A porous 3D-RGO@MWCNT hybrid material as Li–S battery cathode

• Yongguang Zhang,
• Jun Ren,
• Yan Zhao,
• Taizhe Tan,
• Fuxing Yin and
• Yichao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 514–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.52

• @MWCNT composite. The cathode was fabricated by coating a slurry of S-3D-RGO@MWCNT, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and carbon black (mass ratio 8:1:1) on a carbon-coated Al foil. Materials characterization X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the as-prepared 3D-RGO@MWCNT composite were obtained using XRD

Polymorphic self-assembly of pyrazine-based tectons at the solution–solid interface

• Achintya Jana,
• Puneet Mishra and
• Neeladri Das

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 494–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.50

• pyrazine ring at the para-positions, making an angle of 180° between the two binding sites, giving it a linear shape (Figure 1). Details of the synthesis of the molecule, and its characterization by means of FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR, mass spectrometry, and single crystal X-ray diffraction are provided in

• of the molecule estimated from statistical analysis of STM images is 1.4 ± 0.1 nm, which is consistent with that obtained from the detailed crystallographic analysis of the X-ray diffraction data. Moreover, the surface density of the molecules in polymorphs I and II, estimated from the STM images, is

Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy and sensor applications of PtSe₂ nanosheets synthesized by wet chemistry

• Mahendra S. Pawar and
• Dattatray J. Late

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 467–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.46

• carried out at ambient pressure and room temperature. Results and Discussion Structural characterization The structural characterization was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. Figure 1a shows the typical XRD pattern of the as-prepared sample deposited on a Si substrate. XRD

Reduced graphene oxide supported C₃N₄ nanoflakes and quantum dots as metal-free catalysts for visible light assisted CO₂ reduction

• Md Rakibuddin and
• Haekyoung Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 448–458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.44

• heating at 130–190 °C for 5−20 h. It is observed that hydrothermal exposure of acid-treated graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets at low temperature generated larger NFs, whereas QDs are formed at higher temperatures. The formation of GCN hybrid materials was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction

• are first examined by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Figure 2 shows the PXRD patterns of pure g-C3N4 nanosheets and GCN hybrids. A broad peak at 2θ = 27.5° is observed for the g-C3N4 nanosheets, which is due to the interplanar stacking (002 plane) of aromatic C–N heterocycles present in g-C3N4 [32

• gas. Schematic representation of the preparation of C3N4 nanoflakes (NFs), quantum dots (QDs) and the rGO-supported C3N4 (GCN) hybrid material. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns of the synthesized rGO-supported C3N4 (GCN) hybrid materials. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the prepared GCN

Nanocomposite–parylene C thin films with high dielectric constant and low losses for future organic electronic devices

• Marwa Mokni,
• Gianluigi Maggioni,
• Abdelkader Kahouli,
• Sara M. Carturan,
• Walter Raniero and
• Alain Sylvestre

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 428–441, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.42

• the film thickness. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction scans were carried out on a Philips diffractometer on the as-grown samples, using Ni-filtered Cu Kα radiation at 40 kV and 40 mA. The incidence angle was fixed at 0.5° for all the samples. Some spectra were also collected at 1° incidence in order

Improving control of carbide-derived carbon microstructure by immobilization of a transition-metal catalyst within the shell of carbide/carbon core–shell structures

• Teguh Ariyanto,
• Jan Glaesel,
• Andreas Kern,
• Gui-Rong Zhang and
• Bastian J. M. Etzold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 419–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.41

• influence on the final material properties was characterized by using physisorption analysis with nitrogen as well as carbon dioxide, X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO), Raman spectroscopy, SEM and TEM. The results showed that this improved route allows one to greatly vary the

• of the carbon material is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) and physisorption analysis. Results and Discussion Properties of CDC-shell/carbide core starting material First of all, the properties of the hybrid starting material (Figure 1, left) were

