Unveiling the nature of atomic defects in graphene on a metal surface

• Karl Rothe,
• Nicolas Néel and
• Jörg Kröger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 416–425, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.37

• STS and AFM results presented here essentially exclude a monatomic vacancy site. Spectra of dI/dV recorded atop defect-free graphene and above defect 2 are almost identical (Figure 1e), while AFM topographs show an undistorted graphene lattice (Figure 2c). A tentative rationale is then the presence of

Determining by Raman spectroscopy the average thickness and N-layer-specific surface coverages of MoS₂ thin films with domains much smaller than the laser spot size

• Felipe Wasem Klein,
• Jean-Roch Huntzinger,
• Vincent Astié,
• Damien Voiry,
• Romain Parret,
• Houssine Makhlouf,
• Sandrine Juillaguet,
• Jean-Manuel Decams,
• Sylvie Contreras,
• Périne Landois,
• Ahmed-Azmi Zahab,
• Jean-Louis Sauvajol and
• Matthieu Paillet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 279–296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.26

• symmetry for a monolayer (A1g for bulk). These modes are located around 385 and 405 cm−1, respectively, in neutral and defect-free MoS2 monolayers [33][34]. More precisely, in MoS2 multilayers, the symmetries of these phonon modes are E′ and A′1 for an odd number of layers, and Eg and A1g for an even

Density functional theory study of Au-fcc/Ge and Au-hcp/Ge interfaces

• Olga Sikora,
• Małgorzata Sternik,
• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Franciszek Krok,
• Przemysław Piekarz and
• Andrzej M. Oleś

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1093–1105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.90

• optimized supercell shown in Figure 9d, the interface energy is slightly higher (0.395 J/m2) than that of the defect-free junction. We also tested another type of defects (Au vacancies). To construct the supercell, we first found the position of slabs with the smallest possible Au–Ge distances (two such

• this heterostructure. Electronic structure Here we discuss electronic properties of the optimized defect-free Au/Ge interface structures investigated in the previous section, that is, the variants C and D of the Au-fcc(011)/Ge(001) interface and the Au-hcp(010)/Ge(111) heterostructure shown in Figure

• pairs per interface can be found) and removed the Au atoms from these bonds. The optimized lattice preserves the hexagonal arrangement; however, the interface energy is significantly higher than in the other considered hcp variants (0.514 J/m2). Figure 9e shows the experimental picture and the defect

Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives

• Mattia da Lisca,
• José Alvarez,
• James P. Connolly,
• Nicolas Vaissiere,
• Karim Mekhazni,
• Jean Decobert and
• Jean-Paul Kleider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 725–737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.59

• by the presence of surface defects. We conclude that the presence of surface defects can explain the overall experimental VCPD variation along the structure that is less pronounced than in the simulated ideal case of a defect-free surface, as described in the Results section (“KPFM cross-sectional

Induced electric conductivity in organic polymers

• Konstantin Y. Arutyunov,
• Anatoli S. Gurski,
• Vladimir V. Artemov,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Azat R. Yusupov,
• Danfis D. Karamov and
• Alexei N. Lachinov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1551–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.128

• films can be obtained by centrifugation from a solution in cyclohexanone on a metal surface with a thickness from several nanometers up to micrometers. High homogeneity and defect-free surfaces on nanoscopic scales have been repeatedly confirmed by various methods, including scanning tunneling and

Near-infrared photoactive Ag-Zn-Ga-S-Se quantum dots for high-performance quantum dot-sensitized solar cells

• Roopakala Kottayi,
• Ilangovan Veerappan and
• Ramadasse Sittaramane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1337–1344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.110

• . This confirms that the QDS can serve as effective sensitizers. The PL emission spectrum of AZGSSe QDs (Figure 4c) was recorded at an excitation wavelength of 295 nm. In this spectrum, a single emission peak is detected at 830 to 880 nm range with a FWHM of 20 nm. This signifies defect-free crystals [31

Theoretical investigations of oxygen vacancy effects in nickel-doped zirconia from ab initio XANES spectroscopy at the oxygen K-edge

• Dick Hartmann Douma,
• Lodvert Tchibota Poaty,
• Alessio Lamperti,
• Stéphane Kenmoe,
• Abdulrafiu Tunde Raji,
• Alberto Debernardi and
• Bernard M’Passi-Mabiala

