Concurrent nanoscale surface etching and SnO₂ loading of carbon fibers for vanadium ion redox enhancement

• Jun Maruyama,
• Shohei Maruyama,
• Tomoko Fukuhara,
• Toru Nagaoka and
• Kei Hanafusa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 985–992, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.99

• as TGP), tin phthalocyanine (SnPc, Sigma-Aldrich), and ethanol (99.5%, Nacalai Tesque) were used as received. High-purity water was obtained by circulating ion-exchanged water through an Easypure water-purification system (Barnstead, D7403). Sulfuric acid (6 M, Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.) was diluted

• , 100B/W (BAS). An Au wire as a lead was connected to the upper side of the 1 cm2 sample to form the working electrode. The electrode was immersed in ethanol and then rinsed with high-purity water to fully wet the electrode and to minimize the influence of wetting [7][30]. The counter electrode was

• TGP-CSnPc-550Air as the negative and positive electrodes, and Nafion 212 as the separator, incorporated into a flow cell similar to that used in a previous study [31]. The number of the layers was also chosen according to the results of this study. TGP-CSnPc-550Air was immersed in ethanol and rinsed

Structural and optical properties of penicillamine-protected gold nanocluster fractions separated by sequential size-selective fractionation

• Xiupei Yang,
• Zhengli Yang,
• Fenglin Tang,
• Jing Xu,
• Maoxue Zhang and
• Martin M. F. Choi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 955–966, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.96

• materials D-Penicillamine (98%), chloroauric acid (HAuCl4·3H2O, 99.9%) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4, 99%) were purchased from Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI, USA). Acetone (99.5%), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB, 99%), methanol (MeOH, 99.8%) and ethanol (EtOH, 99.8%) were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA

Synthesis of novel C-doped g-C₃N₄ nanosheets coupled with CdIn₂S₄ for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

• Jingshuai Chen,
• Chang-Jie Mao,
• Helin Niu and
• Ji-Ming Song

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 912–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.92

• 100 mL Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave, sealed and maintained at 180 °C for 12 h, then cooled naturally and washed with ethanol and distilled water. The product was dried at 60 °C for 10 h. The as-prepared CdIn2S4/CCN samples with 1, 3, 5 and 10 wt % CdIn2S4 were denoted as CISCCN1, CISCCN3

Fabrication of silver nanoisland films by pulsed laser deposition for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Bogusław Budner,
• Mariusz Kuźma,
• Barbara Nasiłowska,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Malwina Liszewska and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 882–893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.89

• 2 mL of 0.01 M pMA solution in ethanol was added to the dish. The samples were left in solution for about 60 min. After removing the samples from the solution, they were rinsed twice with pure ethanol and then allowed to dry. SERS spectra of all samples A–I were recorded using two lasers with

Rapid, ultraviolet-induced, reversibly switchable wettability of superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic surfaces

• Yunlu Pan,
• Wenting Kong,
• Bharat Bhushan and
• Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 866–873, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.87

• nanoparticles were modified in ethanol solutions of PFOS, and the suspensions were sprayed on glass substrates to make the TiO2–PFOS samples. With the same method, Al2O3–PFOS samples were prepared as control groups. As shown in Figure 1, both TiO2–PFOS and Al2O3–PFOS coated surfaces exhibited excellent

• Biochemical Corporation (Shanghai, China). Other chemicals include 99.9% ethanol used as the solvent and deionized water was used in the CA measurements. Preparation of coating surfaces Rutile phase TiO2 was modified by a simple hydrolysis reaction in order to obtain superhydrophobicity. In the modification

• process, 1 g of PFOS was dissolved into 50 mL ethanol and stirred for 1 h at ambient temperature in order to fully hydrolyse fluoroalkylsilane. Next, 3 g of rutile TiO2 was added into the solution and stirred for another 1 h to form the suspension. The suspension could be used to spray or paint a

Synthesis of MnO₂–CuO–Fe₂O₃/CNTs catalysts: low-temperature SCR activity and formation mechanism

• Yanbing Zhang,
• Lihua Liu,
• Yingzan Chen,
• Xianglong Cheng,
• Chengjian Song,
• Mingjie Ding and
• Haipeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 848–855, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.85

