Sidewall angle tuning in focused electron beam-induced processing

• Sangeetha Hari,
• Willem F. van Dorp,
• Johannes J. L. Mulders,
• Piet H. F. Trompenaars,
• Pieter Kruit and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 447–456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.40

• . The SE1 are distributed close to the primary beam, while the low-density SE2 are spread out over a much larger area. For simplicity, the spatial distribution of low-energy electrons around the point of impact of the primary beam with the substrate is assumed to be of a Gaussian shape. Depending on the

Heat-induced morphological changes in silver nanowires deposited on a patterned silicon substrate

• Elyad Damerchi,
• Sven Oras,
• Edgars Butanovs,
• Allar Liivlaid,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Annamarija Trausa,
• Veronika Zadin,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Loïc Vidal,
• Karine Mougin,
• Siim Pikker and
• Sergei Vlassov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 435–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.39

• nanoscale devices [8]. When deposited on a transparent substrate in the form of a low-density mesh, metal NWs can provide electrical conductivity while retaining sufficient transparency. The growing demand for transparent conductive materials has stimulated numerous studies aimed at the design, preparation

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• antioxidant appearing in low-density lipoprotein and human blood plasma contributing to the decrease of oxidative stress. Its mechanism of action relies on the ability to transfer the phenolic H atom to a peroxyl radical (ROO•) much more rapidly than the propagation reactions [50][51][52][53]. Despite the

• three key components: (1) edaravone and nanoceria were responsible for ROS scavenging; (2) poly(ethylene glycol) increased biocompatibility, monodispersity, and extended the half-life in the bloodstream; and (3) angiopep-2 served as targeting ligand, which specifically binds to the low-density

Insect attachment on waxy plant surfaces: the effect of pad contamination by different waxes

• Elena V. Gorb and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 385–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.35

• [8] tests up to precise measurements of attachment forces with different experimental techniques, such as pulling [9] and centrifugal [10] setups. It has been demonstrated that not only the presence of wax projections on the plant cuticle surface, but also their size, distribution, and density

On the mechanism of piezoresistance in nanocrystalline graphite

• Sandeep Kumar,
• Simone Dehm and
• Ralph Krupke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 376–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.34

• density of defects in the form of grain boundaries. It holds an advantage over graphene in easily achieving wafer-scale growth with controlled thickness. In this study, we explore the piezoresistivity in thin films of nanocrystalline graphite. Simultaneous measurements of sheet resistance and externally

Investigating ripple pattern formation and damage profiles in Si and Ge induced by 100 keV Ar⁺ ion beam: a comparative study

• Indra Sulania,
• Harpreet Sondhi,
• Tanuj Kumar,
• Sunil Ojha,
• G R Umapathy,
• Ambuj Mishra,
• Ambuj Tripathi,
• Richa Krishna,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi and
• Yogendra Kumar Mishra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 367–375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.33

• to induce that type of energy deposition in the Ge lattice. This way, the defects can be produced and the substrate can be amorphized. The roughness and growth exponents have been deduced from the RMS surface roughness and power spectral density data to understand the mechanism of ripple formation on

• Si and Ge. From the slope, n, of the linear part of power spectral density (PSD) curves, one may find the roughness parameter α using the formula α = (n − 1)/d, where d is the dimension of PSD [40]. In our case it is 2. Further, from the log plot of RMS roughness as a function of ion fluence, the

• nm (A) and 170 nm (B) with an integral density of point defects of ≈0.17 × 1018 per cm2 and 0.38 × 1017 per cm2 for Ge and Si, respectively, as calculated by DICADA. This may be due to the tailing effects where an incoming ion comes to rest after travelling a certain distance inside the target

Modulated critical currents of spin-transfer torque-induced resistance changes in NiCu/Cu multilayered nanowires

• Mengqi Fu,
• Roman Hartmann,
• Julian Braun,
• Sergej Andreev,
• Torsten Pietsch and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 360–366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.32

• , Supporting Information File 1). It results from Joule heating due to the high current density rather than from spin-related effects. Therefore, in order to visualize the spin-related features, the reduced differential resistance (dV/dI)red was obtained by subtracting the background curve measured at µ0H

• be of the order of 107 A/cm2, which is comparable to the reported values in trilayer [18][29] or multilayer [16][26] magnetic nanowires. For more details of the signatures of STT in the hysteresis loops and the estimation method of the current density see Supporting Information File 1. Ic+, Ic−, and

• magnetic fields. Supporting Information See Supporting Information File 1 for a detailed description of the setups of AAO template preparation and electrolytic nanowire deposition, an estimation of the thickness of NiCu and Cu layers and the current density in the measured device, a detailed description

