Investigating structural and electronic properties of neutral zinc clusters: a G₀W₀ and G₀W₀Г₀⁽¹⁾ benchmark

• Sunila Bakhsh,
• Muhammad Khalid,
• Sameen Aslam,
• Muhammad Sohail,
• Muhammad Aamir Iqbal,
• Mujtaba Ikram and
• Kareem Morsy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 310–316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.28

• ionization potential compared to other methods. Keywords: binding energies; CALYPSO structure prediction; DFT; G0W0 studies; zinc clusters; zinc isomers; Introduction Zinc is a group-IIB element that is frequently used as a galvanizing material and in storage media as an anode [1][2][3]. However, its

CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a booster in the active layer of distributed ternary organic photovoltaics

• Gabriela Lewińska,
• Piotr Jeleń,
• Zofia Kucia,
• Maciej Sitarz,
• Łukasz Walczak,
• Bartłomiej Szafraniak,
• Jerzy Sanetra and
• Konstanty W. Marszalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.14

• . Conversely, the HOMO levels of four QDs, namely QD480, QD250, QD580, and QD600, are higher than the HOMO level of P3HT. As a result, the positively charged holes generated can be effectively transported to the anode. The increase in efficiency due to the non-enrichment of absorption and the energy level

In situ optical sub-wavelength thickness control of porous anodic aluminum oxide

• Aleksandrs Dutovs,
• Raimonds Popļausks,
• Oskars Putāns,
• Vladislavs Perkanuks,
• Aušrinė Jurkevičiūtė,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Uldis Malinovskis,
• Iryna Olyshevets,
• Donats Erts and
• Juris Prikulis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 126–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.12

• samples at constant 40 V potential. Platinum cathode and single crystal Al(100) (MTI Corp. mcALa101010) anode were immersed in 0.3 M oxalic acid electrolyte inside a multiwalled container with a transparent optical window. The container was placed on a magnetic stirrer and cooled to 5 °C. The reflectance

• other anodization voltages. The current flow through the Pt cathode could be established or interrupted automatically through a relay switch triggered by the thickness measurement software upon reaching the predefined threshold value. The anode current was monitored using a current-to-voltage (I/U

• anode during the second anodization. (b) Measured PAAO layer thickness during the first anodization. The inset (lower right) shows representative measured and fitted spectra for a relatively thick (2 μm) PAAO layer during anodization. Thickness maps of total PAAO layer and barrier layer obtained using

Isolation of cubic Si₃P₄ in the form of nanocrystals

• Polina K. Nikiforova,
• Sergei S. Bubenov,
• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Andrey S. Kumskov,
• Nikolay N. Kononov,
• Tatyana A. Kuznetsova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 971–979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.80

• precursor for diffusion doping of wafers and as anode material for Li-ion batteries. A similar method with a hydrogenation step offers the possibility to obtain other compounds, such as silicon selenides, arsenides, and sulfides. Keywords: ampoule annealing; defective zinc blende structure; DFT

In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes

• Ha Tran Huu,
• Ngoc Phi Nguyen,
• Vuong Hoang Ngo,
• Huy Hoang Luc,
• Minh Kha Le,
• Minh Thu Nguyen,
• My Loan Phung Le,
• Hye Rim Kim,
• In Young Kim,
• Sung Jin Kim,
• Van Man Tran and
• Vien Vo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62

• report an in situ magnesiothermic reduction to synthesize a composite of Ge@C as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. The obtained electrode delivered a specific capacity of 454.2 mAh·g−1 after 200 cycles at a specific current of 1000 mA·g−1. The stable electrochemical performance and good rate

• contact formation during in situ synthesis. Keywords: Ge anode; in situ synthesis; lithium-ion batteries; magnesiothermic reduction; Introduction The significantly increasing energy consumption leads to the exhaustion of fossil fuel sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas. Additionally, there are

• robustness, for example, a higher resistance to pulverization than Si, the durability of Ge-based anode is not sufficient for practical applications [14]. To overcome this limitation, nanoscale control and composite design are two effective strategies [15][16][17][18][19]. In addition to various Ge

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

Evaluation of electrosynthesized reduced graphene oxide–Ni/Fe/Co-based (oxy)hydroxide catalysts towards the oxygen evolution reaction

• Karolina Cysewska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Marcin Zając,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 420–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.34

• process is primarily the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to its sluggish kinetics resulting in a high overpotential and low efficiency [4]. To overcome this problem, robust anode electrode catalyst materials are required. Since the Ru- and Pt-based catalysts used so far for OER are made using limited