• (NO3)2·3H2O (AR), Fe(NO3)·9H2O (AR) and ethanol (AR) were purchased from Shanghai Chemical Reagent Ltd. All chemical were used without further purification. Deionized water with a resistivity above 18.0 MΩ·cm was obtained from a JL-RO100 Millipore-Q Plus. Modification of CNTs and the synthesis of MnO2

• –CuO–Fe2O3/CNTs catalysts The raw CNTs were first treated with HNO3 (65–68%) for 4 h at 140 °C, and then washed with deionized water and ethanol until pH 7. Finally, the solid product was dried at 70 °C for 12 h and grinded in an agate mortar. First, acid-treated CNTs, Cu(NO3)2·3H2O, and Fe(NO3)·9H2O

• were dispersed in 40 mL deionized water under stirring for 12 h. Afterward, 40 mL of KMnO4 solution was added under continuous stirring at room temperature for another 12 h. Subsequently, the solid product was obtained by filtration, and washed with deionized water and ethanol until pH 7. Finally, the

Novel reversibly switchable wettability of superhydrophobic–superhydrophilic surfaces induced by charge injection and heating

• Xiangdong Ye,
• Junwen Hou and
• Dongbao Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 840–847, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.84

• light irradiation for 50 min and exposure to an ethanol solution that contains stearic acid for 3 min. Gu et al. [11] found a way to control the photoinduction of N-12 alkyl mercaptan. It took only 25 min to change from superhydrophobic (contact angle of about 159 ± 1°) to superhydrophilic (contact

• between superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity using a folded graphene coating that was prepared by ethanol drying and prewetting. The wettability of droplets on electrodes coated with an insulator thin film can be changed by applying direct or alternating-current potentials. This phenomenon is

An efficient electrode material for high performance solid-state hybrid supercapacitors based on a Cu/CuO/porous carbon nanofiber/TiO₂ hybrid composite

• Mamta Sham Lal,
• Thirugnanam Lavanya and
• Sundara Ramaprabhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 781–793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.78

• value of 3.5–4. Subsequently, it was heated at 180 °C for 12 h in a 100 mL teflon-lined autoclave. The treated powders were washed thoroughly with deionized water and ethanol for several times. The final product was filtered and dried overnight at 60 °C to get the Cu/CuO/PCNF/TiO2 composite. The

Towards rare-earth-free white light-emitting diode devices based on the combination of dicyanomethylene and pyranine as organic dyes supported on zinc single-layered hydroxide

• Jeff L. Nyalosaso,
• Rachod Boonsin,
• Pierre Vialat,
• Damien Boyer,
• Geneviève Chadeyron,
• Rachid Mahiou and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 760–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.75

• negative charges or electron donor sites in order to interact with the positively charged SLH compound; (ii) be water-soluble in the reaction medium (generally water, ethanol or polyol); and (iii) be optically active at basic pH values, for which the formation of the SLH compound is favoured. Among the

• family of arylsulfonates. The first one exhibits, in ethanol solution, red emission with a maximum at 624 nm after excitation at 450 nm and the second one is water-soluble and characterized by a yellow-green emission with a maximum at 533 nm after excitation at 450 nm. These organic dyes can be combined

• (CH3COO)2·2H2O (ZnAc2, 98% purity) was purchased from Alfa Aesar, absolute ethanol (EtOH, 100% purity), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran (DCM, 98% purity) and trisodium 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate (HPTS, 97% purity) were purchased from Sigma

Features and advantages of flexible silicon nanowires for SERS applications

• Hrvoje Gebavi,
• Vlatko Gašparić,
• Dubravko Risović,
• Nikola Baran,
• Paweł Henryk Albrycht and
• Mile Ivanda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 725–734, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.72

• obtained in the previous step was obtained by the same sputtering system after different time durations (3, 5, 7, 16, 20 and 30 min). Afterwards, the ca. 3 × 3 mm2 squared samples were immersed in an ethanol solution of 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (4-MPBA) for several hours. The morphology of the

