Sidewall angle tuning in focused electron beam-induced processing

• Sangeetha Hari,
• Willem F. van Dorp,
• Johannes J. L. Mulders,
• Piet H. F. Trompenaars,
• Pieter Kruit and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 447–456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.40

• , revealing successful removal of material, indicated by the observed brightening (see Supporting Information File 1, section S2). A lamella was cut out of this sample as a whole, spanning the entire region from the left of deposit 1 to the right of deposit 10, and imaged in bright-field mode in a Thermo

• bright-field mode in an FEG Tecnai 20 D239 S-Twin TEM using an acceleration voltage of 200 keV and spot 3. The EBID deposit is indicated in (a), and the white arrow shows the approximate position of the electron beam for EBIE. The successful creation of a vertical sidewall is visible in (f). Resulting

Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• bright-field mode. Because of the different nature of TEM micrographs, containing the aggregates of various proportions, up to nine frames were collected from the TEM measurements, and only the best were used for further particle size analyses. A TESCAN VEGA3 LMU system (S/N:VG13841481) was used

Isolation of cubic Si₃P₄ in the form of nanocrystals

• Polina K. Nikiforova,
• Sergei S. Bubenov,
• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Andrey S. Kumskov,
• Nikolay N. Kononov,
• Tatyana A. Kuznetsova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 971–979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.80

• Si3P4 decomposition, sample SP670 as well as the freshly prepared sample SP550 were selected for the TEM studies. A typical TEM bright-field image is shown in Figure 6a. The particles show a profound tendency to agglomerate, not unlike the parent oxidized Si NPs [38]. The agglomeration obstructs size

• . (a) Bright-field TEM image and (b) electron diffraction of the sample SP550. TEM studies of the sample SP550. (a) High-resolution TEM image; (b) HAADF-STEM image; EDX elemental maps for (c) Si Kα, (d) P Kα, and (e) O Kα. The scale bar in images (b–e) is 30 nm. Synthesis conditions and results of X

Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

• Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
• Víctor Oestreicher,
• Martín Mizrahi and
• Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

• Gwyddion software was used for flattening and image correction. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) Transmission electron microscopy was carried out using a JEOL JEM-1010 at 100 kV accelerating voltage and a Tecnai F20 operated at 200 kV. Images were acquired in bright-field mode with an objective

Green SPIONs as a novel highly selective treatment for leishmaniasis: an in vitro study against Leishmania amazonensis intracellular amastigotes

• Brunno R. F. Verçoza,
• Robson R. Bernardo,
• Luiz Augusto S. de Oliveira and
• Juliany C. F. Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.73

• and less toxic to the patient. Thus, the main goal of this study is to evaluate the effects of green SPIONs against Leishmania amazonensis (L. amazonensis) in vitro. Results Uptake of SPIONs by L. amazonensis promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes Bright-field optical microscopy of L. amazonensis

• parasites to one macrophage. After treatment, cells were washed in PBS pH 7.2, fixed, and dehydrated, as described in [9]. Finally, cells were observed using a DM2500 optical microscope (Leica Microsystem, Germany) in bright-field mode. Electron microscopy analysis Control and treated cells were washed in

• (*). Bright-field optical microscopy of L. amazonensis promastigotes (A, B) and intracellular amastigotes (C, D) treated with 100 µg/mL of SPIONs for 24 h, after staining with Prussian blue (A–D). (A) The arrows indicate the blue stain characteristic for the reaction with ferrous compounds in the promastigote

Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk–shell and sepiolite nanomaterials

• Celia Martín-Morales,
• Jorge Fernández-Méndez,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 522–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.43

• bright-field mode were recorded. UV–vis spectroscopic measurements were conducted on a Shimadzu UV-1201 UV–vis spectrophotometer. Macroscopic view of prepared biohybrid materials. (A–C) Sepiolite–biopolymer nanocomposites entrapping cyanobacteria (Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942) in diverse

• matrix incorporating free cyanobacteria and (B) cyanobacteria embedded within yolk–shells microstructures. (C, D) Bright-field images of yeast cells encapsulated as yolk–shell nanostructures. (A, B) Images of the biohybrid prepared from yeast embedded in the silica gel matrix G57-4 obtained recorded with

The origin of black and white coloration of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

• Manuela Rebora,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Silvana Piersanti,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 496–508, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.41