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 975–985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.85

• octahedral and trigonal bipyramidal geometries, respectively (Figure 2e,f). We present XANES spectra for defect-free zirconia, that is, without Ni dopant (x = 0 atom %), and the doped structures S0, S1, and S2 in Figure 3a. In the case of defect-free zirconia, the XANES spectrum is needed only for one oxygen

Efficient liquid exfoliation of KP₁₅ nanowires aided by Hansen's empirical theory

• Zhaoxuan Huang,
• Zhikang Jiang,
• Nan Tian,
• Disheng Yao,
• Fei Long,
• Yanhan Yang and
• Danmin Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 788–795, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.69

• Abstract The KP15 nanowires with one-dimensional properties has a defect-free surface, high anisotropy, and carrier mobility which is desirable for the development of novel nanodevices. However, the preparation of nanoscale KP15 is still inefficient. In this work, the Hansen solubility parameters of KP15

• weak interaction between these chains [3][4]. Therefore, those 1D materials have defect-free surfaces, high anisotropy, and carrier mobility. For example, TiS3 nanowires obtained by mechanical stripping have a large carrier mobility of about 10000 cm2·V−1·s−1 [5][6][7]. Fibrous phosphorus is also a new

• mobility (1000 cm2·V−1·s−1), and highly anisotropic properties [11]. The photodetectors prepared with KP15 have a fast response time and are ideal materials for photovoltaic applications [12]. Based on our previous studies, KP15 is also a one-dimensional material with a defect-free surface [13][14]. This

Experimental and theoretical study of field-dependent spin splitting at ferromagnetic insulator–superconductor interfaces

• Peter Machon,
• Michael J. Wolf,
• Detlef Beckmann and
• Wolfgang Belzig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 682–688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.60

• , indicating a defect-free tunnel barrier. Spin splitting of the density of states is clearly visible. The observed splitting greatly exceeds the expected splitting due to the Zeeman energy εZ = μBB (which is about 35 μeV at B = 0.6 T). The solid lines in Figure 5a are fits with our model. We have included

Interfacial nanoarchitectonics for ZIF-8 membranes with enhanced gas separation

• Season S. Chen,
• Zhen-Jie Yang,
• Chia-Hao Chang,
• Hoong-Uei Koh,
• Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi,
• Kuo-Lun Tung and
• Kevin C.-W. Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.26

• , the interfacial synthesis method confines the coordination of the MOF to the solvent interface, which ensures good control over MOF nucleation and growth processes [37][38]. Consequently, it is a promising approach to synthesize a defect-free MOF film. In comparison, the counter-diffusion method

• separation performance with the best ZIF-8 membranes supported on α-Al2O3 disks reported in literature. These results indicated the reliability and high performance of defect-free ZIF-8 membranes synthesized via the interfacial synthesis method developed in this work. Moreover, the interfacial synthesis

• continuous membranes. By mediating the organic linker concentration, defect-free ZIF-8 membranes were obtained. The 2-methylimidazole concentration was then sufficient to react with the Zn ions, but not too high to cause an overly high diffusion rate and the consumption of all Zn ions at the initial

Piezoelectric nanogenerator for bio-mechanical strain measurement

• Zafar Javed,
• Lybah Rafiq,
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer,
• Saqib Siddiqui,
• Muhammad Babar Ramzan,
• Muhammad Qamar Khan and
• Muhammad Salman Naeem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 192–200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.14

• diffraction analyses were used to study the morphology and to confirm the beta phase in fibers. The results reveal that the nanofibers made from solutions with high concentration were smooth and defect-free, compared to the fibers obtained from solutions with low concentration, and possess high crystallinity

• than the nanofibers obtained from 14 wt % solution (Figure 2B) due to incomplete solvent evaporation. The optimum polymer solution concentration is essential to obtain defect-free smooth fibers [14][37]. The nanofibers obtained from 16 wt % solution were smooth and presented a bead-free morphology

• capacity [37]. Digital oscilloscope analysis The nanofibrous mesh made from the 16 wt % solution was selected for developing the sensor (Figure 4F). These nanofibers have a smooth and defect-free morphology with highly crystalline regions, which indicate the complete evaporation of the solvent and the

