Photoelectrochemical water oxidation over TiO₂ nanotubes modified with MoS₂ and g-C₃N₄

• Phuong Hoang Nguyen,
• Thi Minh Cao,
• Tho Truong Nguyen,
• Hien Duy Tong and
• Viet Van Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1541–1550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.127

• electrodes were a Pt counter electrode, a Ag/AgCl 3 M reference electrode, and a MoS2/TNAs or g-C3N4/TNAs working electrode in a 1 M Na2SO4 (pH 7.4) electrolyte solution. The light source used in this study was a 150 W Xe lamp (ABET Instruments) with a calibrated luminous intensity of 100 mW·cm−2 and a UV

• temperature (500 °C for 2 h) in [35] yielded better results better than those of this study. The investigation of the stability of the PEC electrodes from MoS2/TNAs and g-C3N4/TNAs is described in Figure S3, Supporting Information File 1. After every PEC test cycle, we immersed the PEC electrode in DI water

• for 1 h and let it dry completely before the next test. We can conclude that the stability of the MoS2/TNAs heterojunction is higher than that of the g-C3N4/TNAs heterojunction. The decrease in catalytic activity of the PEC electrodes is explained by the leaching of the catalysts MoS2 and g-C3N4 after

A TiO₂@MWCNTs nanocomposite photoanode for solar-driven water splitting

• Anh Quynh Huu Le,
• Ngoc Nhu Thi Nguyen,
• Hai Duy Tran,
• Van-Huy Nguyen and
• Le-Hai Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1520–1530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.125

• performed in 0.1 M KCl solution at a scan rate of 50 mV·s−1 with a three-electrode cell using Ag/AgCl and Pt wire as the reference and counter electrodes, respectively. The prepared TiO2@MWCNTs electrode is used as the working electrode. The measurement is carried out in a lab under 350 ± 10 lux of

• photoelectrochemical processes occurring at the interface between electrode and electrolyte [31]. Cyclic voltammetry measurements are utilized to analyze the characteristics of charge and discharge of the photoelectrochemical electrodes. Figure 8a shows the cyclic voltammograms (CVs) generated using the prepared TiO2

• , MWCNTs, and TiO2@MWCNTs electrodes as working electrodes in 0.1 M KCl electrolyte at a sweep rate of 50 mV/s. In Figure 8a, oxidation and reduction peaks are not observed in the CVs in the scanned potential range from −1.0 to +0.2 V. In the CV of the TiO2 electrode, the current decreases significantly at

Structural studies and selected physical investigations of LiCoO₂ obtained by combustion synthesis

• Monika Michalska,
• Paweł Ławniczak,
• Tomasz Strachowski,
• Adam Ostrowski and
• Waldemar Bednarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1473–1482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.121

• with silver paste (Hans Wolbring GmbH) to form electrodes. IS measurements were performed using a Novocontrol AlphaA Broadband Dielectric/Impedance Spectrometer (Novocontrol GmbH) at room temperature. Measurements were carried out in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 1 MHz with an oscillation voltage of

Rapid and sensitive detection of box turtles using an electrochemical DNA biosensor based on a gold/graphene nanocomposite

• Abu Hashem,
• M. A. Motalib Hossain,
• Ab Rahman Marlinda,
• Mohammad Al Mamun,
• Khanom Simarani and
• Mohd Rafie Johan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1458–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.120

• scanning electron microscopy and structural characteristics were analysed by using energy-dispersive X-ray, UV–vis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The electrochemical characteristics of the modified electrodes were studied by cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and

• the immobilisation of DNA. Supporting Information File 1, Table S1 illustrates the major peaks and their shifting after each modification of the nanocomposites. Modified effective surface area of screen-printed carbon electrodes Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was employed to measure SPCE and modified SPCE at

• ). Electrochemical characterisation of screen-printed carbon electrodes Figure 3b shows the CV behaviour of SPCE and different modified SPCEs with 2 mM of a [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− aqueous solution in 0.2 M KCl at a scan rate of 100 mV/S. Compared with bare SPCE, the peak currents of Gr/SPCE and AuNPs/SPCE considerably

Coherent amplification of radiation from two phase-locked Josephson junction arrays

