Periodic Co/Nb pseudo spin valve for cryogenic memory

• Nikolay Klenov,
• Yury Khaydukov,
• Sergey Bakurskiy,
• Roman Morari,
• Igor Soloviev,
• Vladimir Boian,
• Thomas Keller,
• Mikhail Kupriyanov,
• Anatoli Sidorenko and
• Bernhard Keimer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 833–839, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.83

• ], and also due to compatibility with a number of quantum and neuromorphic computers under development [2][3][4]. However the lack of cryogenic memory elements (including synapses) with sufficiently fast switching between stable states and sufficiently small energy dissipation is still the main obstacle

Choosing a substrate for the ion irradiation of two-dimensional materials

• Egor A. Kolesov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 531–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.54

• electrons in the defect formation in monolayers is in accordance with the previously reported experiments [34]. The effect is expected to be more pronounced for semiconducting 2D materials, such as MoS2 and other 2D TMDs, where the electronic energy dissipation is less rapid than, for example, in graphene

Friction reduction through biologically inspired scale-like laser surface textures

• Johannes Schneider,
• Vergil Djamiykov and
• Christian Greiner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2561–2572, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.238

• elaborate fluid dynamics simulations. As far as the unlubricated experiments are concerned, the concept developed by Bowden and Tabor [51] points out that most frictional energy dissipation is due to plastic deformation of the subsurface layer. If one of the sliding partners is harder than the other, the

Effective sensor properties and sensitivity considerations of a dynamic co-resonantly coupled cantilever sensor

• Julia Körner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2546–2560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.237

• co-resonantly coupled system, the definition based on energy dissipation will be used, hence: with Ea,b denoting the total energy stored in the system and ΔEa,b the dissipated energy per oscillation period. Please note that the absolute value for the dissipated energy (often considered with a

Recent highlights in nanoscale and mesoscale friction

• Andrea Vanossi,
• Dirk Dietzel,
• Andre Schirmeisen,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Marcin Kisiel,
• Shigeki Kawai and
• Nicola Manini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1995–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.190

• minimum of energy dissipation. In this case, the low friction is depending on the high elastic modulus of graphene, which ensures that the graphene lattice remains nearly unaltered relative to the gold lattice. Therefore, an incommensurate contact is maintained during movement along the gold surface. An

• process and the task of the related functional molecular groups. Then, the frictional properties of these films in the different conformations (e.g., trans and cis) will be intensively studied to understand how this conformation switching affects energy dissipation. Multiscale bridging The current

• to investigate the load dependence of friction for viscoelastic materials [208]. A second aspect of this effort is investigating and controlling the mechanisms of energy dissipation due to wear and plastic deformations, and in particular in making contact between atomistic studies of friction with

Electrostatically actuated encased cantilevers

• Benoit X. E. Desbiolles,
• Gabriela Furlan,
• Adam M. Schwartzberg,
• Paul D. Ashby and
• Dominik Ziegler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1381–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.130

• immersed in a viscous fluid. Quantitative measurements of stiffness, energy dissipation and tip–sample interactions using dynamic force sensors remain challenging due to spurious resonances of the system. Results: We demonstrate for the first time electrostatic actuation with a built-in electrode. Solely

Imaging of viscoelastic soft matter with small indentation using higher eigenmodes in single-eigenmode amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy

• Miead Nikfarjam,
• Enrique A. López-Guerra,
• Santiago D. Solares and
• Babak Eslami

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1116–1122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.103

• ). At this extreme, no energy dissipation takes place and the material behaves in a soft-elastic manner [11][15][16][17]. On the other hand, when the material is probed at extremely high loading rates, the dashpots do not deform and the behavior of the mechanical model is ruled by the summation of all

Scanning speed phenomenon in contact-resonance atomic force microscopy

• Christopher C. Glover,
• Jason P. Killgore and
• Ryan C. Tung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 945–952, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.87

• be approximately 1 nm in thickness and formed at approximately 40% RH on mica [26][27]. The water film was found to have elastic, viscous, and energy dissipation properties that changed when the driving amplitude was varied [30][33][34]. Hofbauer et al. found that “the mechanical stress exerted by

Tuning adhesion forces between functionalized gold colloidal nanoparticles and silicon AFM tips: role of ligands and capillary forces

• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Marta Berholts,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 660–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.61

• ) self-assemble on a surface with rather a poor packing [2]. This kind of structuration leads to low density of molecules on the surface. As a result, short chains have more structural disorder and defects that promote energy dissipation through rotational and vibrational excitation modes [30]. These

• between tip and sample surface, Young’s modulus (according to either DMT or Sneddon model), deformation and energy dissipation along with the surface topography (Supporting Information File 1). Etched silicon probes RTESPA-300 with a nominal spring constant k ≈ 40 N/m for QNM were provided by Bruker. All