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• with the solvent and a high solubility in the solvents is not the sole factor for obtaining smooth defect-free fibers. Instead, it is both solubility and electrospinnability. They obtained broader fibers with the increase of the solvent viscosity, which directly affects the final solution viscosity

Interface interaction of transition metal phthalocyanines with strontium titanate (100)

• Reimer Karstens,
• Thomas Chassé and
• Heiko Peisert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 485–496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.39

• components (e.g., in N 1s spectra) for the TMPcs on STO(100) may point to a comparably defect-free surface. The cleavage of some intramolecular C–F bonds of TMPcF16 was observed at both STO(100) and defect-rich rutile surfaces. Since not all C–F bonds are broken, this reaction occurs only at particular sites

The influence of an interfacial hBN layer on the fluorescence of an organic molecule

• Christine Brülke,
• Oliver Bauer and
• Moritz M. Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1663–1684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.149

• experiment. We observed by light microscopy that Ag(100) samples that had been prepared in a similar manner as the Cu(111) surface used here and that yielded a high-quality LEED pattern indicating the presence of long-range ordered and large, defect-free terraces, actually show variations in their surface

PTCDA adsorption on CaF₂ thin films

• Philipp Rahe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1615–1622, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.144

• images. These positions are marked by solid white circles and arrows in Figure 3f, while stationary molecules are marked by white dashed circles in both panels. Defects are imaged in STM as black depressions although they are of atomic size [27]. In contrast, the CaF2 surfaces are mostly defect-free. The

• rationalised by nucleation at defects present within the CaF1 interface layer. In contrast, the CaF2/CaF1 layer is mostly defect-free. A statistical analysis revealed a preferred molecular orientation of the long molecular axis along a CaF2 direction, in full agreement with the DFT-calculated optimum

Self-assembly and spectroscopic fingerprints of photoactive pyrenyl tectons on hBN/Cu(111)

• Domenik M. Zimmermann,
• Knud Seufert,
• Luka Ðorđević,
• Tobias Hoh,
• Sushobhan Joshi,
• Tomas Marangoni,
• Davide Bonifazi and
• Willi Auwärter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1470–1483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.130

• , being prochiral, becomes chiral upon surface adsorption [61][77][78], and two stereoisomers can equally be formed on the surface. Each enantiomer segregates into homochiral domains (α and α‘, see Figure 3 and Figure S6, Supporting Information File 1). The lateral extension of the regular, defect-free

Atomic defect classification of the H–Si(100) surface through multi-mode scanning probe microscopy

• Jeremiah Croshaw,
• Thomas Dienel,
• Taleana Huff and
• Robert Wolkow

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1346–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.119

• large, defect free areas [20] – has each surface Si atom in a dimer bonded to one hydrogen atom (Figure 1a,b). The 1 × 1 phase is characterized by the absence of dimer bonds, with each surface Si atom instead saturated by 2 hydrogen atoms, forming silicon dihydrides (H2-Si). The 3 × 1 phase is a

• functionalization of the probe tip. Figure 1 showcases the imaging modes employed in this work as applied to the defect-free H–Si(100)-2 × 1 surface (see Methods for details about the sample preparation). In the well-known STM topographies probing empty and filled states in Figure 1c and 1d, respectively, the dimer

• , H-apex AFM, and Si-apex AFM images of the defect free H–Si(100)-2 × 1 surface using the probe particle model [23][24] can be found in Supporting Information File 1, Figures S5, S6, and S7, respectively. Similar to how a change in tip functionalization can change the observed contrast (Supporting

Effect of substitutional defects on resonant tunneling diodes based on armchair graphene and boron nitride nanoribbons lateral heterojunctions

• Majid Sanaeepur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 688–694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.56

• illustrated in Figure 6a. Nevertheless, a CB defect in the right barrier lowers the conduction band edge and consequently the barrier height. Therefore, the transmission probabilities over the right barrier at all energies are increased compared to a defect-free RTD (red curve in Figure 6b). The NC defect in

• the right spacer also lowers the conduction band edge. This creates a local quantum well in the right spacer region, which, by localizing electron wave functions, reduces the transmission coefficients (yellow curve in Figure 6b). This causes Ip to decrease compared to a defect-free structure. Figure 7