• Mikhail A. Galin,
• Vladimir M. Krasnov,
• Ilya A. Shereshevsky,
• Nadezhda K. Vdovicheva and
• Vladislav V. Kurin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1445–1457, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.119

• straight electrodes with niobium JJs have been directly visualized recently using low-temperature scanning laser microscopy [13]. The scans revealed that the standing waves can provide the global coupling of all junctions in the array, that is, extended parts of the array can interact with each other. This

• generates the two-dimensional resonant mode that should lead to the increased output power. Therefore, along with the interaction between individual JJs, there is also a mutual coupling between different arrays (including JJs and electrodes) [14]. In the ideal case of two perfectly phase-locked arrays with

• the array electrodes. This leads to a profound enhancement of resonant step amplitudes in the IVCs of the arrays, indicating that the state of one array is strongly affected by oscillations in another array. The inter-array coupling is manifested by a significant amplification of emitted power with a

LED-light-activated photocatalytic performance of metal-free carbon-modified hexagonal boron nitride towards degradation of methylene blue and phenol

• Nirmalendu S. Mishra and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.114

• utilizing an EMX micro A200-9.5/12/S/W, Bruker Biospin, Germany. Photoelectrochemical study The photoelectrochemical properties of the studied materials were evaluated through a CHI 650 electrochemical workstation comprising a three-electrode system with Pt and Ag/AgCl as counter and reference electrodes

Near-infrared photoactive Ag-Zn-Ga-S-Se quantum dots for high-performance quantum dot-sensitized solar cells

• Roopakala Kottayi,
• Ilangovan Veerappan and
• Ramadasse Sittaramane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1337–1344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.110

• glass. This substrate was then dried at 60 °C in vacuum for 12 h to obtain the Cu2S-based CE. CE and photoanode were sandwiched with a 60 µm hot melt spacer at 110 °C for 50 s and clipped together. After that, the electrolyte was injected between the electrodes through pre-drilled holes in the CE to get

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• broad particle size distribution, which was observed to be in the range of 2–80 μm. The polydispersity due to evaporation in the spark helps to select particles of suitable diameter size. The evaporation of sparks is a universal process that can be applied to basically all metals suitable as electrodes

Role of titanium and organic precursors in molecular layer deposition of “titanicone” hybrid materials

• Arbresha Muriqi and
• Michael Nolan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1240–1255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.103

• catalytic and photocatalytic properties [46] porous TiO2 frameworks formed by the annealing of titanicone films may serve as catalytic supports [47]. Titanicone films can also be pyrolyzed under Ar to yield conducting TiO2/carbon composite films with important electrochemical applications as electrodes for

• Li ion batteries or pseudocapacitance supercapacitors [31]. These films were also employed as coatings of nano Si electrodes and successfully improved their performance [48]. As described above, different titanicone and Ti–organic MLD processes have been developed and although first principles

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• layers, composed of biomolecules, polymers, supramolecular assemblies, and functional organic hybrids have been successfully constructed on the surface of QCM electrodes. According to frequency shifts of QCM upon adsorption, detection efficiencies of various selectors for chiral analytes could be

• are a type of simple natural molecule which is widely applied for the specific recognition of chiral analytes in QCM. The molecular layers of amino acids may be immobilized on the surface of electrodes by chemical modification and self-assembly. Mandelic acid (MA) is an important chiral intermediate

• electrodes [45]. After removal of the template by acetic acid–acetonitrile solution, permeable MIP-sensing films with an imprinted cavity could be obtained. The real-time adsorption measurements indicated that this MIP film exhibited specific recognition only for S-propranolol. Luo et al. used the in situ

Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation

• Jia-Cheng Feng and
• Hong Xia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99

• exploiting the flow potential in nanochannels [34][39][40][41][42][43][44]. In 2014, Jun Yin et al. harvested wave energy using a single-layer graphene sheet [8][45]. The device produced a detectable electrical signal between the upper and lower electrodes when the graphene sheet was not fully immersed in

• induced voltage was detected from the top and lower electrodes during movement. Annealing treatment and plasma cleaning of the carbon particle layer have significant effects on the output voltage. After the treatment, the material changes from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, the contact angle decreases from