Biocompatible organic–inorganic hybrid materials based on nucleobases and titanium developed by molecular layer deposition

• Leva Momtazi,
• Henrik H. Sønsteby and
• Ola Nilsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 399–411, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.39

• 250 and 300 °C, while an overall reduction in growth rate with increasing temperature was observed for the uracil and thymine systems. The bonding modes of the films have been further characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction

Integration of LaMnO_3+δ films on platinized silicon substrates for resistive switching applications by PI-MOCVD

• Raquel Rodriguez-Lamas,
• Dolors Pla,
• Odette Chaix-Pluchery,
• Benjamin Meunier,
• Fabrice Wilhelm,
• Andrei Rogalev,
• Laetitia Rapenne,
• Xavier Mescot,
• Quentin Rafhay,
• Hervé Roussel,
• Michel Boudard,
• Carmen Jiménez and
• Mónica Burriel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 389–398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.38

• analyzed by semi-quantitative energy-dispersive X-ray analyses (EDX) using an Oxford Inca Energy detector coupled to the SEM. A combined study in X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy was performed to determine the crystal structure of the films and to detect the presence/absence of secondary

One-step nonhydrolytic sol–gel synthesis of mesoporous TiO₂ phosphonate hybrid materials

• Yanhui Wang,
• P. Hubert Mutin and
• Johan G. Alauzun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 356–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.35

• infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nitrogen physisorption. For P/Ti ratios up to 0.1, the hybrid materials can be described as aggregated, roughly spherical, crystalline anatase nanoparticles grafted by octylphosphonate groups via Ti–O–P bonds. The crystallite size decreases

• assigned to a deformation mode of adsorbed water), and also of surface hydroxyl groups resulting from the hydrolysis of residual surface groups during washing or manipulation under air. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of TiO2 and of the hybrid samples are presented in Figure 3. The patterns of TiP0.02

A Ni(OH)₂ nanopetals network for high-performance supercapacitors synthesized by immersing Ni nanofoam in water

• Donghui Zheng,
• Man Li,
• Yongyan Li,
• Chunling Qin,
• Yichao Wang and
• Zhifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 281–293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.27

• mm wide and ca. 25 µm thick) were successfully obtained and were denoted as Ni(OH)2/Ni-NF/MG-2, Ni(OH)2/Ni-NF/MG-5, Ni(OH)2/Ni-NF/MG-7, respectively, according to the number of days immersed. Instrumental methods The phase structure of the as-obtained composites was measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD

Site-specific growth of oriented ZnO nanocrystal arrays

• Rekha Bai,
• Dinesh K. Pandya,
• Sujeet Chaudhary,
• Veer Dhaka,
• Vladislav Khayrudinov,
• Jori Lemettinen,
• Christoffer Kauppinen and
• Harri Lipsanen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 274–280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.26

• pores of size ≈600 nm; however, many-coupled branched NCs with hexagonal shape are formed when a patterned pore size of ≈200 nm is used. X-ray diffraction data is in agreement with the observed morphology. A mechanism is proposed to interpret the observed site-specific oriented/branched growth that is

• on bare/patterned ITO were structurally characterized using an X-ray diffractometer (PANalytical X’pert Pro model) having Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.54 Å) in the 2θ range 20° to 80° using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD). The setup consists of an X-ray mirror, a Ni filter, and a PIXcel3D

• ; and the cross-sectional view for (f) S600 (i) S200, respectively. X-ray diffraction spectra of ZnO NCs for SB (on bare ITO), S600 (on patterned ITO with pore size ≈600 nm), and S200 (on patterned ITO with pore size ≈200 nm). Microstructure characterization of hexagonal-shaped twinned ZnO NCs for the

Relation between thickness, crystallite size and magnetoresistance of nanostructured La_1−xSr_xMn_yO_3±δ films for magnetic field sensors

