initial slope of the curves; the time to reach half of the maximum turbidity (t1/2) was determined from the endpoint of precipitation (Table 3). The

• , Table 3). This result may be ascribed to an effect of the different polymer composition on the aggregation kinetics. As general trend, the rate constant k of Con A clustering decreased as the valency increased, and consequently the time to reach half of the maximum turbidity t1/2 increased as the

• /2 was calculated as the time to reach half of the maximum optical density in the OD curve. The first three points of the curve was fit with a straight line and its slope was used to determine the initial rate of Con A aggregation k. Synthetic approach (upper panel), final structure and nomenclature

Liquid crystal tunable claddings for polymer integrated optical waveguides

• José M. Otón,
• Manuel Caño-García,
• Fernando Gordo,
• Eva Otón,
• Morten A. Geday and
• Xabier Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2163–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.209

• 1.5–1.7, i.e., close to refractive indices of common LCs. This index matching would not be possible using the usual materials employed in inorganic waveguides, such as silicon or indium phosphide. Silicon nitride, with a refractive index of approximately 2, could be at reach of some high-birefringence

• the confinement of the modes illustrated on the right of Figure 5. The top inset, corresponding to neff = 1.548, shows two leaky modes (actually they reach beyond the boundaries of the calculation). In other words, the refractive index of the cladding is too close to the refractive index of the core

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

• Alberto Boretti,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Jonathan Blackledge and
• Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

Microbubbles decorated with dendronized magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical imaging: effective stabilization via fluorous interactions

• Da Shi,
• Justine Wallyn,
• Dinh-Vu Nguyen,
• Francis Perton,
• Delphine Felder-Flesch,
• Sylvie Bégin-Colin,
• Mounir Maaloum and
• Marie Pierre Krafft

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2103–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.205

• result is already obtained with C2F5, for which MBs of ≈1.0 μm in radius reach a half-life of ≈6.0 h. An atomic force microscopy investigation of spin-coated mixed films of DPPC/IONP@C2X5OEG8Den combinations (molar ratio 28:1) shows that the IONPs grafted with the fluorinated dendrons are located within