• obtained on an ultrahigh vacuum spectrophotometer at a pressure below 1.1 × 10−8 mbar at room temperature (Omicron NanoTechnology). Photoelectrons were detected by a spectrophotometer equipped with a 128-channel collector. The X-ray anode was operated at 15 keV and 300 W. The chemical composition

A novel approach to pulsed laser deposition of platinum catalyst on carbon particles for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Bogusław Budner,
• Wojciech Tokarz,
• Sławomir Dyjak,
• Andrzej Czerwiński,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 190–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.19

• cost of PEMFCs depend on the materials used to construct their major components, which are anode, cathode, and polymer electrolyte membranes [3][6]. Therefore, supplying good-performance materials with controlled nanostructures to fuel cell technology is a crucial issue [7]. One solution to this

• commonly used catalyst in PEMFCs is platinum on various carbon support materials, which is used in both the anode and cathode because of its high catalytic activity toward the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) [6][17][18][19][21][22][23][24][25]. Pt is also characterized

• support Platinum was deposited on the synthesized carbon material C-11 and Vulcan XC-72R, one of the most popular materials used as catalyst support in the anode and cathode electrodes of PEMFCs. The platinum deposition was performed in vacuum at a pressure of around (4.6 ± 0.8) × 10−5 mbar. The PLD

Photoelectrochemical water oxidation over TiO₂ nanotubes modified with MoS₂ and g-C₃N₄

• Phuong Hoang Nguyen,
• Thi Minh Cao,
• Tho Truong Nguyen,
• Hien Duy Tong and
• Viet Van Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1541–1550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.127

• and reduction reactions at, respectively, the anode and cathode described by Equation 3 and Equation 4. Oxidation reaction at the anode: Reduction reaction at the cathode: Carrying out the reactions in a neutral medium also contributes to the increased durability of the electrodes. However, the lack

• of initial H+ concentration can reduce the efficiency of the H2 production. For an effective water splitting process, the oxidation reaction of OH− ions in the electrolyte needs to take place at the anode to generate e− and H+ ions along with O2. The e− current will immediately migrate to the cathode

Structural studies and selected physical investigations of LiCoO₂ obtained by combustion synthesis

• Monika Michalska,
• Paweł Ławniczak,
• Tomasz Strachowski,
• Adam Ostrowski and
• Waldemar Bednarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1473–1482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.121

• lithium cells in 1979 by researchers from Oxford University [1]. The cell consisted of LCO, which was used as the cathode material, and metallic lithium, which was used as the anode material. In 1985, it was proposed to replace the Li metal in the negative electrode with the carbonaceous material graphite

• cathode and a graphite anode immersed in a lithium-ion conducting electrolyte, which is 1 M lithium hexafluorophosphate LiPF6 in a 1:1 (v/v) mixture of ethylene and dimethyl carbonate. Most commercial Li-ion cells are used to power portable devices, including mobile phones, laptops, and cameras [5][6][7

LED-light-activated photocatalytic performance of metal-free carbon-modified hexagonal boron nitride towards degradation of methylene blue and phenol

• Nirmalendu S. Mishra and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.114

• times with DI water, and dried overnight at 60 °C. The commercially available HBN was used as a control sample. Characterization techniques A Rigaku Smart Lab high-resolution X-ray diffractometer (HR-XRD) equipped with a HyPix-3000 detector and Cu anode emitting Kα radiation was employed to obtain the

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• fluoride oxidation at the anode to form nanopores of 50–100 nm in diameter. After electrodeposition, the carbon nanotubes are grown by CVD at 750 °C. If the carbon nanotubes do not grow in a suitable trend, they are removed by oxidation. The CNT tips are then grown again by CVD. The CVD nanotube tips can

Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation

• Jia-Cheng Feng and
• Hong Xia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99

• voltage to two spiral electrodes, the material between the electrodes generated a gradient of hydroxy groups through polarization. The cathode was reduced to generate more hydroxy groups; the anode was oxidized to generate more o-quinone structures. This asymmetry was demonstrated by the stronger hydrogen

• electrodes for (1) the anode and (2) the cathode. (f) Infrared spectra of g-PDA near (1) the anode and (2) the cathode. (g) High-resolution C 1s spectra of the g-PDA film for (1) the anode and (2) the cathode. Figure 8e–g were reprinted with permission from [84], Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society

Efficient liquid exfoliation of KP₁₅ nanowires aided by Hansen's empirical theory

• Zhaoxuan Huang,
• Zhikang Jiang,
• Nan Tian,
• Disheng Yao,
• Fei Long,
• Yanhan Yang and
• Danmin Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 788–795, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.69