Controllable physicochemical properties of WO_x thin films grown under glancing angle

• Rupam Mandal,
• Aparajita Mandal,
• Alapan Dutta,
• Rengasamy Sivakumar,
• Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31

• variability in bandgap energies, we recall that the optical bandgap of this class of materials is a function of defect density and stoichiometric composition, which is mainly governed by the OV concentration within the films [39][40]. To probe any possible variation in OV concentration and stoichiometry

• revealed from the XRD studies, as-deposited NS-WOx films are amorphous in nature, whereas post-growth vacuum-annealed (at 673 K for 1 h) films show an amorphous-to-crystalline structural phase transition. XPS analysis confirms an increasing concentration of defect density in the form of oxygen vacancies

Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• -th particle, and ρ is the material density. The results presented in Table 5 and Figure 7 demonstrate that although each calculation method gives a slightly different SSA, they are very similar within a sample. The agreement between measured and calculated values is excellent; the measured values lie

• calculated as the diameter of a sphere of the same mass using the literature density of the material. The number of counts for each diameter were sorted into a histogram, similar to a particle size distribution from EM. In this way a number-based particle size distribution (number of particles as function of

Investigating structural and electronic properties of neutral zinc clusters: a G₀W₀ and G₀W₀Г₀⁽¹⁾ benchmark

• Sunila Bakhsh,
• Muhammad Khalid,
• Sameen Aslam,
• Muhammad Sohail,
• Muhammad Aamir Iqbal,
• Mujtaba Ikram and
• Kareem Morsy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 310–316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.28

• /bjnano.15.28 Abstract The structural and electronic properties of zinc clusters (Znn) for a size range of n = 2–15 are studied using density functional theory. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed to search the structure and to determine the ground-state structure of the neutral Zn

• clusters. The structural motifs are optimized using the density functional theory approach to ensure that the structures are fully relaxed. Results are compared with the literature to validate the accuracy of the prediction method. The binding energy per cluster is obtained and compared with the reported

• [4][5][6]. The majority of the research work on Zn clusters is focused on the vdW transition for the Zn clusters. For example, Wang et al. [7] investigated it by using the PW91 functional, which suggested that the transition starts from n = 8. Iokibe et al. [8] obtained a similar result using density

Exploring the relationships between physiochemical properties of nanoparticles and cell damage to combat cancer growth using simple periodic table-based descriptors

• Joyita Roy and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 297–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.27

• the production of antibodies [45]. The descriptor “Metal alpha” (αmetal) defines the core environment of the metal. This descriptor represents the ratio of the number of core electrons to the number of valence electrons. The Metal alpha descriptor describes the electron density of the metal. This

Ultrasensitive and ultrastretchable metal crack strain sensor based on helical polydimethylsiloxane

• Shangbi Chen,
• Dewen Liu,
• Weiwei Chen,
• Huajiang Chen,
• Jiawei Li and
• Jinfang Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 270–278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.25

• ion beam sputtering was obtained from Fuzhou Yingfei Xun Photoelectric Tech Co., Ltd, China; it possessed a density of 19.3 g·cm−3 and a conductivity of 4.52 × 107 S·m−1. Silver conductive adhesive, which was procured from Shenzhen Ausbond Co., LTD. (Guangdong, China), was employed to affix copper

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• the Fe3O4 NPs [45]. Various factors such as the crystal structure of the material, dimensions, morphology, and density of crystal defects significantly affect the magnetic properties [46]. The saturation magnetization (Ms) values of NPs measured at 298 K using a VSM are given in Figure 2c. The values

• aqueous solution, showing promising prospects for use in magnetically targeted therapy. Determination of photothermal stability and efficiency To evaluate the photothermal performance of the nanostructures, the NPs were irradiated with an 808 nm laser at a power density of 1 W/cm2 for 5 min. A slight

• effects. Determination of photothermal drug release To investigate the effect of NIR laser interaction on drug release, VNB/PDA/Fe3O4 NPs were irradiated with an 808 nm NIR laser at a power density of 1 W/cm2 for 5 min at different time intervals (15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 240, and 300 min). After exposing VNB

Design, fabrication, and characterization of kinetic-inductive force sensors for scanning probe applications

• August K. Roos,
• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• Erik Holmgren and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 242–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.23

• power spectral density of fluctuations in force (force noise) SFF(ω), which sets a minimum detectable force (signal-to-noise ratio equals one) in a given measurement bandwidth, that is, signal integration time. The fluctuation–dissipation theorem applied to the harmonic oscillator gives where Tm is the