• solution in ethanol for several hours in order to allow for the formation of SAMs. After the incubation, the samples were washed with milliQ water and dried for 1 h. SERS spectra are presented in Figure 1. The full-range 4-MPBA SERS spectrum is shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4. The band

• of the substrate. The pH value of 100% ethanol is 7.33, while the water has a pH value equal to 7. Therefore, we do not expect a significant increase in SERS intensity due to the reorientation of 4-MPBA that could be ascribed to a small change of pH value (see the charge transfer and absorbance in

Deposition of metal particles onto semiconductor nanorods using an ionic liquid

• Michael D. Ballentine,
• Elizabeth G. Embry,
• Marco A. Garcia and
• Lawrence J. Hill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 718–724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.71

• afforded a mixture of platinum-decorated nanorods and additional platinum nanoparticles that were not attached to CdSe@CdS nanorods. For the platinum deposition conducted in toluene, the unattached platinum particles were removed by several dissolution and precipitation cycles using toluene and ethanol

Commercial polycarbonate track-etched membranes as substrates for low-cost optical sensors

• Paula Martínez-Pérez and
• Jaime García-Rupérez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 677–683, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.67

• experiments were performed by placing different concentrations of ethanol solution on the polycarbonate track-etched membranes. As a result, a sensitivity value of around 56 nm/RIU was obtained and the reusability of the substrate was demonstrated. These results pave the way for the development of optical

• infrared (NIR) region, optimized the material by placing a polished silicon surface under the PCTE membrane, and performed sensing experiments with different concentrations of ethanol. In this way, we have demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge that PCTE membranes are suitable for sensing RI

• sensing applications. To this end, we placed a 10 µL drop of pure ethanol on the area of the PCTE membrane illuminated by the light beam of the FTIR microscope and let it evaporate at room temperature. We recorded the spectrum of the sample before the deposition of the drop and during the evaporation

Ultrathin hydrophobic films based on the metal organic framework UiO-66-COOH(Zr)

• Miguel A. Andrés,
• Clemence Sicard,
• Christian Serre,
• Olivier Roubeau and
• Ignacio Gascón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 654–665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.65

• %) was used to prepare UiO-66-COOH(Zr) suspensions. Different concentrations were tested in the range 0.01–0.11 mg MOF·mL−1. Tetrahydrofuran (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥99.9%), ethanol (VWR, >99.8%) and methanol (Sigma-Aldrich, 99.8%) were also used to prepare bare MOF and mixed MOF/surfactant suspensions. The

Topochemical engineering of composite hybrid fibers using layered double hydroxides and abietic acid

• Liji Sobhana,
• Lokesh Kesavan,
• Jan Gustafsson and
• Pedro Fardim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 589–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.60

• , ethanol and diethyl ether. The reason for choosing AA was that it contains two more carbon atoms (C20H30O2) in its skeleton (19 C-chain) with cyclic structure and unsaturated π-bonds. Moreover, compared to stearic acid, abietic acid is less flammable, insoluble in water and denser than water, and has a

• nitrate hexahydrate Mg(NO3)2·6H2O, aluminium nitrate nonahydrate Al(NO3)3·9H2O, ethanol C2H5OH) and sodium carbonate were procured from Sigma-Aldrich. All these chemicals were used as received without any further purification. Methods The present work employed some protocols that were already tried out in

Biomimetic synthesis of Ag-coated glasswing butterfly arrays as ultra-sensitive SERS substrates for efficient trace detection of pesticides

• Guochao Shi,
• Mingli Wang,
• Yanying Zhu,
• Yuhong Wang,
• Xiaoya Yan,
• Xin Sun,
• Haijun Xu and
• Wanli Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 578–588, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.59

• as a high-throughput and efficient SERS substrate in the detection of acephate. After pre-treatment, 10 μL acephate ethanol solutions with different concentrations were adsorbed on the Ag-G.b.-20 SERS substrates, followed by SERS detection after drying. The Raman spectra of acephate obtained by Ag

• with the accepted ethical standards and were approved by the Ethical Review Board of Yanshan University on 15 January 2018. Crystal violet was supplied by Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province. Acephate and ethanol were of analytical grade and obtained from J&K