• propylene (FEP) film and made it have a nanoscale network structure with rough surface as shown in Figure 6g,h [21]. On a fluctuating water surface, the upper and lower electrodes on the back of the polymer will generate a potential difference, thereby generating current and voltage. Multiple device groups

DNA aptamer selection and construction of an aptasensor based on graphene FETs for Zika virus NS1 protein detection

• Nathalie B. F. Almeida,
• Thiago A. S. L. Sousa,
• Viviane C. F. Santos,
• Camila M. S. Lacerda,
• Thais G. Silva,
• Rafaella F. Q. Grenfell,
• Flavio Plentz and
• Antero S. R. Andrade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 873–881, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.78

• previously described by our group elsewhere [24]. The dimensions of the sensing region (100 μm × 100 μm) were defined by O2 plasma etching. The source and drain electrodes were fabricated by electron-beam evaporation of 2 nm/100 nm of Ti/Au, and we covered the metal contacts with a 10 μm thick passivation

Self-assembly of C₆₀ on a ZnTPP/Fe(001)–p(1 × 1)O substrate: observation of a quasi-freestanding C₆₀ monolayer

• Guglielmo Albani,
• Michele Capra,
• Alessandro Lodesani,
• Alberto Calloni,
• Gianlorenzo Bussetti,
• Marco Finazzi,
• Franco Ciccacci,
• Alberto Brambilla,
• Lamberto Duò and
• Andrea Picone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.76

• [15][16]. The ability to tailor the degree of electronic coupling between the molecules and the substrate is of utmost importance when it comes to embedding the interface in a specific application. For instance, if the molecules are interfaced with ferromagnetic electrodes in spin-valve architectures

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

• Lingling Xia,
• Qinyue Wang and
• Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

• increased by using these materials as positive electrodes. The networks can also help to accelerate ion transfer in coordination polymers. When the Prussian blue nanocrystals contain a double-network PAAm/PAMPS hydrogel, the uptake of Cs+ ions from solution could be as high as 397 mg·g−1, which is very

• . Such an enhancement could also be found in the case of electrodes for supercapacitors. The carbons derived from the inverse opal single crystals showed excellent cycling stability [120]. When the networks do not have lattice similarity with the grown monocrystalline coordination polymers, the crystal

• function is quite attractive because this function is versatile even for nanoparticles. Electrodes of sodium-ion batteries can be fabricated by using the Ni–CN–Ni colloids as glue. The contribution to the adhesion strength among 2D coordination polymers was generally considered to be van der Waals forces

Hierarchical Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂-nanotube composites derived from natural cellulose for visible-light photocatalytic treatment of pollutants

• Zehao Lin,
• Zhan Yang and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 745–762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.66

• × 1.0 cm2) and saturated calomel electrode (SCE) were used as the reference and counter electrodes, respectively. The Na2SO4 aqueous solution (0.5 M) was employed as the electrolyte and a xenon lamp with a 420 nm cutoff filter was used as the light source. The corresponding sample (5.0 mg) was

• photogenerated electron−hole pairs. It is reported that the transient photocurrent responses of the samples depend on the amounts of photogenerated charges and the kinetics of charge separation of the corresponding electrodes under irradiation of light [62]. As shown in Figure 10a, under irradiation of visible

• efficiencies of the photogenerated charges of the corresponding electrodes. As displayed in Figure 10b, the circular arc radii in the EIS Nyquist plots of all the Bi2WO6/TiO2-NT nanocomposites are smaller than those of the pure Bi2WO6 powder sample apart from the 30%−Bi2WO6/TiO2-NT nanocomposite. This

A nonenzymatic reduced graphene oxide-based nanosensor for parathion

• Sarani Sen,
• Anurag Roy,
• Ambarish Sanyal and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 730–744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.65

• nanoribbons doped with silver nanoparticles, rGO doped with ZrO2, and CuO–TiO2 hybrid nanocomposites were proposed to detect methyl parathion [19][20][21][22]. Rajaji et al. (2019) modified glassy carbon electrodes with graphene oxide encapsulated 3D porous chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) nanocomposites to detect

• methyl paraoxon in vegetables [23]. Recently, Jangid et al. (2021) also described the electrocatalytic activity of fenitrothion on glassy carbon electrodes modified with nitrogen and sulfur co-doped activated carbon-coated multiwalled carbon nanotubes [24]. Nevertheless, the fabrication process of the

