Piezoelectric sensor based on graphene-doped PVDF nanofibers for sign language translation

• Shuai Yang,
• Xiaojing Cui,
• Rui Guo,
• Zhiyi Zhang,
• Shengbo Sang and
• Hulin Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1655–1662, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.148

• a high sensitivity to pressing and bending, and there is a stable correlation between bending angle and piezoelectric voltage. The sensitivity can be adjusted by changing the doping concentration of GR. Also, when the PES contacts a source of heat, a pyroelectric signal can be acquired. The positive

Amorphized length and variability in phase-change memory line cells

• Nafisa Noor,
• Sadid Muneer,
• Raihan Sayeed Khan,
• Anna Gorbenko and
• Helena Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1644–1654, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.147

• capped by silicon nitride [24]. All cells were approx. 130 nm in width, WGST, approx. 470 nm in length between the metal contacts, LGST, and approx. 50 nm in thickness, tGST (SEM image in inset of Figure 2a). The as-fabricated cells were annealed in a Janis ST-500-UHT probe station at a pressure of

Selective detection of complex gas mixtures using point contacts: concept, method and tools

• Alexander P. Pospelov,
• Victor I. Belan,
• Dmytro O. Harbuz,
• Volodymyr L. Vakula,
• Lyudmila V. Kamarchuk,
• Yuliya V. Volkova and
• Gennadii V. Kamarchuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1631–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.146

• unique properties of Yanson point contacts used as the sensing elements. The quantum properties of Yanson point contacts enable the solution of some of the problems that could not be solved using conventional sensors measuring conductance. In the present paper, we demonstrate this by showing the

• ; cortisol; hormone detection; point contact; quantum sensor; selective detection; serotonin; Yanson point contacts; Introduction The functioning of devices comprising low-dimensional structures as basic elements depends on quantum effects, which play a crucial role in the unique properties of nanomaterials

• point contacts as the basic element of quantum sensor devices [3][4]. Of all modern nanosensors measuring a variation in electrical conductance, point-contact sensors have a number of unique properties. The nontrivial nature of point-contact sensors is based on the distinctive properties of the Yanson

High-responsivity hybrid α-Ag₂S/Si photodetector prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid

• Raid A. Ismail,
• Hanan A. Rawdhan and
• Duha S. Ahmed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.142

• investigate the optoelectronic properties of the Ag2S/Si photodetector, ohmic contacts were made by thermally evaporating In and Al films on the nanostructured Ag2S film and the back side of the silicon substrate, respectively, as shown in Figure 2. The sensitive area of the planar photodetector was 1.5 cm2

Atomic defect classification of the H–Si(100) surface through multi-mode scanning probe microscopy

• Jeremiah Croshaw,
• Thomas Dienel,
• Taleana Huff and
• Robert Wolkow

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1346–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.119

• hydrogen-desorbed patch of silicon [43][92]. Bright contrast, H-functionalised AFM tips were routinely formed with controlled contact on H-terminated portions of the surface, while bare silicon AFM tips were formed using only desorbed patches (although not all controlled contacts on a desorbed patch

Controlling the proximity effect in a Co/Nb multilayer: the properties of electronic transport

• Sergey Bakurskiy,
• Mikhail Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Igor Soloviev,
• Andrey Schegolev,
• Roman Morari,
• Yury Khaydukov and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1336–1345, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.118

• transport measurements was etched under pure argon atmosphere (Ar+ milling) in a CRYO RIE Alba Nova machine (Stockholm University). The patterned design allowed for a four-point type measurement of six segments of the sample in one cooling cycle (Figure 4). The pair of contacts was applied for setting the

• the vicinity of T = 7.3 K is similar to the behavior of R(T) in the S/N and S/F contacts upon the conversion of the current from normal to a supercurrent. Furthermore, there are several resistance jumps in the temperature region around T = 6.7 K. The actual number of jumps changes for different

Effect of localized helium ion irradiation on the performance of synthetic monolayer MoS₂ field-effect transistors

• Jakub Jadwiszczak,
• Pierce Maguire,
• Conor P. Cullen,
• Georg S. Duesberg and
• Hongzhou Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1329–1335, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.117