• of cantilever width b and length l. (c) Resonant frequency of the cantilever ωm as a function of its width b and length l. (a) Microwave simulations of the normalized current density of the first electromagnetic eigenfrequency ω of the meandering nanowire, for widths w = 75, 100, and 200 nm and using

• Lk,□ = 36 pH/□, with the current node at the center of the nanowire. The frequencies land in the range of 18–28 GHz. (b) Simulation of the first resonant mode of the entire structure, using a nanowire width w = 200 nm. On resonance, the current density is uniformly distributed in the meandering

Multiscale modelling of biomolecular corona formation on metallic surfaces

• Parinaz Mosaddeghi Amini,
• Ian Rouse,
• Julia Subbotina and
• Vladimir Lobaskin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 215–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.21

• water density profiles obtained from MD simulations for the slab–water system in the context of Al surfaces revealed characteristics that were previously observed for other simulated metallic surfaces [2][28]. The profiles exhibited two distinct regions with elevated water density located approximately

• 0.15–0.18 nm and 0.42–0.48 nm away from the aluminum surface. These regions corresponded to the first and second water layers adjacent to the metal surface, respectively (as depicted in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1). Further examination of the ion density profiles indicated the presence of

• , with ALAC exhibiting slightly lower energies on Fe(110) and Fe(111) surfaces [2]. We note that generally the binding of proteins to aluminum is weaker than to iron, which may be caused by the smaller lattice constant of fcc iron and higher density of surface atoms. Supporting Information File 2, Table

Exploring disorder correlations in superconducting systems: spectroscopic insights and matrix element effects

• Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
• Alexander E. Lukyanov,
• Andrey V. Krasavin,
• Alexei Vagov,
• Boris G. Lvov and
• Mihail D. Croitoru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 199–206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.19

• superconducting systems, going beyond the traditional assumption of spatially uncorrelated disorder. In particular, we investigate the influence of disorder correlations on key spectroscopic superconductor properties, including the density of states, as well as on the matrix elements of the superconducting

• disordered amorphous superconductors [50] revealed that in the regime of superconductor–insulator transition the superconducting gap is stable, whereas the coherence peaks in the single-particle density of states (DOS) disappear. Following this observation, it was suggested that the system exhibits

• ][64]. Additionally, we determine the chemical potential μ from the condition that the average electron density ne is fixed. In the calculations, we choose ne = 0.875. This is quite far from the half-filling condition ne = 1, at which a singular van Hove singularity appears in the DOS in the middle of

Modification of graphene oxide and its effect on properties of natural rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites

• Nghiem Thi Thuong,
• Le Dinh Quang,
• Vu Quoc Cuong,
• Cao Hong Ha,
• Nguyen Ba Lam and
• Seiichi Kawahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 168–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.16

• -glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane used in epoxy nanocomposites [27] or reduced GO/vinyltrimethoxy silane used in low-density polyethylene nanocomposites [28]. Additionally, Charoenchai et al. [29] prepared a hybrid silica/graphene oxide, GO/VTES, catalyzed under basic conditions. The hybrid filler was introduced into the NR matrix

Ferromagnetic resonance spectra of linear magnetosome chains

• Elizaveta M. Gubanova and
• Nikolai A. Usov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.15

• that of random clusters of interacting spherical magnetite nanoparticles. The shape of FMR spectra of both assemblies is shown to differ appreciably even at sufficiently large values of filling density of random clusters. Keywords: chains of magnetosomes; ferromagnetic resonance spectra; magnetite

• diameter D = 40 nm, randomly located in the cluster volume and having a random orientation of the cubic anisotropy axes. As Figure 4b shows, the width of the FMR spectra of dilute assemblies of random clusters increases with an increase in the filling density η because of an increase in the intensity of

• spherical nanoparticles with different cluster filling density η. With an increase in η, that is, with an increase in the intensity of the magnetic dipole interactions in the clusters, the width of the FMR peak of an assembly of random clusters increases significantly. Nevertheless, it remains much smaller

CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a booster in the active layer of distributed ternary organic photovoltaics

• Gabriela Lewińska,
• Piotr Jeleń,
• Zofia Kucia,
• Maciej Sitarz,
• Łukasz Walczak,
• Bartłomiej Szafraniak,
• Jerzy Sanetra and
• Konstanty W. Marszalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.14

• : The imaginary part function is described by: where Eg is the band gap of the material, E0 is the peak in the joint density of states, Θ is the Heaviside theta function, Γ is the broadening parameter, and A is a prefactor. The refractive indices and extinction coefficients as functions of the