• at 3000 rpm for 15 min. The product (GO) was collected and dried at room temperature for further studies. Fabrication of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide modified electrodes Before surface modification of GO, a bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE, φ = 3 mm) was polished in 1.0, 0.3, and 0.05

Modeling a multiple-chain emeraldine gas sensor for NH₃ and NO₂ detection

• Hana Sustkova and
• Jan Voves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 721–729, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.64

• supposed to be in a Cartesian system. The distance between electrodes lies along the z-axis and the direction from z to −∞ is defined as “left”. Likewise, the direction from z to +∞ is defined as “right”. Now, the left density matrix contribution is calculated using NEGF [16]: and the contribution of the

• the whole system [16]. The central region is ruled by the non-equilibrium electron distribution. Using the retarded Green’s and broadening function for the electrodes, the transmission spectrum is modeled as [16]: Results and Discussion Emeraldine salt molecules were modeled for one chain and for

• electrodes through unperturbed PANI chains. Therefore, the hopping influence can be ignored in the comparison with the experimental data. Limitations and validity of the model The extended Hückel method is a semi-empirical method and cannot display reality completely. To compare this model with experimental

Nanoarchitectonics of the cathode to improve the reversibility of Li–O₂ batteries

• Hien Thi Thu Pham,
• Jonghyeok Yun,
• So Yeun Kim,
• Sang A Han,
• Jung Ho Kim,
• Jong-Won Lee and
• Min-Sik Park

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 689–698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.61

• . Galvanostatic discharge profiles (a, b, c) of the LOBs with (a) Zn4Co1–C/CNT, (b) Zn1Co1–C/CNT, and (c) Zn1Co4–C/CNT electrodes. The discharge measurements were performed in pure O2 at a current density of 50 mA·g−1. Plots of discharge curves (d, e, f) of (d) Zn4Co1–C/CNT, (e) Zn1Co1–C/CNT, and (f) Zn1Co4–C/CNT

• electrodes. The cells were discharged in pure O2 with a limited capacity of 500 mAh·g−1 at various current densities in the range of 50–2,000 mA·g−1. The terminal discharge and charge potentials during cycling (g, h, i) measured on (g) Zn4Co1–C/CNT, (h) Zn1Co1–C/CNT, and (i) Zn1Co4–C/CNT electrodes. The

Reliable fabrication of transparent conducting films by cascade centrifugation and Langmuir–Blodgett deposition of electrochemically exfoliated graphene

• Teodora Vićentić,
• Stevan Andrić,
• Vladimir Rajić and
• Marko Spasenović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 666–674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.58

• because glass slides are inexpensive and widely available, but also because the optical characteristics of deposited films can be subsequently examined [42]. For measuring the electrical resistance, the film was deposited onto Metrohm DropSens substrates with a pair of interdigitated electrodes (G-IDEPT10

• light path. Graphene film resistance was measured by inserting the substrates with electrodes into an electrode connector (DRP-CACIDE, Metrohm, Oviedo, Spain) and the acquiring resistance with a handheld digital multimeter. Optical dark-field microscopy of the films was performed with a magnification of

Approaching microwave photon sensitivity with Al Josephson junctions

• Andrey L. Pankratov,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Leonid S. Revin,
• Dmitry A. Ladeynov,
• Anton A. Yablokov and
• Leonid S. Kuzmin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 582–589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.50

• rate. Therefore, its value is underestimated in dc measurements. The upper limit is given by the BCS expression 1.75kTc/(eRN) [29], which depends on the critical temperature of the electrodes and the normal resistance of the tunnel barrier only. This maximum possible critical current is difficult to

Influence of thickness and morphology of MoS₂ on the performance of counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells

• Lam Thuy Thi Mai,
• Hai Viet Le,
• Ngan Kim Thi Nguyen,
• Van La Tran Pham,
• Thu Anh Thi Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thanh Le Huynh and
• Hoang Thai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 528–537, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.44

• City, 700000, Vietnam Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam 10.3762/bjnano.13.44 Abstract Non-platinum electrodes for photoelectric devices are challenging and attractive to the scientific community. A thin film of molybdenum

