Tubular glassy carbon microneedles with fullerene-like tips for biomedical applications

• Sharali Malik and
• George E. Kostakis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 455–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.38

• led to many advanced technological applications [1]. The use of glassy carbon as an electrode material in electrochemistry is probably its best-known application. However, understanding the microstructure of glassy carbon is far from straightforward, therefore, this continues to be an area of active

• procedure utilising catalytic methane pyrolysis to fabricate glassy carbon microneedle electrodes for biomedical applications. Results and Discussion Growth of glassy carbon microneedles Previously, glassy carbon microneedles have been made by the pyrolysis of commercially available polymers. The polymer

• characterization techniques such as XPS and TEM. Recently, V. Uskoković [30] has pointed out that although glassy carbons have seen numerous application in the last fifty years, biomedical applications have been sporadic. I. Schreiver et al. [31] have shown that allergic reactions can be triggered by nickel and

A non-enzymatic electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensor based on copper oxide nanostructures

• Irena Mihailova,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Marina Krasovska,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Valdis Mizers,
• Andrejs Bulanovs and
• Andrejs Ogurcovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 424–436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.35

• substances are most commonly encountered in clinical and pharmaceutical applications together with H2O2. They are also oxidizing agents that can react with CuO during electrochemical tests, leading to a false increase in the current signal. The amperometric response after sequential injection of 0.1 mM H2O2

A chemiresistive sensor array based on polyaniline nanocomposites and machine learning classification

• Jiri Kroutil,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Ali Ahmad,
• Jan Voves,
• Vojtech Povolny,
• Ladislav Klimsa,
• Marina Davydova and
• Miroslav Husak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 411–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.34

• powerful tool to address the abovementioned drawbacks is the implementation of a multisensor array combined with appropriate pattern recognition and classification tools [6]. Recently, classification in gas sensing applications has been carried out by principal component analysis to identify the difference

• combination for E-nose and gas sensor applications. The usage of a powerful classification system based on statistical analysis and machine learning algorithms is a prime need for sensing applications in different fields, such as gas detection and monitoring [22][23], food industry [24], and agriculture [25

• squared distance between original data and those reconstructed from reduced data. It has been shown that where U and Λ are the eigenvector matrix and the diagonal eigenvalues matrix of the data covariance matrix, respectively. PCA has been extensively used for gas sensor applications [28][29][30]. LDA

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• increasing attention due to their unique ductility. This review summarizes nanoelectromechanical switches made by flexible materials and classifies and discusses their applications in, among others, radio frequency systems, microfluidic systems, and electrostatic discharge protection. It is supposed to give

• researchers a more comprehensive understanding of the pull-in phenomenon and the development of its applications. Also, the review is meant to provide a reference for engineers to design and optimize devices. Keywords: electrostatics; MEMS; microfluidics; NEM switches; pull-in; Introduction It has become

• more and more difficult for traditional electronic devices made of rigid substrates to meet the needs of flexible and low-cost applications in complex environments. Flexible electronics have great potential for applications such as portable displays, electronic skin, and wearable healthcare. With the

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• made and offered hope for the treatment of degenerative diseases [3]. Articular cartilage defects were one of the first potential candidates for tissue engineering (TE) applications due to their anural and avascular integrity. Many efforts have been devoted to developing scaffolds with similar

• cues, and surface stiffness in osteochondral tissue differentiation and engineering is discussed with examples from recent studies that highlight their importance in tissue engineering applications. 2 Articular cartilage biology The composition and complex structure of articular cartilage need to be

• candidates for biomedical applications (Table 1). Collagen fibril and fibrous proteins are naturally occurring nanofibers whose fiber diameters range between 50 and 150 nm, depending on tissue type and function. Various techniques to fabricate nanofibers include 3D printing, molecular self-assembly

Alcohol-perturbed self-assembly of the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein

• Ismael Abu-Baker and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 355–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.30

• applications [7][8]. Many viruses and VLPs form monodisperse particles due to the natural capsid protein symmetry and inter-subunit interactions, as well as interactions with encapsidated genetic material [9][10]. Viruses can be obtained in high yields by propagation in host organisms, and viral capsid

• , Supporting Information File 1). Stacked disks at high isopropyl alcohol concentrations were longer than at high methanol concentrations and showed large clusters in TEM. Conclusion The use of dipolar cosolvents to perturb the assembly of TMV-cp has potential applications for nanomaterials. Low concentrations