• , we find that irradiating the electrode–channel interface has a deleterious impact on charge transport when contrasted with irradiations confined only to the transistor channel. Keywords: 2D materials; contacts; defect engineering; helium ion microscope; ion beam doping; vacancies; two-dimensional

Proximity effect in [Nb(1.5 nm)/Fe(x)]₁₀/Nb(50 nm) superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures

• Yury Khaydukov,
• Sabine Pütter,
• Laura Guasco,
• Roman Morari,
• Gideok Kim,
• Thomas Keller,
• Anatolie Sidorenko and
• Bernhard Keimer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1254–1263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.109

• allows us to exclude these cases. To discuss this effect we first need to pay attention to the peculiarities of our transport experiment. Since the contacts are attached to the surface, electrical current will tend to flow along the surface penetrating only to a certain depth λ. To calculate λ one needs

3D superconducting hollow nanowires with tailored diameters grown by focused He⁺ beam direct writing

• Rosa Córdoba,
• Alfonso Ibarra,
• Dominique Mailly,
• Isabel Guillamón,
• Hermann Suderow and
• José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1198–1206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.104

• transport study using the typical four-point-probe configuration has been performed. Following the procedure described in [17], first 3D NWs were placed flat on the SiO2 layer of a Si/SiO2 substrate by means of a nano-manipulator. Then, four Pt FIBID contacts were grown to connect the NWs to pre-patterned

Hybridization vs decoupling: influence of an h-BN interlayer on the physical properties of a lander-type molecule on Ni(111)

• Maximilian Schaal,
• Takumi Aihara,
• Marco Gruenewald,
• Felix Otto,
• Jari Domke,
• Roman Forker,
• Hiroyuki Yoshida and
• Torsten Fritz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1168–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.101

• n-type contact for future molecular electronic devices. Keywords: buried interface; decoupling; hexagonal boron nitride; hybridization; tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene (DBP); two-dimensional materials; Introduction The interfaces between organic molecules and metal contacts play a crucial role in

Excitonic and electronic transitions in Me–Sb₂Se₃ structures

• Nicolae N. Syrbu,
• Victor V. Zalamai,
• Ivan G. Stamov and
• Stepan I. Beril

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1045–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.89

• Brillouin zone center. The effective mass of the electrons and holes was calculated as well as the anisotropy of the latter. The photoconductivity measurements were performed in the excitonic region at positive and negative voltages applied to the Me–Sb2Se3 contacts. A similar investigation using the Sb2S3

• (In–Sb2Se3) contacts, the structures were obtained by either thermal sputtering under vacuum or electrochemical deposition onto the cleaved faces of single crystals (Figure 3A). Current–voltage characteristics suggest that the contacts have an ohmic behavior. The impedance has a frequency dependence

• that is characteristic of the conductivity hopping mechanism which in turn is independent of the metal type and the deposition method used. The photocurrent increases when the energy of the photons increases in the Schottky barriers when the transparent contacts are illuminated. The structures with the

A new photodetector structure based on graphene nanomeshes: an ab initio study

• Babak Sakkaki,
• Hassan Rasooli Saghai,
• Ghafar Darvish and
• Mehdi Khatir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1036–1044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.88

• of the same GNR type. Also, we consider the electrodes have n-type doping. The left- and the right-hand edge of the electrodes are shown in the figure with black lines. Figure 1e shows a typical GNM-based device where nanomesh channel with graphene contacts are introduced to be used in our

• simulations. We assumed a finite GNM length between the two contacts. The channel of the photodetector has three GNM supercells along the transport direction (X direction), while in the perpendicular direction the channel length is defined to be infinite. To compare the designed devices with other

• (c) A4Z6-24. Purple (larger) and yellow (smaller) spheres represent carbon and hydrogen atoms, respectively. Quadrilaterals with black lines represent the supercells of GNM. (d) A photodetector device made of GNRs with two source and drain contacts. The contacts are made of doped GNRs and the channel

Gas-sensing features of nanostructured tellurium thin films

• Dumitru Tsiulyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1010–1018, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.85

• , identified in our preliminary works as ohmics [25][26], which form electrically transparent contacts with Te. The gold or copper wires were then attached to the electrodes with a silver paste. Figure 1A shows the surface morphology of a Te film grown on a Pyrex glass substrate at a rate of 10 nm/s. As shown