• Rasuole Lukose,
• Valentina Plausinaitiene,
• Milita Vagner,
• Nerija Zurauskiene,
• Skirmantas Kersulis,
• Virgaudas Kubilius,
• Karolis Motiejuitis,
• Birute Knasiene,
• Voitech Stankevic,
• Zita Saltyte,
• Martynas Skapas,
• Algirdas Selskis and
• Evaldas Naujalis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 256–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.24

•  2d). The amount of La (1−x(Sr)) was slightly decreased from 0.975 to 0.9 with respect to the increase of the amount of Sr from 0.025 up to 0.1. The measured content of Mn in the films was in the range of 1.12–1.21. The grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) measurements presented in Figure 2e

Interaction of Te and Se interlayers with Ag or Au nanofilms in sandwich structures

• Arkadiusz Ciesielski,
• Lukasz Skowronski,
• Marek Trzcinski,
• Ewa Górecka,
• Wojciech Pacuski and
• Tomasz Szoplik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 238–246, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.22

• the crystallinity, atomic concentration profile and optical parameters of ≈35 nm-thick silver and gold layers deposited on glass substrates with 2 nm-thick tellurium or selenium interlayers. Our study, based on X-ray reflectometry (XRR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS

• fitted for the samples without wetting films, and then fixed for all other samples. The wetting films/metal and metal/LiF interface roughness were left as fitting parameters. More information about XRR modeling can be found in [40] and references therein. The wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD

Thermal control of the defunctionalization of supported Au₂₅(glutathione)₁₈ catalysts for benzyl alcohol oxidation

• Zahraa Shahin,
• Hyewon Ji,
• Rodica Chiriac,
• Nadine Essayem,
• Franck Rataboul and
• Aude Demessence

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 228–237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.21

• hydroxide, Zr(OH)4, was used as a precursor for the ZrO2 nanoparticles. Zr(OH)4 was calcined at 550 °C for 12 h under air at a rate of 2 °C/min. The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) pattern of the obtained powder indicated the presence of two crystallographic phases of ZrO2, monoclinic and tetragonal (Figure

• air flow at a rate of 2 °C/min. All chemicals were used without further purification. All glassware were washed with aqua regia and rinsed with ethanol. Ultrapure water (18 MΩ) was used in all experiments. Characterization techniques Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) was carried out on a Bruker D8

Uniform Sb₂S₃ optical coatings by chemical spray method

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Arvo Mere and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 198–210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.18

• were investigated using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy. We demonstrated that Sb2S3 optical coatings with controllable structure, morphology and optical properties can be deposited by ultrasonic spray

• temperatures [16]. The vibrational bands corresponding to Sb2O3 were not detected by Raman spectroscopy in any of the studied glass/ITO/TiO2/Sb2S3 samples. X-ray diffraction (XRD) provides qualitative information on the phase composition and crystal structure. XRD patterns of reference glass/ITO/TiO2 samples

• al. [21]. Deconvoluted band centers in Raman shift, band intensities and full widths at half maximum (FWHM) were fitted using a Lorentzian function [61]. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were recorded on a Rigaku Ultima IV powder diffractometer in θ-2θ mode (Cu Kα1 λ = 1.5406 Å, 40 kV, 40 mA, step

Nanoporous water oxidation electrodes with a low loading of laser-deposited Ru/C exhibit enhanced corrosion stability

• Sandra Haschke,
• Dmitrii Pankin,
• Vladimir Mikhailovskii,
• Maïssa K. S. Barr,
• Adriana Both-Engel,
• Alina Manshina and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.15

• Ru/C layer along the inner pore walls. The amorphous material consists of metallic Ru incorporated in a carbonaceous C matrix as shown by X-ray diffraction combined with Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. These porous electrodes reveal enhanced stability during water oxidation as compared

• samples The chemical and phase identity of the Ru/C material obtained by laser-induced deposition is delivered by a combination of X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Firstly, the Ru/C layer is amorphous, since only crystalline Al peaks of the substrate are visible