• prefabricated SERS substrates and let to dry at room temperature to achieve the adsorption of as many CV molecules as possible on the surface of the Ag nanofilms. The detection procedure of different concentrations of acephate (10−5 to 10−10 mg/mL, ethanol solution) was consistent with that of the CV solutions

Hydrophilicity and carbon chain length effects on the gas sensing properties of chemoresistive, self-assembled monolayer carbon nanotube sensors

• Juan Casanova-Cháfer,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Eduard Llobet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 565–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.58

• were most responsive to nitrogen dioxide and ethanol vapors, even in the presence of ambient humidity. In particular, this nanomaterial was about eight times more sensitive to nitrogen dioxide than bare Au-decorated carbon nanotubes when operated at room temperature. This response enhancement is

• candidates for integration into different types of transducers such as chemoresistors, resonant gravimetric or field effect devices, only to cite a few applications. Bare carbon nanotubes have been employed to detect gases such as nitrogen dioxide [7], ammonia [8], oxygen [9] or ethanol [10]. However

• semiconducting character before being integrated in gas sensing devices. In view of developing sensitive, fast-responding, low power consumption and more selective sensors towards nitrogen dioxide or ethanol, in this paper, we combine oxygen plasma treated, Au-decorated MWCNTs with different thiols (see Figure

Quantification and coupling of the electromagnetic and chemical contributions in surface-enhanced Raman scattering

• Yarong Su,
• Yuanzhen Shi,
• Ping Wang,
• Jinglei Du,
• Markus B. Raschke and
• Lin Pang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 549–556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.56

• details see Supporting Information File 1). The metal substrates were first submerged in 1 mM benzenethiol solution in ethanol for 2 h and then gently rinsed in ethanol for 1 min, followed by drying in nitrogen flow [24]. Raman spectroscopy was performed using a standard Raman microscope (HORIBA LabRAM HR

A porous 3D-RGO@MWCNT hybrid material as Li–S battery cathode

• Yongguang Zhang,
• Jun Ren,
• Yan Zhao,
• Taizhe Tan,
• Fuxing Yin and
• Yichao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 514–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.52

• min, sodium erythorbate was added to suspension B and heated in an oil bath for 2 h. The sodium erythorbate was removed by washing with DI water, while SiO2 was etched away by subsequent soaking in 10% HF for a week. Lastly, HF was also rinsed out with DI water and ethanol. After drying the compound

Reduced graphene oxide supported C₃N₄ nanoflakes and quantum dots as metal-free catalysts for visible light assisted CO₂ reduction

• Md Rakibuddin and
• Haekyoung Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 448–458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.44

• by the modified Hummers’ method [50]. The as-prepared GO (5 mg) and CN NF/QDs (95 mg) were dispersed in 100 mL ethanol, and the mixture was sonicated for 30 min to form a homogeneous suspension. After that, the suspension was transferred into a 90 mL Teflon-lined autoclave and heated at 190 °C for 2

Improving control of carbide-derived carbon microstructure by immobilization of a transition-metal catalyst within the shell of carbide/carbon core–shell structures

• Teguh Ariyanto,
• Jan Glaesel,
• Andreas Kern,
• Gui-Rong Zhang and
• Bastian J. M. Etzold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 419–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.41

• a defined amount of nickel chloride hexahydrate dissolved in 3 mL ethanol. The solution was homogenized by ultrasonication for 30 min. The solvent was evaporated, and the nickel chloride-loaded CDC-shell was dried in an oven at 60 °C overnight. The loading of nickel on CDC-shell (wt Ni/wt equivalent

A Ni(OH)₂ nanopetals network for high-performance supercapacitors synthesized by immersing Ni nanofoam in water

• Donghui Zheng,
• Man Li,
• Yongyan Li,
• Chunling Qin,
• Yichao Wang and
• Zhifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 281–293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.27

• an X-ray energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS) and a transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEOL JEM-2100). The preparation process of the TEM sample was as follows: Firstly, the active materials were scraped off with a knife. Then the materials were dispersed in ethanol with ultrasonic vibration