Electron interactions with the heteronuclear carbonyl precursor H₂FeRu₃(CO)₁₃ and comparison with HFeCo₃(CO)₁₂: from fundamental gas phase and surface science studies to focused electron beam induced deposition

• Ragesh Kumar T P,
• Paul Weirich,
• Lukas Hrachowina,
• Marc Hanefeld,
• Ragnar Bjornsson,
• Helgi Rafn Hrodmarsson,
• Sven Barth,
• D. Howard Fairbrother,
• Michael Huth and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 555–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.53

• process proceeding directly along a repulsive path on the respective potential energy surface of the ground state anion. For H2FeRu3(CO)13, on the other hand, energy dissipation is more effective leading to more apparent competition between the apex loss and base plane fragmentation of the ground state

Review: Electrostatically actuated nanobeam-based nanoelectromechanical switches – materials solutions and operational conditions

• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Jana Andzane and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 271–300, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.29

• conductivity [10][96][99]. If there is a low current density in the contact (in the range of 1 pA/nm2) and a good thermal contact, the temperature changes modestly (ΔT < 30 K) and almost no Joule heating occurs [10]. However, even at current densities as low as 3 pA/nm2, energy dissipation in the contact may

Combined scanning probe electronic and thermal characterization of an indium arsenide nanowire

• Tino Wagner,
• Fabian Menges,
• Heike Riel,
• Bernd Gotsmann and
• Andreas Stemmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 129–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.15

• length scale of only a few nanometres. At the same time, Joule dissipation affects devices as they are scaled down, and the increasing power densities require adequate thermal management to avoid performance degradation or failure [1]. Hot spots can appear due to increased local energy dissipation at

Beyond Moore’s technologies: operation principles of a superconductor alternative

• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Alexander L. Gudkov and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2689–2710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.269

• , the dynamic power dissipation is about 60 times less than the stationary dissipation. Hence, the main efforts to increase the energy efficiency of RSFQ circuits were aimed at a decrease of the stationary energy dissipation. The energy-efficient successors of RSFQ, i.e., LV-RSFQ, ERSFQ and eSFQ, are

• transfer of a logical zero. In ERSFQ both unity and zero are transferred through switching of one of the Josephson junctions in the decision-making pair. By assuming an equal number of zeros and ones in the data, one comes to a roughly equal estimation for energy dissipation in both RQL and ERSFQ logics

• ]. AQFP-based circuits were tested experimentally [64] at a clock frequency of 5 GHz showing energy dissipation at the level of 10−20 J. Theoretical analysis reveals that AQFP can be operated with energy dissipation below the thermodynamic limit [65]. The product of energy dissipated per clock cycle on a

Exploring wear at the nanoscale with circular mode atomic force microscopy

• Olivier Noel,
• Aleksandar Vencl and
• Pierre-Emmanuel Mazeran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2662–2668, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.266

• friction, energy dissipation and worn material at the local scale or to exhibit local heterogeneity of the material. To summarize, CM-AFM applied to wear experiments regarding different applications such as tribochemistry and wear of thin films presents numerous advantages compared to conventional AFM wear

Amplified cross-linking efficiency of self-assembled monolayers through targeted dissociative electron attachment for the production of carbon nanomembranes

• Sascha Koch,
• Christopher D. Kaiser,
• Paul Penner,
• Michael Barclay,
• Lena Frommeyer,
• Daniel Emmrich,
• Patrick Stohmann,
• Tarek Abu-Husein,
• Andreas Terfort,
• D. Howard Fairbrother,
• Oddur Ingólfsson and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2562–2571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.256

• process in the gas phase (Figure 1) shows that the relative difference between 2-Cl-BPT and 2-Br-BPT is less clear in the SAMs. This is to be expected due to the different conditions in the condensed phase as compared to the gas phase, for example, different temperatures and additional energy dissipation

Material property analytical relations for the case of an AFM probe tapping a viscoelastic surface containing multiple characteristic times

• Enrique A. López-Guerra and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2230–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.223

• energy hysteresis). Interestingly, energy dissipation in this case is not exclusively proportional to the loss modulus as in the case of steady-state harmonic applications (e.g., DMA, see Equation 8). It is evident that substantial complexity is generated in the analytical relations derived when the

• system does not achieve steady-state (compare Equation 8 to Equation 30). The above is natural because in the tapping case the force is not harmonic (Equation 29), and therefore, its convolution with velocity (Equation 6) to obtain energy dissipation results in a much more complex solution than in the

• parameters) and Zeq. Fortunately, San Paulo and García [18] have shown that, besides energy dissipation, it is possible to obtain another meaningful energy quantity defined as the convolution of the tip–sample interaction force with the tip deflection [44], as described in Equation 9. This is the virial that

Velocity dependence of sliding friction on a crystalline surface

• Christian Apostoli,
• Giovanni Giusti,
• Jacopo Ciccoianni,
• Gabriele Riva,
• Rosario Capozza,
• Rosalie Laure Woulaché,
• Andrea Vanossi,
• Emanuele Panizon and
• Nicola Manini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2186–2199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.218