• compares the current–voltage characteristic of RTDs including BC and CN defects at the interface between the left barrier and the left spacer with that of a defect-free RTD. If there is no defect in the left spacer, by increasing the bias voltage a quantum well is formed in this region, which localizes

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• CNTs ruptured upon laser light irradiation [115]. The introduction of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets with PDDA as multilayers caused the migration and rearrangement of chains compared to PDDA/PAA multilayers [116]. The PDDA/GO multilayers showed improved resistance to damage and maintained a defect

• -free surface even after several post treatments with NaClO/NaOH/HCl solutions. It is worth noting that GO/PAH multilayer microcapsules showed a unique permeability when compared to conventional capsules and provide the option to encapsulate multiple drugs by simple incubation (Figure 6a) [117]. Notably

Formation of nanoripples on ZnO flat substrates and nanorods by gas cluster ion bombardment

• Xiaomei Zeng,
• Vasiliy Pelenovich,
• Bin Xing,
• Rakhim Rakhimov,
• Wenbin Zuo,
• Alexander Tolstogouzov,
• Chuansheng Liu,
• Dejun Fu and
• Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 383–390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.29

• al. predicting a remarkably defect-free ripple formation on the plane surface by ion bombardment of a binary material should also be noted [10]. In this theory, the composition change of the surface layer by the ion bombardment is discussed and a defect-free ripple formation of an elemental material

• becomes impossible from this point of view. In our experiment we also use binary materials and a defect-free ripple formation is observed, but only for nanorods. However, here, the scenario described in [10] seems unlikely due to a very low energy per atom in the cluster (a few electronvolts) and a

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

• Debasis Ghosh,
• Lakshmi P. Datta and
• Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

• compared to ssDNA. The selection of the correct base pairing sequence and order enabled the assembly of DNA with balanced rigidity and flexibility within the nanomaterial systems. The maintenance of an exact stoichiometry and long annealing period were the major criteria to achieve defect-free

Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

• Maximilian Wassner,
• Markus Eckardt,
• Andreas Reyer,
• Thomas Diemant,
• Michael S. Elsaesser,
• R. Jürgen Behm and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.1

• interplanar distance in carbon with a turbostratic structure, and 0.3354 nm for the interplanar distance in a defect-free single crystal of graphite [41][42]. For g-NCS-850 and g-NCS-1000, g values of 0.43 and 0.59 were calculated, respectively. The reflections at 41.2° and 43.6° are associated to the (100

Abrupt elastic-to-plastic transition in pentagonal nanowires under bending

• Sergei Vlassov,
• Magnus Mets,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Jianjun Bian,
• Leonid Dorogin and
• Vahur Zadin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2468–2476, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.237

• at the twin boundaries leads to the brittle fracture-like onset of plastic deformation. The free surface of the NW facilitates the nucleation of defects, such as dislocations in an otherwise practically defect-free pentagonal NW structure. Additional preliminary experiments with alumina-coated Ag NWs

Pure and mixed ordered monolayers of tetracyano-2,6-naphthoquinodimethane and hexathiapentacene on the Ag(100) surface

• Robert Harbers,
• Timo Heepenstrick,
• Dmitrii F. Perepichka and
• Moritz Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1188–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.118

• the formation of well-ordered and defect-free domains, with a structure consistent with the LEED pattern. Domains on flat terraces exhibit a lateral extension of more than 100 nm, but they do not overgrow Ag steps. The molecules appear to lie flat on the surface with a higher apparent height of the

Direct growth of few-layer graphene on AlN-based resonators for high-sensitivity gravimetric biosensors

• Jimena Olivares,
• Teona Mirea,
• Lorena Gordillo-Dagallier,
• Bruno Marco,
• José Miguel Escolano,
• Marta Clement and
• Enrique Iborra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 975–984, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.98

• functionalization platforms. On one hand, graphene containing defects (COOH groups) can be covalently functionalized by using an EDC/NHS zero-cross linker, which allows for the binding of primary amines present in proteins and antibodies [11][12]. On the other hand, defect-free graphene is highly hydrophobic, and

• of their characteristics and then functionalized to manufacture gravimetric biosensors, which eliminates the need to use complex transfer methods. Defect-free few-layer graphene was selectively grown through a low-temperature (650 °C) CVD process on Ni [16] thin-film catalysts previously evaporated