• nanoparticles as anode materials to promote the rapid diffusion and electron transfer of lithium, and Rongjun Zhao prepared n-butanol gas sensors with one-dimensional In2O3 nanorods [1][2]. Different from 2D materials, 1D materials generally have a chain-like crystal structure and are easily exfoliated due to a

Nanoarchitectonics of the cathode to improve the reversibility of Li–O₂ batteries

• Hien Thi Thu Pham,
• Jonghyeok Yun,
• So Yeun Kim,
• Sang A Han,
• Jung Ho Kim,
• Jong-Won Lee and
• Min-Sik Park

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 689–698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.61

• (LOBs) have received great attention as a future energy storage solution since they offer a tremendously high energy density compared to commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) [1][2]. An aprotic LOB is composed of a porous air cathode and a metallic Li anode, which are separated by a porous separator

• from the metallic Li anode, leading to the formation of Li2O2 as the final discharge product. During the subsequent charge, Li2O2 can be reversibly decomposed to Li+ and O2 by the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) [3][4][5][6]. Considering these reaction mechanisms of LOBs, the cathode should have a

• (Thermal Analyzer, TGA Q5000 IR) with a scan rate of 5 °C·min−1 under Ar atmosphere. Electrochemical experiments The electrochemical performance of cathode materials was investigated using a coin-type LOB cell composed of a Li metal anode, a liquid electrolyte impregnated into a glass-fiber separator, and

Influence of thickness and morphology of MoS₂ on the performance of counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells

• Lam Thuy Thi Mai,
• Hai Viet Le,
• Ngan Kim Thi Nguyen,
• Van La Tran Pham,
• Thu Anh Thi Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thanh Le Huynh and
• Hoang Thai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 528–537, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.44

• ) [6][7][8][9]. Since the reduction of I3− to I− on the CE plays a vital role in the regeneration of the oxidized dye molecules on the photoanode of the DSSCs, the electrocatalytic behavior of MoS2 CEs was further evaluated regarding the first redox couple (Ox1/Red1). Various parameters including anode

• /cathode peak potentials (EpOx1, EpRed1), peak-to-peak voltage separation (Epp), and anode/cathode peak current densities (JOx1, JRed1) were calculated and presented in Table 1. The Epp value for MoS2 CEs was slightly larger than that of Pt CE confirming their excellent electrocatalytic activity. The JRed1

• assembled using the pre-cleaned FTO plates (1.5 × 1.5 cm) for the fabrication of anode and cathode. For cathode preparation, MoS2/FTO CEs were prepared with different morphologies from the above MoS2 samples. The obtained CEs were designated as MoS2-1.25/FTO, MoS2-2.5/FTO, and MoS2-5.0/FTO. For comparison

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• protection based on GR NEM switch structures can be integrated into the back end of the substrate, as shown in Figure 7. The anode and cathode of the switches are connected to input/output pads and ground pad on a chip, respectively. When electrostatic discharge occurs, the suspended graphene will be pulled

The effect of metal surface nanomorphology on the output performance of a TENG

• Yiru Wang,
• Xin Zhao,
• Yang Liu and
• Wenjun Zhou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 298–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.25

• during electrodeposition. The sample after electrodeposition was dried in a Geruida GRD220H oven. After obtaining 16 groups of experimental samples, PTFE (purchased from Bukraun) was used as the anode, and the experimental sample was used as the cathode to fabricate the TENGs. The open-circuit voltage

• the electrolyte. The deposition area was set to 9 cm2 by adjusting the position of the anode copper sheet and the cathode copper sheet immersed in the electrolyte. The distance between the anode and cathode plates was fixed at 5 cm to avoid the impact of plate spacing on the nanomorphology of the

Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review

• Keshav Nagpal,
• Erwan Rauwel,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Protima Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1078–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.80

• as the emissive layer (EML), the hole transport layers (HTL), the electron transport layers (ETL), the cathode, and the anode [17][18][19][20][21]. Enhancement in LED properties via surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of metal nanoparticles (MNP) such as Au and Ag have also been reported [22][23]. This

• feasibility of incorporating GR and CNT in large-scale devices is also discussed. Even though plasmonic nanoparticles (NP) are a developing field, their applications are nonetheless promising. The effect of these nanostructures on the performance of LED when included in individual layers (i.e., anode, HTL

• review is available in Table 1. Enhancing the anode characteristics For LED, the general strategy is to use a current-spreading layer (anode) with a high electrical conductivity and a high transparency ranging from the UV to the red region. Additionally, it should also be cost-effective and producible on