• applications for helical and non-helical particles include templated waveguides and negative index materials [43][44]. High alcohol content can also cause aggregation of rod-shaped particles into large raft-like structures, which could allow for templating relatively large surface areas. The effect of alcohol

A broadband detector based on series YBCO grain boundary Josephson junctions

• Egor I. Glushkov,
• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Leonid S. Kuzmin and
• Leonid S. Revin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 325–333, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.27

• applications the performance of the HTSC devices is limited by the fairly low impedance of the JJ. It leads to moderate conversion efficiency in Josephson mixers [15][16] and reduced absorbed power in JJ detectors [17]. One possible way to solve this problem is to replace a single JJ by a chain or an array of

Interfacial nanoarchitectonics for ZIF-8 membranes with enhanced gas separation

• Season S. Chen,
• Zhen-Jie Yang,
• Chia-Hao Chang,
• Hoong-Uei Koh,
• Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi,
• Kuo-Lun Tung and
• Kevin C.-W. Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.26

• Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O.Box 84428. Riyadh 116711, Saudi Arabia 10.3762/bjnano.13.26 Abstract Metal-organic framework (MOF) membranes are potentially useful in gas separation applications. Conventional

• current membrane separation market in chemical engineering is dominated by polymeric membranes because of their low cost, ease of production, and mechanical flexibility [6][7][8][9]. However, applications of polymeric membranes in the separation processes are limited by their short lifetime and inferior

The effect of metal surface nanomorphology on the output performance of a TENG

• Yiru Wang,
• Xin Zhao,
• Yang Liu and
• Wenjun Zhou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 298–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.25

• [18][19][20][21], water wave energy [22][23], acoustic energy [24][25], and energy generated by human activities [26][27] can be collected and effectively converted into electrical energy for medical, meteorological, and other applications. A new type of TENG with environmental protection, high

Coordination-assembled myricetin nanoarchitectonics for sustainably scavenging free radicals

• Xiaoyan Ma,
• Haoning Gong,
• Kenji Ogino,
• Xuehai Yan and
• Ruirui Xing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 284–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.23

• Xiaoyan Ma Haoning Gong Kenji Ogino Xuehai Yan Ruirui Xing Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Process Engineering

• signal pathways and, thus, of sustainably scavenging radicals. However, Myr is poorly soluble in water, which limits its bioavailability for biomedical applications, and even its clinical therapeutic potential. The antioxidant peptide glutathione (GSH) plays a role as antioxidant in cells and possesses

• phosphopeptides, exhibited huge therapeutic potential in antioxidant treatments [11][12][13]. Nevertheless, a plenty of disadvantages restrict biomedical applications, namely low biocompatibility of the metal-based nanomaterials, low bioavailability of hydrophobic small-molecule compounds, and easy degradation of

Systematic studies into uniform synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Nahal Habibi,
• Ava Mauser,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 274–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.22

• molecules [7] and has been shown to be an attractive vehicle for hydrophobic drugs in several clinical and preclinical applications [8]. This feature is highlighted in the success of AbraxaneTM, a nanoparticle albumin bound (nab) technology to delivery paclitaxel – a hydrophobic cancer therapeutic

• tuned by changing their respective protein-to-protein ratios. Future efforts will include the application of these methods to a range of nanomedicine applications and further studies aimed at correlating these properties with SPNP performance in vitro and in vivo. The direct scalability of the

Investigation of a memory effect in a Au/(Ti–Cu)Ox-gradient thin film/TiAlV structure

• Damian Wojcieszak,
• Jarosław Domaradzki,
• Michał Mazur,
• Tomasz Kotwica and
• Danuta Kaczmarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 265–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.21

• ] and chaotic systems [4][5], textile electronics [6], and even quantum systems [7]. Resistive switching devices have already found their place in the field of memory applications, especially in non-volatile memory such as resistive random access memory (RRAM) [8][9][10][11][12] or conducting bridge

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle clusters

• Xue Wang,
• Lili Xuan and
• Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

• nanomaterial that has received considerable attention is Fe3O4 core-based nanoparticles, which have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as safe biomaterial with no long-term toxicity [6][7]. The superparamagnetic properties make them ideally suited for many biomedical applications, such as

Relationship between corrosion and nanoscale friction on a metallic glass

• Haoran Ma and
• Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 236–244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.18

• ); corrosion; friction; metallic glass; passive film; Introduction Metallic glasses (MGs) exhibit excellent mechanical properties including extraordinary hardness and strength [1][2]. Thus, MGs have emerged as novel wear-resistant materials with high potential in tribological applications [3][4][5][6][7][8