• in the X-ray diffraction pattern (Figure S3, Supporting Information File 1). The Raman spectra recorded on the Ru/C coated nanostructured sample (Figure 7a) can be divided into two distinct regions below 800 cm−1 and beyond it. In the low- frequency region, the broad peaks centered at 465 and 690 cm

New micro/mesoporous nanocomposite material from low-cost sources for the efficient removal of aromatic and pathogenic pollutants from water

• Emmanuel I. Unuabonah,
• Robert Nöske,
• Jens Weber,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 119–131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.11

• in an inert atmosphere is presented. Regardless of the synthesis temperature, the specific surface area of the nanocomposite material is between ≈150 and 300 m2/g. The material contains both micro- and mesopores in roughly equal amounts. X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and solid-state

• the same concept but using the prefix M instead of Z. The total mass of all components combined was always 10 g. Physicochemical characterization X-ray powder diffraction analysis The X-ray diffraction analysis data were collected on a PANalytical Empyrean powder X-ray diffractometer in a Bragg

• demonstrates that the 2Z-HYCA nanocomposite material is a complex hybrid material containing Si–O, Si–O, Al–O, –OH, –C–N, and C=O. X-ray diffraction analysis Figure 4a shows the powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) diagrams of raw kaolinite (RK) and 2Z-HYCA prepared at different temperatures. After heating

Wet chemistry route for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles for gas sensing

• Hussam M. Elnabawy,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Badawi Anis,
• Mostafa Fedawy,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Ahmed S. G. Khalil,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Xavier Vilanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 105–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.10

• copper grids. The Raman spectra for the different samples was characterized using a Renishaw inVia spectrometer as the powder samples were mounted on clean glass slides. The samples were excited with a green (514 nm) laser using 50% laser power and the exposure time was 10 s. X-ray diffraction (XRD

Amorphous Ni_xCo_yP-supported TiO₂ nanotube arrays as an efficient hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalyst in acidic solution

• Yong Li,
• Peng Yang,
• Bin Wang and
• Zhongqing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 62–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.6

• attention due to their synergistic effect for improving the hydrogen evolution reaction as compared to monometallic phosphides. In this work, NiCoP modified hybrid electrodes were fabricated by a one-step electrodeposition process with TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNAs) as a carrier. X-ray diffraction

• . A control sample Ni–P/TNAs was prepared in a similar fashion without adding Co(NO3)2 in the electrolyte. Sample characterization The following analytic methods were applied to provide structural information on the NixCoyP/TNA samples: X-ray diffraction (XRD, X’Pert pro MPD, Philips) for

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

• Florian Dumitrache,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Elena Dutu,
• Ion Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Alina Ilie,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Cristian Mihailescu,
• Adriana Smarandache and
• Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

• reactive mixture containing tetramethyltin (SnMe4) and diethylzinc (ZnEt2) vapors, diluted Ar, O2 and SF6. Their structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties are reported in this work. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that the nanoparticles possess a tetragonal SnO2 crystalline

• The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of Zn/F co-doped, F-doped and undoped SnO2 nanoparticles are superposed in Figure 1. The ratio, R, between the SnMe4 and ZnEt2 flows is shown on the right of the figure, near the sample name. In all cases, each XRD pattern clearly demonstrated the nanocrystalline

• performed at room temperature using the X-ray diffraction equipment X-Pert PRO MPD from PANalytical. The data is transmitted and then processed by the PANalytical X'Pert High-Score Plus software package. The XRD analytical method use the setup for polycrystalline powders in which the sample is exposed in

Characterization and influence of hydroxyapatite nanopowders on living cells

• Przemyslaw Oberbek,
• Tomasz Bolek,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Seishiro Hirano,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Julia Rogowska-Tylman,
• Ganna Nechyporenko,
• Viktor Zinchenko,
• Wojciech Swieszkowski and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3079–3094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.286