• with an approximate average size of 100 nm. Assuming the neutrality of the Au/Te contacts, the electrical conductivity of the film is mainly controlled by the bulk, surface and grain boundary resistances. On the other hand, due to the peculiarities of chalcogens and chalcogenide materials [1][30], a

Electrochemical nanostructuring of (111) oriented GaAs crystals: from porous structures to nanowires

• Elena I. Monaico,
• Eduard V. Monaico,
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki,
• Shashank Honnali,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Karin Leistner,
• Kornelius Nielsch and
• Ion M. Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 966–975, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.81

• photodetector for the IR region of the spectrum was tested, as described in the Experimental section. A special design of contacts was applied via laser beam lithography on selected nanowires. As illustrated in Figure 7A, defined regions (bright regions) were opened in the photoresist (dark regions) for further

• metal deposition. Note that the nanowire was visible in the optical microscope due to its length of 70 µm, despite the small diameter. The distance between the contacts is 20 µm. A photograph of five contacted nanowires on a glass substrate after Cr/Au deposition and lift-off is presented in the inset

• light. The current–voltage characteristics measured with and without illumination reveal a good ohmic quality of the prepared Cr/Au contacts (Figure 8). Therefore, one can conclude that the detector works in the photoconductor mode. The responsivity of the detector is defined as where Iphoto is the

Band tail state related photoluminescence and photoresponse of ZnMgO solid solution nanostructured films

• Vadim Morari,
• Aida Pantazi,
• Nicolai Curmei,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Emil V. Rusu,
• Marius Enachescu,
• Ion M. Tiginyanu and
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 899–910, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.75

• large band tails with both the incident and scattered photons in the Zn0.60Mg0.40O sample. The prepared ZnMgO thin films were tested for photodetector applications in the metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) design configuration with coplanar metal Pd contacts in our previous paper [29]. The films

Simulations of the 2D self-assembly of tripod-shaped building blocks

• Łukasz Baran,
• Wojciech Rżysko and
• Edyta Słyk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 884–890, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.73

• these chemical reactions are impossible to be performed in bulk. This is mainly because the substrate reduces the number of rotational and translational degrees of freedom of the admolecules. As a consequence, intermolecular contacts occur that stabilize the interactions between the particles. To

Quantitative determination of the interaction potential between two surfaces using frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy

• Nicholas Chan,
• Carrie Lin,
• Tevis Jacobs,
• Robert W. Carpick and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 729–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.60

• . It also determines interfacial properties, such as adhesion and friction, and is a key input into mechanics models and atomistic simulations of contacts. We have developed a novel methodology to experimentally determine interaction potential parameters, given a particular potential form, using

• mechanics models [22][23][24][25] to allow better visualization of surface interactions. While useful insights can be obtained using fully atomistic simulations, such as molecular dynamics simulations or density functional theory, these techniques are impractical for describing larger contacts with a large

• contacts beyond those based on LJ potentials are necessary for improving the fidelity of such models and thus for a better understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms that occur when asperities come into contact. First, our methodology can serve to deconvolve material pair potential parameters from

Structural optical and electrical properties of a transparent conductive ITO/Al–Ag/ITO multilayer contact

• Aliyu Kabiru Isiyaku,
• Ahmad Hadi Ali and
• Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 695–702, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.57

• conducting oxides (TCO) thin films have been receiving much attention regarding their use as contacts in several optoelectronic devices such as LEDs [1], solar cells [2] and flat panel displays [3]. Indium tin oxide (ITO) is the most commonly used TCO for industrial and laboratory applications due to its

• transmittance (compared to other metals) in the visible region of Ag thin films at room temperature led to the wide use of Ag layers in ITO multilayer contacts [21][22][23][24]. However, Ag thin films agglomerate upon annealing due to low adhesion, which degrades the quality of the films [25]. This issue can be

Effect of substitutional defects on resonant tunneling diodes based on armchair graphene and boron nitride nanoribbons lateral heterojunctions

• Majid Sanaeepur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 688–694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.56

• connected to semi-infinite AGNR contacts at both sides. The energy band edge diagram of the proposed RTD along with the quantized energy level of the well are shown in Figure 1b. Due to small lattice mismatch between graphene and hBN the edge bond relaxation correction for carbon atoms at the interface of C