• nanoscale is crucially important. Microscale bearings made of Ni-based MGs lasted four times longer than those machined from sintered alloy [12]. Corrosive degradation, as one of the major failure mechanisms of metals and alloys, is an important issue in engineering applications of MGs. Protective oxide

• a significantly lower contribution of plowing to nanoscale friction and wear [20]. As far as we know, the effect of oxide films on the nanotribological properties of MGs formed in corrosive solutions has not yet been investigated, although it is important for miniaturized applications of MGs under

Surfactant-free syntheses and pair distribution function analysis of osmium nanoparticles

• Mikkel Juelsholt,
• Jonathan Quinson,
• Emil T. S. Kjær,
• Baiyu Wang,
• Rebecca Pittkowski,
• Susan R. Cooper,
• Tiffany L. Kinnibrugh,
• Søren B. Simonsen,
• Luise Theil Kuhn,
• María Escudero-Escribano and
• Kirsten M. Ø. Jensen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 230–235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.17

• ] complexes. Keywords: metal nanoparticles; osmium; pair distribution function; surfactant-free synthesis; Findings Precious metals are limited resources, yet fundamental for a range of applications, such as in medicine or catalysis [1][2][3]. There are relatively few reports on osmium (Os) compared to

Impact of device design on the electronic and optoelectronic properties of integrated Ru-terpyridine complexes

• Max Mennicken,
• Sophia Katharina Peter,
• Corinna Kaulen,
• Ulrich Simon and
• Silvia Karthäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 219–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.16

• metallo-supramolecular wires are promising candidates as electronic and luminochromic materials, which are also useful in a variety of other applications [1][2][3]. They are available with different transition metal centers and numerous chelating ligands. The ligands may be designed to promote the wire

• [5][6][7]. TP complexes, themselves or as hybrid materials with (semi)conducting species, are redox-active and, thus, enable applications in nanoelectronics and catalysis [8][9][10]. Among the suitable transition metal centers, Ru is highly attractive since Ru(TP)2-complexes show intense metal-to

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• systems for theranostic purposes. Titanium dioxide (titanium(IV) oxide/titania/TiO2) has garnered considerable attention as one of the most extensively studied metal oxides in clinical applications. Owing to the unique properties of titania, such as photocatalytic activity, excellent biocompatibility

• , and low toxicity [1]. TiO2 nanomaterials can be applied in a host of applications, including biomedical, optical, electronic, mechanical, and chemical fields, amongst other scenarios [2]. The application of titania nanomaterials in the pharmaceutical field has brought revolutionary changes by

• their clinical applications, including their usage as an implant material, antimicrobial agent, drug delivery vehicle, photothermal therapeutic tool, and antivenom. In addition, the intriguing physical and chemical properties of titania nanomaterials that affect their biocompatibility are also discussed

Piezoelectric nanogenerator for bio-mechanical strain measurement

• Zafar Javed,
• Lybah Rafiq,
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer,
• Saqib Siddiqui,
• Muhammad Babar Ramzan,
• Muhammad Qamar Khan and
• Muhammad Salman Naeem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 192–200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.14

• . Piezoelectric materials offer advantages as transducers, sensors, and energy-harvesting devices. Commonly, ceramics and quartz are used in such applications. However, polymeric piezoelectric materials have the advantage that they can be converted into any shape and size. In smart textiles, polyvinylidene

• posture, shape, and gesture. They primarily focused on studying a leg pad that was able to perceive the knee movement and posture [10]. Piezoelectric sensors have a wide range of applications including sidewalks or crosswalks that collect energy from vibrations, which can be store in batteries [11

• ]. Moreover, piezoelectric sensors can be used at workplaces and gyms to collect energy from machine vibrations [12]. These sensors are embedded under the shoes so that the pressure exerted during walking or running can be converted into energy and can be used for different applications. Piezoelectric sensors

Low-energy electron interaction and focused electron beam-induced deposition of molybdenum hexacarbonyl (Mo(CO)₆)

• Po-Yuan Shih,
• Maicol Cipriani,
• Christian Felix Hermanns,
• Jens Oster,
• Klaus Edinger,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 182–191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.13

• applications of such types a good and target-oriented fabrication control of molybdenum nanostructures is important. Potentially, this may be achievable by focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID). In FEBID of metallic structures, organometallic precursor molecules are generally used as the metal