• bright-field microscope ZEISS Axio Observer (Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH). Dry specimens and specimens immersed in oil (immersion oil 518, Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) were observed. Sputter-coated samples (see SEM procedure) were observed using a stereomicroscope under reflected light. Fluorescence

Gap-directed chemical lift-off lithographic nanoarchitectonics for arbitrary sub-micrometer patterning

• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hong-Sheng Chan,
• Chia-Li Liao,
• Che-Wei Chang and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 34–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.4

• ) Schematic illustration of the post lift-off wet etching process. (B) Bright field optical microscope and atomic force microscope topography images (inset) of Au structures fabricated by gap-directed CLL using collapse-free (left) and self-collapsing (middle and right) stamps rendering triangular pillars

Enhanced electronic transport properties of Te roll-like nanostructures

• E. R. Viana,
• N. Cifuentes and
• J. C. González

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1284–1291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.106

• (SEM, FEI Quanta 3D FEG) at an acceleration voltage of 15.0 kV. An EDS system attached to the SEM was employed to analyze the chemical composition. TEM, high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) images, and SAED measurements were carried out in an FEI Tecnai G2-20 S-TWIN operated at 200 kV in a bright-field (BF) TEM

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

• Lingling Xia,
• Qinyue Wang and
• Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

• from Elsevier. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. Bright-field images taken during the confined growth of a branched CuGHG single crystal within a microfluidic device. The crystal is of purple color. Figure 2 was reprinted with permission from [103], Copyright 2020 American Chemical Society

Revealing local structural properties of an atomically thin MoSe₂ surface using optical microscopy

• Lin Pan,
• Peng Miao,
• Anke Horneber,
• Alfred J. Meixner,
• Pierre-Michel Adam and
• Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 572–581, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.49

• CuPc as a Raman probe, because CuPc exhibits a large Raman scattering cross section and an extremely weak photoluminescence signal. A thin film of 5 nm of CuPc was deposited on the triangular MoSe2 flakes through thermal vapor deposition. Figure 1a shows a bright-field optical image of CuPc/MoSe2. From

• pulsed laser as the excitation source. The real size of the MoSe2 flake is indicated by the dashed white triangle. We find that the SHG signal is barely visible at the border of the MoSe2 flake compared to the center of the MoSe2 flake. Furthermore, the bright-field optical image reveals also some small

• pressure of 10−8 mbar, CuPc powder (Sensient Imaging Technologies SA) is evaporated from a resistively heated crucible. The nominal deposition rate (0.2–0.3 nm/min) is monitored by a quartz crystal micro balance. A commercial optical microscope (MX50, Olympus) is used to obtain the bright-field optical

Detection and imaging of Hg(II) in vivo using glutathione-functionalized gold nanoparticles

• Gufeng Li,
• Shaoqing Li,
• Rui Wang,
• Min Yang,
• Lizhu Zhang,
• Yanli Zhang,
• Wenrong Yang and
• Hongbin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 549–559, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.46

• fluorescence, bright-field, and merged-channel fluorescence imaging. (g) Evaluation of cytotoxicity on HeLa cells of GSH-Rh6G2 and GNPs-GSH-Rh6G2 at different concentrations (0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.05 µmol) after incubation for 24 h. Fluorescence intensity of RGCOOH released from GNPs-GSH-Rh6G2 in the

Coordination-assembled myricetin nanoarchitectonics for sustainably scavenging free radicals

• Xiaoyan Ma,
• Haoning Gong,
• Kenji Ogino,
• Xuehai Yan and
• Ruirui Xing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 284–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.23

• combination of MZG nanoparticles and H2O2 (** indicates p < 0.01). (e) CLSM images of 3T3 cells probed by DCFH-DA after incubating with MZG nanoparticles and H2O2 (the first row shows fluorescence images, the second row shows bright-field images, and the third row shows the merged images). Supporting

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle clusters

• Xue Wang,
• Lili Xuan and
• Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

• increasing power densities. In vitro photothermal ablation of A375 cells. (a) Bright-field microscopy showing the health conditions of A375 cells treated with saline or increasing concentrations of NPCs, in the presence or absence of NIR irradiation. Cells were stained with Trypan blue dye to visualize dead

Is the Ne operation of the helium ion microscope suitable for electron backscatter diffraction sample preparation?