• ; (iv) adopt, rather than a harmonic crystal, a realistic force field modeling a specific substrate, with the target of predicting the frictional dynamic features of a specific interface as was done, e.g., in [49][65]; (v) energy dissipation implemented through suitably remote boundary-atom thermostats

Oxidative stabilization of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers and carbon nanofibers containing graphene oxide (GO): a spectroscopic and electrochemical study

• İlknur Gergin,
• Ezgi Ismar and
• A. Sezai Sarac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1616–1628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.161

• -independent experimental constants; TCPE relates to the size, thickness, and materials properties, while n relates to the degree of energy dissipation and measures the arc depression, which is frequency-independent. Moreover, n is a parameter describing the deviation from an ideal capacitor and arises from

Miniemulsion copolymerization of (meth)acrylates in the presence of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes for reinforced coating applications

• Bertha T. Pérez-Martínez,
• Lorena Farías-Cepeda,
• Víctor M. Ovando-Medina,
• José M. Asua,
• Lucero Rosales-Marines and
• Radmila Tomovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1328–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.134

• in an augmentation of the storage modulus (i.e., stiffness) over the entire temperature range. In addition, the loss modulus of the composites was also higher than that of the blank polymer (Figure 4b), namely the energy dissipation as heat was promoted. This may be due to an additional energy

• dissipation mechanism when the MWCNTs slide at the interface with polymer in presence of PVP, as previously reported in case of organic/inorganic hybrids [43]. The strong polymer–MWCNT interaction substantially improves the mechanical properties of the in situ composites, particularly at high temperatures

Impact of surface wettability on S-layer recrystallization: a real-time characterization by QCM-D

• Jagoba Iturri,
• Ana C. Vianna,
• Alberto Moreno-Cencerrado,
• Dietmar Pum,
• Uwe B. Sleytr and
• José Luis Toca-Herrera

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 91–98, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.10

• -layers on different supports [17][18]. The QCM-D responses, i.e., the resonance frequency f and the energy dissipation D of the shear oscillatory motion of a piezoelectric quartz crystal sensor, change upon adsorption or desorption of material on the surface of that sensor. The measured parameters are

Structural and tribometric characterization of biomimetically inspired synthetic "insect adhesives"

• Matthias W. Speidel,
• Malte Kleemeier,
• Andreas Hartwig,
• Klaus Rischka,
• Angelika Ellermann,
• Rolf Daniels and
• Oliver Betz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 45–63, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.6

• influence of the energy dissipation in the viscoelastic cuticle, which provides additional resistance towards separation. This suggests that natural insect tarsal adhesives actually show only low adhesive strengths that are in the range of a few kilopascal. Such properties have been produced especially in

Influence of ambient humidity on the attachment ability of ladybird beetles (Coccinella septempunctata)

• Lars Heepe,
• Jonas O. Wolff and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1322–1329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.123

• ) humidity-dependent material properties of insect cuticle and β-keratin (main constituent of gecko setae) [41][42][43][44]. In geckos, the effect of a RH on viscoelastic properties of the setal shaft was shown [13]. It was argued that with an increasing humidity the viscoelastic bulk energy dissipation

• about where tarsal liquids are actually secreted and delivered in hairy attachment pads of beetles. Moreover, assuming capillarity to be responsible for the generated traction forces, it is not clear how the proposed increase in the viscoelastic bulk energy dissipation with increasing humidity should

Advanced atomic force microscopy techniques III

• Thilo Glatzel and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1052–1054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.98

• . Combined AFM and STM measurements reveal related force and electronic properties [9], energy dissipation in manipulation processes can be examined via the excitation voltage needed to keep a constant amplitude of the probe oscillation [10][11], pulling forces of atomic or molecular wires can be determined

The influence of phthalocyanine aggregation in complexes with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots on the photophysical properties of the complexes

• Irina V. Martynenko,
• Anna O. Orlova,
• Vladimir G. Maslov,
• Anatoly V. Fedorov,
• Kevin Berwick and
• Alexander V. Baranov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.94

• PL of tetrapyrrole molecules [26]. In nonconjugated complexes of cysteamine-capped QDs and chlorin e6 additional channels of nonradiative energy dissipation in QDs and/or in chlorin e6 took place when the relative chlorin e6 concentration in the mixture was increased [19][27]. Aggregation of acceptor

Thermo-voltage measurements of atomic contacts at low temperature

• Ayelet Ofarim,
• Bastian Kopp,
• Thomas Möller,
• León Martin,
• Johannes Boneberg,
• Paul Leiderer and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 767–775, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.68

• temperature gradients into electrical energy and for the local energy dissipation. More fundamentally, the study of thermoelectric effects in atomic-scale nanostructures and in molecular junctions gives important additional information of charge transport [2][3][4]. The thermopower is quantified by the