Enhanced feedback performance in off-resonance AFM modes through pulse train sampling

• Mustafa Kangül,
• Navid Asmari,
• Santiago H. Andany,
• Marcos Penedo and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 134–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.13

• imaged a blend of polystyrene and low-density polyethylene (PS/LDPE) sample (SPM LABS LLC., Tempe, USA), mounting a RTESPA-300 cantilever (Bruker) and using both methods with the same ORT parameters, that is, 50 nm peak-to-peak amplitude and 2 kHz ORT frequency. Figure 5 shows 250 × 250 pixels images

In situ optical sub-wavelength thickness control of porous anodic aluminum oxide

• Aleksandrs Dutovs,
• Raimonds Popļausks,
• Oskars Putāns,
• Vladislavs Perkanuks,
• Aušrinė Jurkevičiūtė,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Uldis Malinovskis,
• Iryna Olyshevets,
• Donats Erts and
• Juris Prikulis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 126–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.12

• electrolyte [34][35] after prolonged anodization times. However, during the first 2–3 min the barrier layer thickness can vary substantially [36], potentially attributed to changes of current density [35] and local temperature [19]. Furthermore, the barrier layer is not flat and contains some amount of

• alumina, has a much higher optical density, which is attributed to scattering by pores. Furthermore, the pore uniformity and ordering can contribute to optical scattering. Conclusion We have developed an interferometric system to enable real-time monitoring and control of the anodization process, ensuring

Development and characterization of potential larvicidal nanoemulsions against Aedes aegypti

• Jonatas L. Duarte,
• Leonardo Delello Di Filippo,
• Anna Eliza Maciel de Faria Mota Oliveira,
• Rafael Miguel Sábio,
• Gabriel Davi Marena,
• Tais Maria Bauab,
• Cristiane Duque,
• Vincent Corbel and
• Marlus Chorilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 104–114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.10

• 10% bovine fetal serum and 100 μg/mL of penicillin G/streptomycin. Maintained at 37 °C with 5% CO2, the cells were grown until they reached a subconfluent density. To detach the cells, a 5 min trypsin treatment with TrypLE™ Express at 37 °C was performed, followed by inactivation using 0.3 mg/mL

• density at 570 nm was measured using a microplate reader. Cell viability was determined by comparing the absorbance of each product concentration to untreated cells, with the negative control (DMEM) representing 100% cellular metabolism. The analysis utilized average values. In vivo toxicity evaluation

Study of the reusability and stability of nylon nanofibres as an antibody immobilisation surface

• Inés Peraile,
• Matilde Gil-García,
• Laura González-López,
• Nushin A. Dabbagh-Escalante,
• Juan C. Cabria-Ramos and
• Paloma Lorenzo-Lozano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.8

• the biosensor surface, in terms of density, orientation, and stability, will determine the diagnosis capability of the device [11]. Thus, the immobilisation surface of the device is one of the key points in the development of new sensors. Nylon has been used as immobilisation surface in numerous

• an environment of high ion concentration capable of interacting with any charge density group, disrupting the hydrophobic bonds between protein A/G and antibody and the hydrogen bonds between protein A/G and nylon, as well as the bare nylon nanofibres. Results of stability study As this system is

Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency

• Le Thi Le,
• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Liem Thanh Nguyen,
• Huy Quang Tran and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7

• positively charged quaternary ammonium groups of BBR, increasing the charge density of the blend solution. As the higher charged solution jet, the elongation force imposed on the jet was higher, forming smaller fibers [3][34]. Interestingly, although the same amount of BBR drug was incorporated in the BBR

Influence of conductive carbon and MnCo₂O₄ on morphological and electrical properties of hydrogels for electrochemical energy conversion

• Sylwia Pawłowska,
• Karolina Cysewska,
• Yasamin Ziai,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 57–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.6

• tissues. The amount of water absorbed depends on factors such as the structure of the hydrogel, the composition of the precursor hydrogel solution, the cross-link density, and the technique of its synthesis. The simple reaction of one or more monomers is used for the production of this kind of material [1

• conduction paths, as manifested by a higher yield of catalyst particles. The potential required to drive a 10 mA/cm2 OER current density using the hydrogel with a higher amount of conductive particles compared to catalyst particles (MCO/cCB equal 1:7.5) is 1.73 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE

• overpotentials at the standard current density value of 10 mA/cm2. Also, hydrogel samples with conductive carbon particles in their three-dimensional structure (Hgel-cCB 3x, Hgel-cCB 6x) and without MCO catalyst particles, showed almost flat polarization curves, which made it impossible to determine the