• Annalena Wolff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 965–983, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.73

• ) were assessed individually and the results compared. TEM lamellae were prepared for irradiated areas and STEM, dark-field and bright-field measurements as well as TEM SAED measurements were performed to evaluate the crystal structure underneath the irradiated area. The corresponding measurements are

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

• Ido Azuri,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Neta Regev-Rudzki,
• Georg Fantner and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66

• to achieve segmentation without human annotation [104]. In this approach, computer-generated images are used for segmenting true bright-field images by synthesizing colorful segmented images and then overlaying them on the experimental image. In this way, successful segmentation of a wide variety of

• continuous high-speed and blur-free bright-field and two-color fluorescence image acquisition of cells flowing at a rate of 1 m/s [106]. An outstanding CNN for image segmentation is U-Net, developed mainly for biomedical image segmentation [107]. It leads to precise and fast segmentation of images and

• learning and linear programming (an optimization method) for tracking single cells in live-cell imaging of both fluorescent and bright-field images of the cell cytoplasm [112]. Newby et al. developed a CNN for fully automated submicrometer-scale localization of particles such as viruses, proteins, and drug

Fate and transformation of silver nanoparticles in different biological conditions

• Barbara Pem,
• Marija Ćurlin,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Rinea Barbir,
• Vedran Micek,
• Raluca M. Fratila,
• Jesus M. de la Fuente and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 665–679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.53

• (902A; Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany) operated in bright-field mode with an acceleration voltage of 80 kV, while a Canon PowerShot S50 camera was used to capture the images. The sample preparation for TEM involved the deposition of a drop of the AgNP suspension onto a Formvar®-coated copper grid

• diamond knife (Ultra 45; Diatome, Biel, Switzerland), they were contrasted using uranyl acetate and lead citrate. The TEM images were made in a microscope (902A; Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany) operating in bright-field mode with an acceleration voltage of 80 kV and a Canon PowerShot S50 camera was

The nanomorphology of cell surfaces of adhered osteoblasts

• Christian Voelkner,
• Mirco Wendt,
• Regina Lange,
• Max Ulbrich,
• Martina Gruening,
• Susanne Staehlke,
• Barbara Nebe,
• Ingo Barke and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 242–256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.20

• flexible. Figure 2a shows an example of a typical SICM topography of the border region in the live state (see Figure 2b for the corresponding bright-field microscopy image). Features with lateral dimensions of approximately 1 µm × 0.8 µm protruding 100–300 nm from the surrounding (Figure 2c), at a density

• excess surface as a function of the adhesion area of the whole cell, Arel,exc(Aadh). The total adhesion area Aadh was determined via bright-field microscopy images. Relative excess surfaces between 5% and 60% were found assessing ca. 40 cells. Although the data is substantially scattered, we can observe

• Pro. Bright-field microscopy was carried out with an inverted microscope (Nikon ECLIPSE Ti-U, Japan) from below through the glass slide. Since the lateral SICM frame sizes are rather small, an optical overview image was taken from below in order to place the nanoprobe at the selected position from top

Scanning transmission helium ion microscopy on carbon nanomembranes

• Daniel Emmrich,
• Annalena Wolff,
• Nikolaus Meyerbröker,
• Jörg K. N. Lindner,
• André Beyer and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 222–231, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.18

• transmission signal can be achieved in different ways. In a SE conversion plate holder, the sample is placed above a polished metal plate that is turned towards the SE detector of the microscope. Transmitted ions release SE from the plate while apertures on the polished metal plate filter bright-field and dark

• [18], Hall measured the thickness of a silicon nitride membrane down to 5 nm using the bright-field signal [19]. A different detection method is the use of a microchannel plate (MCP). Woehl et al. were able to resolve the core–shell structure of silica-coated gold nanoparticles with an annular

Bio-imaging with the helium-ion microscope: A review

• Matthias Schmidt,
• James M. Byrne and
• Ilari J. Maasilta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.1

• . If a segmented detector with a central segment and ring segments was used, it would be even possible to distinguish between absorption contrast (bright-field imaging) and scatter-contrast (dark-field imaging). Compared to other imaging modes in the HIM, it can be anticipated that THIM will be the

Free and partially encapsulated manganese ferrite nanoparticles in multiwall carbon nanotubes

• Saja Al-Khabouri,
• Salim Al-Harthi,
• Toru Maekawa,
• Mohamed E. Elzain,
• Ashraf Al-Hinai,
• Ahmed D. Al-Rawas,
• Abbsher M. Gismelseed,
• Ali A. Yousif and
• Myo Tay Zar Myint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1891–1904, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.170