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• , Na dendrite growth, and slow reaction kinetics by nanostructuring both the sulfur cathode and the Na anode. Moreover, a survey of recent patents on room temperature (RT) Na–S batteries revealed that nanostructured sulfur and sodium electrodes are still in the minority, which suggests that much

• investigation and innovation is needed until RT Na–S batteries can be commercialized. Keywords: composites; metal-free anode; Na–S; sodium nanostructures; sodium–sulfur batteries; sulfur nanostructures; Introduction The progress and innovation of cheaper, cleaner, safer, and more efficient electrical energy

• available anode and cathode materials are sought. Table 1 lists some abundant metals as anode materials with high capacity and reduction potential values that are explored in metal-ion batteries [7][8][9]. Besides sodium as alternative anode material, also sulfur as abundant cathode material has emerged due

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• surface coating with nanoparticles through electrodeposition. A general electrodeposition setup consists of three electrodes, that is cathode, anode, and a reference electrode [78]. The solvation property and the conductivity of DESs also play a critical role in determining the physical structure, yield

Electromigration-induced formation of percolating adsorbate islands during condensation from the gaseous phase: a computational study

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 694–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.55

• neighboring vacancies in the direction of electron flow leading to an accumulation of atoms at the anode and vacancies at the cathode [1][2]. Current trends in computer technology, namely, reducing the size of integrated circuits, increasing their power, and increasing the density of elements, have led to an

• between anode and cathode); e is the electron charge. The direction of the force Fel is defined by the effective valence Z, which is negative for most metals. Thus, the adsorbed atoms move in the opposite direction to the electric field. In the general case if the electric field is applied across the

• induced by an electric field: ±kem∇xx(r), where it is taken into account that the electric field is directed along the direction x, and the sign ± is determined by the relative position of the cathode and anode. The rate of directed motion kem is proportional to the strength E of the electric field. A

Interface interaction of transition metal phthalocyanines with strontium titanate (100)

• Reimer Karstens,
• Thomas Chassé and
• Heiko Peisert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 485–496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.39

• a thickness of 0.34 nm estimated from the structure of an α-polymorph of TMPcs [42][43][44]. Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) measurements were performed using an ultrahigh-vacuum setup equipped with a monochromatized standard source (Al Kα), a twin-anode standard source (Al Kα and Mg Kα), PHOIBOS

Solution combustion synthesis of a nanometer-scale Co₃O₄ anode material for Li-ion batteries

• Monika Michalska,
• Huajun Xu,
• Qingmin Shan,
• Shiqiang Zhang,
• Yohan Dall'Agnese,
• Yu Gao,
• Amrita Jain and
• Marcin Krajewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 424–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.34

• obtained material was composed of loosely arranged nanoparticles whose average diameter was about 36 nm. The as-prepared cobalt oxide powder was also tested as the anode material for Li-ion batteries and revealed specific capacities of 1060 and 533 mAh·g−1 after 100 cycles at charge–discharge current

• current densities between 50 and 5000 mA·g−1. Keywords: anode material; cobalt oxide; lithium-ion battery; solution combustion synthesis; transition metal oxide; Introduction Recently, a considerable research effort regarding new anode materials has been made because the traditional carbonaceous anodes

• area, which, surprisingly, revealed high rate capability and long cycle life as anode electrode material for Li-ion batteries. The obtained results are discussed in detail in the following sections of this work. Results and Discussion The structure of as-prepared Co3O4 powder was verified by XRD and

Paper-based triboelectric nanogenerators and their applications: a review

• Jing Han,
• Nuo Xu,
• Yuchen Liang,
• Mei Ding,
• Junyi Zhai,
• Qijun Sun and
• Zhong Lin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 151–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.12

• attention from different sectors. Cathodic protection is an effective and a traditional method to keep metals from corrosion. It can be obtained by an external direct current or a by a passive sacrificial anode [155][156][157]. However, traditional cathodic protection needs external electricity, which is

• square-shaped A3 steel piece was connected to the cathode and a carbon electrode was connected to the anode, with a P-TENG paired with a rectifier and a capacitor connected in parallel with the electrochemical system. The P-TENG, in this case, was composed of PVDF and paper as the friction layers. The

• (Dunaliella and Navicula) were used as typical indicators to simulate the ecological environment of the marine fouling organisms. Two stainless steel pieces were connected to the anode and to the cathode with a rectifier, and another piece of stainless steel was directly immersed into the algae medium as the