Thermal oxidation process on Si(113)-(3 × 2) investigated using high-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy

• Hiroya Tanaka,
• Shinya Ohno,
• Kazushi Miki and
• Masatoshi Tanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 172–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.12

• . Finally, we briefly highlight the relation between the findings of this study and technological applications motivated by our previous finding of the remarkably reduced Dit value on Si(113) [1]. First, we found that silicon atoms were expelled during thermal oxidation, as similar to the case of Si(001

Theoretical understanding of electronic and mechanical properties of 1T′ transition metal dichalcogenide crystals

• Seyedeh Alieh Kazemi,
• Sadegh Imani Yengejeh,
• Vei Wang,
• William Wen and
• Yun Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 160–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.11

• properties of the monolayers shows that the interlayer van der Waals forces can slightly weaken the TM–X covalent bonding strength, which can further influence the mechanical properties. These insights revealed by our theoretical studies may boost more applications of 1T′ TMD materials. Keywords: 1T

• ′ polytype; anisotropy; density functional theory; layered transition metal dichalcogenide crystals; shear modulus; Young’s modulus; Introduction Layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have received increasing attention as important and versatile materials for new applications in different sectors

• behavior of the TMD materials and successful applications of the TMDs, depending on proper structural polytypes. Among those polytypes, 1T′ is one that has been studied theoretically very little. Nevertheless, 1T′ can be of great interest and is being explored increasingly regarding potential applications

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• regulation of parameters has made the electrospun nanofibers find its applications in various areas such as the health sector, food, energy and textile industries, and environmental remediation. Electrospun nanohybrids (ENHs) produced by immobilization of function-specific nanoparticles or mixtures of

• , modified chitin, cellulose acetate (CA) and chitosan (CS) have been electrospun as nanohybrids and have been used in a variety of applications [7][8]. Regarding the health sector, the enhanced biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, and cell compatibility has made ENHs great candidates to deliver

• alone [12]. In addition, ENHs have been utilized in energy applications as well. Zhang et al. developed a graphene oxide (GO)-based nanohybrid Nafion nanofiber as a proton-exchange membrane (PEM) for fuel cells to overcome low proton conductivity, high fuel permeability, and poor stability of

Bacterial safety study of the production process of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers

• Axel Steffen,
• Yu Xiong,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Ulrich Kalus and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 114–126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.8

• possible applications for these microparticles. For example, enzyme particles have been produced to be used as microreactors or biosensors [4]. This method can also represent a promising approach to the production of drug carriers by the precipitation of favorable biopolymers and corresponding surface

• known to have an antibacterial effect and it is used as a disinfectant or for cold sterilization of medical instruments in hospitals at higher concentrations [22][23][24]. Glutaraldehyde is also widely used in biochemical applications and as a fixative for electron microscopy [25][26]. EDTA is used in

• the HbMP fabrication process to dissolve the manganese carbonate template to produce pure protein particles. EDTA is widely utilized in medical and biological applications. Because of its chelating properties, it is used as an anticoagulant in blood samples [27]. It has also long been used to

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• morphology [25][26][27][28][29][30]. However, pure SnO2 suffers from some inherent drawbacks that limit its practical applications. With a wide bandgap (3.5–3.7 eV) [31][32], SnO2 can only be excited by UV irradiation. As a typical oxidation photocatalyst with the CB edge energy level, which is not conducive

• [47]. Surface and defect states Structural defects and lattice imperfections usually bestow most of the properties exploited for applications of SnO2 materials as they influence various physicochemical properties and reactions on the surface. Most important are defect states of materials, including

• SnO2, TiO2, and CuInS2 using an automated spray pyrolysis method, which is particularly beneficial for air cleaning applications. This work showed that the surface tension of the material surface directly impacts the photocatalytic activity under humid conditions. Furthermore, introducing CuInS2

Influence of magnetic domain walls on all-optical magnetic toggle switching in a ferrimagnetic GdFe film

• Rahil Hosseinifar,
• Evangelos Golias,
• Ivar Kumberg,
• Quentin Guillet,
• Karl Frischmuth,
• Sangeeta Thakur,
• Mario Fix,
• Manfred Albrecht,
• Florian Kronast and
• Wolfgang Kuch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 74–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.5

• ]. Due to the helicity-dependent absorption of the laser fluence in the sample as a consequence of magnetic circular dichroism and a sharp intensity threshold for toggle switching, this can also lead to helicity-dependent all-optical single-pulse switching [4][19]. Important for applications of all