• the semi-infinite contacts. The self-energy matrices are calculated through a highly convergent recursive method [39]. Then the transmission as a function of the energy is obtained via [39]: in which Ga(E) = (Gr(E))† is the advanced Green's function and Γj (j = 1, 2), represent the level broadening

• due to the coupling between device and contacts: Finally, the current through the device is calculated via [38]: in which q is the electron charge, f(E) is the Fermi–Dirac distribution function at the contacts and V is the bias voltage. The Fermi level at both contacts is assumed to be 0.03 eV above

Electromigration-induced directional steps towards the formation of single atomic Ag contacts

• Atasi Chatterjee,
• Christoph Tegenkamp and
• Herbert Pfnür

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 680–687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.55

• structures and at grain boundaries. Nevertheless, we showed recently that it can be used reliably for the formation of single atomic point contacts after careful pre-structuring of the initial Ag nanostructures. The process of formation of nanocontacts by EM down to a single-atom point contact was

• constrictions of around 150 nm having multiple grains at the centre constriction prior to the formation of a point contact. Even though clear morphological differences exist between both types of structures, quantized conductance plateaus showing the formation of single point contacts have been observed for

• shell effects, can be discriminated. Although the directional motion of atoms during EM leads to specific properties such as the instabilities mentioned, similarities to mechanically opened contacts with respect to cross-sectional stability were found. Keywords: electromigration; focussed ion beam

Current measurements in the intermittent-contact mode of atomic force microscopy using the Fourier method: a feasibility analysis

• Berkin Uluutku and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 453–465, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.37

• stem from the dynamics and mechanics of an intermittent-contact operation. Besides the fact that electrical contacts would be intermittent, the nature of the contact would also be time-dependent within the contact time. This is because the indentation is constantly varying. Furthermore, the

Implementation of data-cube pump–probe KPFM on organic solar cells

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Olivier Bardagot and
• Renaud Demadrille

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 323–337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.24

• oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrate. The sample was electrically connected to the AWG by mounting the HOPG substrate onto a sample holder designed with in situ electrical contacts. The pump signal generated by the AWG was transmitted through a coaxial cable (air side) connected to a twisted pair

Nonequilibrium Kondo effect in a graphene-coupled quantum dot in the presence of a magnetic field

• Levente Máthé and
• Ioan Grosu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 225–239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.17

• Anderson model to a single QD with metallic contacts [12][15][16][19][31], which has been confirmed by experimental measurements [23][24][55]. This effect is more complicated in a multi-QD system (like a T-shaped double-QD system) with metallic leads due to the presence of multi-electron transport channels

• fulfilled for the graphene contacts. In addition, the thermoelectric transport properties of a noninteracting QD coupled to pure and gapped graphene electrodes have been analyzed based on the Hartree–Fock approximation by the EOM technique [40]. A significant enhancement of the figure of merit was reported

• related to the coupling strength of the graphene contacts to the QD (see subsection Current formulas). Here, we consider that the graphene monolayer electrodes are arranged in an armchair configuration (see Figure 1). The distance in real space between the QD and sites of graphene sublattices A and B are

Size effects of graphene nanoplatelets on the properties of high-density polyethylene nanocomposites: morphological, thermal, electrical, and mechanical characterization

• Tuba Evgin,
• Alpaslan Turgut,
• Georges Hamaoui,
• Zdenko Spitalsky,
• Nicolas Horny,
• Matej Micusik,
• Mihai Chirtoc,
• Mehmet Sarikanat and
• Maria Omastova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 167–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.14

• conductivity was dependent on the frequency. The first part was linked to the transfer of charge carriers by direct contacts between the GnP filler, while the second part reflected the conductivity due to hopping and tunneling of electrons between adjacent particles [26]. It was apparent that the critical

Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides

• Ivana Ruseska and
• Andreas Zimmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 101–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.10

• lead to the internalization of peptides. The role of glycosaminoglycans in the initial contacts of CPPs and cells and in the initiation of internalization has been a part of several reviews so far [3][27][28][68][69]. The extensive research done on arginine-rich peptides, especially octa-arginine (R8