Thermal control of the defunctionalization of supported Au₂₅(glutathione)₁₈ catalysts for benzyl alcohol oxidation

• Zahraa Shahin,
• Hyewon Ji,
• Rodica Chiriac,
• Nadine Essayem,
• Franck Rataboul and
• Aude Demessence

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 228–237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.21

• air flow at a rate of 2 °C/min. All chemicals were used without further purification. All glassware were washed with aqua regia and rinsed with ethanol. Ultrapure water (18 MΩ) was used in all experiments. Characterization techniques Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) was carried out on a Bruker D8

• centrifugation (4000 rpm, 10 minutes) after the addition of small amounts of ethanol, and was followed by drying under air. Calcination Calcination was performed on Au25(SG)18@ZrO2. Around 100 mg of compounds were heated at 200 °C for 4 hours under air, 300 °C for 4 hours under air, and 400 °C for 12 hours under

Nanoporous water oxidation electrodes with a low loading of laser-deposited Ru/C exhibit enhanced corrosion stability

• Sandra Haschke,
• Dmitrii Pankin,
• Vladimir Mikhailovskii,
• Maïssa K. S. Barr,
• Adriana Both-Engel,
• Alina Manshina and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.15

• planar electrodes microscope cover glasses were ultrasonically cleaned with ethanol and water, then dried in a flow of nitrogen. In a next step, the slides were sputter-coated with approx. 700 nm of indium tin oxide (ITO) in radio frequency (RF) mode in a reactor from Torr International Inc. The

• perchloric acid/ethanol solution (1:3 v/v HClO4/EtOH) for 5 min under +20 V represented the first process step. They were then rinsed, cooled and anodized under +195 V for 23 h at 0 °C in 1 wt % H3PO4. In the following, the anodized plates were exposed to a chromic acid solution (0.18 M CrO3 in 6 wt % H3PO4

pH-mediated control over the mesostructure of ordered mesoporous materials templated by polyion complex micelles

• Emilie Molina,
• Mélody Mathonnat,
• Jason Richard,
• Patrick Lacroix-Desmazes,
• Martin In,
• Philippe Dieudonné,
• Thomas Cacciaguerra,
• Corine Gérardin and
• Nathalie Marcotte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.14

• Mn = 5000 g·mol−1, CuBr 98%, 1,1,1,7,10,10-hexamethyltriethylenetetramine 97%, trifluoroacetic acid 99%, triethylamine 99%, 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide 98%, absolute ethanol, toluene 99.8%, THF 99.9%, acetone 99.5%, diethyl ether 99.5%, glacial acetic acid, dichloromethane, pentane, sodium chloride

• mixture at pH 4.5 and short-range ordered worm-like/lamellar mixture vs purely lamellar at pH 6.5): the different silica condensation rates, the different quantities of ethanol released upon TEOS hydrolysis and their influence on the polymer solubility, and the amounts of water contained in both the

Wet chemistry route for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles for gas sensing

• Hussam M. Elnabawy,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Badawi Anis,
• Mostafa Fedawy,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Ahmed S. G. Khalil,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Xavier Vilanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 105–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.10

• %) Sulfuric acid, J. T. Baker (H2SO4 95–97%) Conductive silver paste, Sigma-Aldrich Methanol, Scharlau (CH3OH 99.9%) Ethanol, Scharlau (C2H5OH 96% extra pure and 99.5% absolute) Acetone, Scharlau (C3H6O 99.5%) Dimethylformamide (DMF), Alfa Aesar (C3H7NO 99.8%) Iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate, Sigma-Aldrich (Fe

• , ethanol, acetone and DMF, as well as different amounts of salt (with ratios 1:1, 1:1.3 and 1:1.5 for CNT/Fe weights) were tested to check the effect of both parameters in the effectiveness of the decoration. The mixtures were stirred using a magnetic stirrer for 60 minutes. In a first attempt, the

• order to ensure the homogeneity. The chemical composition was then evaluated by using CASA XPS software. TEM images were collected using a JEOL 1011 transmission electron microscope operating at 100 kV. The samples were dispersed in ethanol and a drop of resultant suspension was poured on carbon-coated