• -Aldrich Co. LLC) at T = 25 °C and the analysis was performed 1 h after suspending the HAps. X-ray diffraction The phase composition of the samples was examined by using X-ray diffraction (Rigaku Ultima, Cu Kα1 radiation, λ = 1.54059 Å, 26 mA and 40 kV). The patterns were collected at standard temperature

A novel polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-modified layered double hydroxide: preparation, characterization and properties

• Xianwei Zhang,
• Zhongzhu Ma,
• Hong Fan,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Jintao Wan and
• Philippe Dubois

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3053–3068, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.284

• via a one-step method and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC). Results

• with a Nicolet 560 spectrometer, using KBr pellets. X-ray diffraction was measured using an X’Pert PRO diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.154 nm). Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) was measured in the range of 2θ = 3–70° with a step width of 0.026°, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was

Hydrogen-induced plasticity in nanoporous palladium

• Markus Gößler,
• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Markus Stütz,
• Norbert Enzinger and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3013–3024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.280

• introduction. In situ X-ray diffraction experiments pointed towards a reduced lattice constant for PdHα [38] when it appeared again during desorption. In the course of the desorption-induced phase transition the lattice constant of the α-phase increases with the growing amount of PdHα (lattice-constant

Co-intercalated layered double hydroxides as thermal and photo-oxidation stabilizers for polypropylene

• Qian Zhang,
• Qiyu Gu,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pinggui Tang,
• Dianqing Li and
• Yongjun Feng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2980–2988, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.277

• mm. Composites of other LDHs with PP (HALS-Ca2Al/PP, MP-Ca2Al/PP, H2M1-Ca2Al/PP, H1M2-Ca2Al/PP, H1M3-Ca2Al/PP) were prepared following a similar process using the required amount of LDH slurry. Characterization Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were performed on a Shimadzu XRD-6000 X-ray

• thermal aging. Molecular structures of Irganox 1425 (MP-Ca) and hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS). Powder X-ray diffraction patterns of different HnMn′-Ca2Al-LDH samples. FTIR spectra of different HnMn′-Ca2Al-LDH samples. SEM images of (a) HALS-Ca2Al, (b) MP-Ca2Al and (c) H2M1-Ca2Al, (d) H1M1-Ca2Al

• , (e) H1M2-Ca2Al, (f) H1M3-Ca2Al. (a) TG and (b) DTA curves of Ca2Al-LDHs: HALS-Ca2Al, MP-Ca2Al, H2M1-Ca2Al, H1M1-Ca2Al, H1M2-Ca2Al, and H1M3-Ca2Al. Powder X-ray diffraction pattern of HnMn′-Ca2Al/PP composites. LDH reflection peaks were marked with “†”. (a) FTIR spectra and (b) visible-light

The nanoscaled metal-organic framework ICR-2 as a carrier of porphyrins for photodynamic therapy

• Jan Hynek,
• Sebastian Jurík,
• Martina Koncošová,
• Jaroslav Zelenka,
• Ivana Křížová,
• Tomáš Ruml,
• Kaplan Kirakci,
• Ivo Jakubec,
• František Kovanda,
• Kamil Lang and
• Jan Demel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2960–2967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.275

• /TPPPi(Ph) in EtOH were centrifuged (11000 rpm, 5 min), redispersed in 10 mL of PBS, and shaken for 4 h at RT. The resulting mixture was centrifuged (11000 rpm, 5 min), washed three times with absolute EtOH, and air-dried before powder XRD measurement. Instrumental methods: Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD

• nanoparticles. The best results were finally obtained in FA/DMF = 9:1 mixture at 100 °C for 96 h. The optimized synthesis was well reproducible and the size of the nanoparticles did not significantly differ from one batch to another. To confirm the composition, nanoICR-2 was characterised by powder X-ray

• diffraction measurements (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The powder XRD pattern depicted in Figure 4 clearly corresponds to the ICR-2 phase [25]. The size of the coherent diffraction domains of 29 nm was calculated from the broadening of the 110 and 020