• ) bright-field and dark-field images were acquired at 80 kV. MnFe2O4 nanoparticles and MnFe2O4/MWCNTs samples were dispersed in absolute ethanol and sonicated for 15 min to obtain a homogenous dispersion. Then, the supernatant was micropipetted onto a TEM grid and dried at room temperature (approx. 300 K

• of free MnFe2O4 nanoparticles at 300, 77, and 4 K. The inset shows as enlarged view of M–H loops. (b) Magnetization measurements under ZFC and FC conditions in an applied magnetic field of 50 Oe. (a) Dark-field STEM image. (b) Bright-field STEM image. (c) Annular dark-field image. EDS mapping of (d

Scanning transmission imaging in the helium ion microscope using a microchannel plate with a delay line detector

• Eduardo Serralta,
• Nico Klingner,
• Olivier De Castro,
• Michael Mousley,
• Santhana Eswara,
• Serge Duarte Pinto,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Gregor Hlawacek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1854–1864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.167

• the sample with the position (scattering angle) and time of the transmission events. Various imaging modes, such as bright field and dark field or the direct image of the transmitted signal, can be created by post-processing the collected STIM data. Furthermore, the detector has high spatial and

• also detect channeling-related contrast on polycrystalline silicon, thallium chloride nanocrystals, and single-crystalline silicon by comparing the signal transmitted at different directions for the same data set. Keywords: bright-field; channeling; dark-field; delay line detector; helium ion

• bottom surface. This type of SEs was already used as an imaging signal [15]. More commonly, transmission imaging signals depend on the particles that pass through the sample and on how they are scattered. In bright-field (BF) mode, the image is produced by mapping the part of the beam that has suffered

One-step synthesis of carbon-supported electrocatalysts

• Sebastian Tigges,
• Nicolas Wöhrl,
• Ivan Radev,
• Ulrich Hagemann,
• Markus Heidelmann,
• Thai Binh Nguyen,
• Stanislav Gorelkov,
• Stephan Schulz and
• Axel Lorke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1419–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.126

• illustrated in Figure 1. For details on the experimental procedures, see the Experimental section. A typical CNW sheet of a sample processed at 8 Pa chamber pressure, 60 sccm argon carrier gas flow rate, and 350 °C substrate temperature is shown in a bright-field transmission electron microscope (TEM

• confirm that the black dots in the bright field micrographs are indeed Pt-NPs. The co-deposition of platinum and carbon during the PE-CVD process guarantees a homogeneous distribution of the Pt-NPs in the C matrix. Even though the exact position of the Pt-NPs is difficult to determine by projective

• occurs. a) Bright-field TEM micrograph of a typical Pt/CNW sheet, showing homogeneously distributed Pt-NPs (black dots). b) A dark-field TEM micrograph of a porous CNW. c) Histogram of the PSD of Pt-NPs, proving a narrow PSD with a geometric standard deviation of 1.24 and a small mean particle diameter

Magnetic-field-assisted synthesis of anisotropic iron oxide particles: Effect of pH

• Andrey V. Shibaev,
• Petr V. Shvets,
• Darya E. Kessel,
• Roman A. Kamyshinsky,
• Anton S. Orekhov,
• Sergey S. Abramchuk,
• Alexei R. Khokhlov and
• Olga E. Philippova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1230–1241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.107

• at 300 kV in the STEM bright-field mode. The details regarding the HRTEM equipment and the experimental techniques used were described elsewhere [58][59]. Image processing was performed using the Digital Micrograph (Gatan, USA) and TIA (FEI, USA) software. Image processing The electron micrographs

Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

• Nonappa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42

• –Alexa 594 and nuclear dye SYTO 59; scale bar: 25 μm. B) Schematics showing the etching method to prepare luminescent AuNCs and their conjugation with streptavidin. C) (a) Fluorescence, (b) bright-field, (c) and overlay of fluorescent and bright-field images of human hepatoma (HepG2) cells stained with

• (d, e) electron tomography of the AuNCF superstructure. D) Photographs under ambient light (top) and UV light (bottom) with varying concentrations of SnCl2 added to Au-GSH NCs. E) Confocal microscopy images of NIH3T3 cell lines incubated with AuNCFs for 1 day (a) bright-field image, (b) confocal