• freshly prepared MoS2/FTO electrodes (without heat treatment) were used to examine the electrocatalytic activity towards the I3−/I− redox couple as well as directly used as CEs for DSSCs. Electroactivity of MoS2 CEs The electrocatalytic activity of MoS2 CEs towards the I3−/I− redox couple was investigated

• high number of catalytically active sites, and the thickness of the MoS2 film. The MoS2/FTO films could be applied as non-Pt electrodes for DSSCs in the near future. Experimental Materials and reagents Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate ((NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O, 99.98%), sodium sulfide nonahydrate (Na2S·9H2O

Tubular glassy carbon microneedles with fullerene-like tips for biomedical applications

• Sharali Malik and
• George E. Kostakis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 455–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.38

• a fullerene-like structure. So far, evidence for this was inferred from TEM observations and theoretical models of polymer-derived carbons [13]. Since glassy carbon has been identified as a promising material for electrodes used in neural prosthetics [1], our long-term aim is to develop a scaleable

• procedure utilising catalytic methane pyrolysis to fabricate glassy carbon microneedle electrodes for biomedical applications. Results and Discussion Growth of glassy carbon microneedles Previously, glassy carbon microneedles have been made by the pyrolysis of commercially available polymers. The polymer

The role of sulfonate groups and hydrogen bonding in the proton conductivity of two coordination networks

• Ali Javed,
• Felix Steinke,
• Stephan Wöhlbrandt,
• Hana Bunzen,
• Norbert Stock and
• Michael Tiemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 437–443, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.36

• pressed into pellets and placed between plate electrodes without further auxiliary measures, such as the usage of conductive paste. A potential of 0.1 V was chosen for the entire study, after making sure that lower or higher potentials do not affect the measurements in any significant way (see Supporting

• necessary, as will be discussed below. The proton conductivity σ is then calculated from the resistance R by accounting for the thickness L and contact area A of the sample pellet between the two electrodes (σ = R−1·L·A−1) [21]. The results are shown in Table 1. Further conductivity values at 22 °C are

• Novocontrol broadband dielectric spectrometer (Alpha-A High Performance Frequency Analyzer). The samples were mounted between two Novocontrol BDS1200 based blocking gold-plated electrodes, and two-wire mode measurements were made, as described in earlier studies [21][29]. The impedance data was recorded in

A non-enzymatic electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensor based on copper oxide nanostructures

• Irena Mihailova,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Marina Krasovska,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Valdis Mizers,
• Andrejs Bulanovs and
• Andrejs Ogurcovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 424–436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.35

• . Currently, the electrochemical method is most widely used due to its simplicity, selectivity, and low detection limit. Modified (with enzymes) and unmodified electrodes are used as working electrodes. In the case of modified electrodes, the surface is functionalized by redox-active enzymes (the most popular

• instability. Due to the nature of enzymes, they can be easily damaged thermally and chemically during production, transportation, and use of electrodes. In addition, enzymes are quite expensive, which significantly increases the production cost and total price of this type of sensor. Recently, research has

• , such as thermal oxidation of copper electrodes in an oxygen atmosphere [72][73], hydrothermal chemical oxidation of copper surfaces [56], and hydrothermal synthesis using various precursors containing copper ions [74][75]. Copper oxide nanostructures can also be obtained as a powder and then applied to

A chemiresistive sensor array based on polyaniline nanocomposites and machine learning classification

• Jiri Kroutil,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Ali Ahmad,
• Jan Voves,
• Vojtech Povolny,
• Ladislav Klimsa,
• Marina Davydova and
• Miroslav Husak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 411–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.34

• controlling of individual sensing layers. The heating element can also be used for the desorption of measured gases or heating slightly above the ambient temperature in order to reduce temperature fluctuation. The 18 µm thick Cu interdigitated electrodes were covered with a 12 µm thick gold layer to improve

• the corrosion resistance. The width and spacing of interdigitated electrodes are 100 µm. The heating element (surface-mounted device SMD0402 resistor with an electric resistance of 50 Ω) and a platinum temperature sensor (SMD0603 Pt1000) are placed on the bottom side of each sensor by soldering with