Imaging of viscoelastic soft matter with small indentation using higher eigenmodes in single-eigenmode amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy

• Miead Nikfarjam,
• Enrique A. López-Guerra,
• Santiago D. Solares and
• Babak Eslami

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1116–1122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.103

• Gn and τn used in the simulations were digitalized from the data provided by Brinson and Brinson [17], who obtained the values by fitting the experimental data of Catsiff and Tobolsky [22]. The digitalized values are summarized in Table 1. The plot for these values is also provided in Supporting File

P3HT:PCBM blend films phase diagram on the base of variable-temperature spectroscopic ellipsometry

• Barbara Hajduk,
• Henryk Bednarski,
• Bożena Jarząbek,
• Henryk Janeczek and
• Paweł Nitschke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1108–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.102

• optical model parametrizes the spectral dependence of the refractive index n and the extinction coefficient k on the wavelength λ by the following relations: where the temperature-dependent parameters ni and ki, with i = 0, 1 and 2, are the model (fitting) parameters and the coefficients C0 and C1 are the

• a function of the temperature for P3HT, PCBM and P3HT:PCBM (1:1) blend films are shown. At each measured temperature T the thickness was determined by fitting the Cauchy optical model to the experimental data using the SpectraRay 3 software from SENTECH Instruments. For comparison, we have also

A simple extension of the commonly used fitting equation for oscillatory structural forces in case of silica nanoparticle suspensions

• Sebastian Schön and
• Regine von Klitzing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1095–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.101

• suspensions measured with a colloidal probe AFM. Using the simple fitting procedure with three parameters often leads to underestimation of actually measured forces. The deviation of the fit from the experimental data is especially pronounced at small distances of the confining surfaces and at high

• fitting parameters in the system studied here. Keywords: confinement; depletion; fitting; silica nanoparticles; structural forces; Introduction Oscillatory structural forces are a genuine feature observed for simple and complex fluids in the vicinity of smooth surfaces [1][2]. Due to the ubiquitous

• into the fit leads to a poor fit of the experimental data at larger separations. It has been noted also, that amplitude A and decay length ξ vary strongly depending on the exact starting point of the fit. In this work, we focus on the dependence of the three fitting parameters A, ξ and λ with respect

Room-temperature single-photon emitters in titanium dioxide optical defects

• Kelvin Chung,
• Yu H. Leung,
• Chap H. To,
• Aleksandra B. Djurišić and
• Snjezana Tomljenovic-Hanic

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1085–1094, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.100

• in the HBT setup. For D1, a three-level model was chosen to fit normalised g(2) data. It has the form [6][58]: g(2)(τ) = A − B·exp(−κ21)τ + C·exp(−κ23/31)τ, where A, B and C are fitting coefficients. The excited state and non-radiative decay rates are represented by κ21 and κ23/31, respectively. An

• linear fits omit the pump powers of 99 and 148 μW due to their poor statistics, there was a large variance in the correlation data away from the centre of the antibunching dip. A moving average filter was applied to the data to obtain a smooth response to assist with the fitting, without success

An implementation of spin–orbit coupling for band structure calculations with Gaussian basis sets: Two-dimensional topological crystals of Sb and Bi

• Sahar Pakdel,
• Mahdi Pourfath and
• J. J. Palacios

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1015–1023, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.94

• fitting multiplicative factor to effectively model the SOC effect. Importantly, despite the fact that we are dealing with different types of orbitals of different shells, only a single parameter is needed since the relative values of the matrix elements are properly captured. As possibly relevant examples

Automated image segmentation-assisted flattening of atomic force microscopy images

• Yuliang Wang,
• Tongda Lu,
• Xiaolai Li and
• Huimin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 975–985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.91

• -based polynomial fitting was proposed to process images with complex background trends. The working principle of the two-step image flattening scheme were presented, followed by the investigation of the influence of a sliding-window size and polynomial fitting direction on the flattened images

• . Additionally, the role of image flattening on the morphological characterization and segmentation of AFM images were verified with the proposed method. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; contour expansion; image flattening; polynomial fitting; sliding window; Introduction Since its invention, the atomic

• required prior to analysis. In AFM image flattening, individual scan lines are fitted as polynomial curves with the least-square method [29]. The obtained polynomial curves are then subtracted from AFM scan lines to get flattened images. The direct polynomial fitting can cause stripe-type artifacts

Electro-optical interfacial effects on a graphene/π-conjugated organic semiconductor hybrid system

• Karolline A. S. Araujo,
• Luiz A. Cury,
• Matheus J. S. Matos,
• Thales F. D. Fernandes,
• Luiz G. Cançado and
• Bernardo R. A. Neves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 963–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.90

• these plots) and Table 1 shows the respective fitting parameters. Considering, initially, parameter α in Table 1, which is related to the geometric capacitance and dielectric constant, there is no significant variation, as expected, since the geometric capacitance should remain the same. The minor

• of RA molecules. For a better visualization, the inset at the top left shows the superposition of the G band obtained for both cases. The Raman mode at ≈1570 cm−1 originates from C=C RA molecule bond. Fitting parameters of Equation 2 for the experimental data in Figure 4c–e. The error values from the

• fitting analysis are shown in the first line of the table. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 66: Supporting Information File 1 contains morphological characterization of retinoic acid deposited on different substrates; morphological and electrical characterization of graphite microplate

Cyclodextrin inhibits zinc corrosion by destabilizing point defect formation in the oxide layer

• Abdulrahman Altin,
• Maciej Krzywiecki,
• Adnan Sarfraz,
• Cigdem Toparli,
• Claudius Laska,
• Philipp Kerger,
• Aleksandar Zeradjanin,
• Karl J. J. Mayrhofer,
• Michael Rohwerder and
• Andreas Erbe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 936–944, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.86

• potential in a frequency range from 104 to 10−1 Hz. The impedance spectra were fitted using the software ZView. The resulting impedance spectra and the equivalent circuit for data fitting are shown in Figure S2 (Supporting Information File 1). From EIS data, the corrosion current densities icorr were

• estimated as given on page 48 of [16] as from the area-normalized polarization resistance Rp. The latter was determined from fitting the EIS data. The inhibition efficiency η was calculated as from the corrosion current densities and recorded in the presence and absence of the inhibitor β-CD, respectively

Effect of annealing treatments on CeO₂ grown on TiN and Si substrates by atomic layer deposition

• Silvia Vangelista,
• Rossella Piagge,
• Satu Ek and
• Alessio Lamperti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 890–899, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.83

• atmosphere by using a graphite dome. Thickness, interface and surface roughness, and electronic density have been determined by data fitting using the MAUD software program [24]. MAUD has also been used for Rietveld refinement of GIXRD patterns, allowing to determine CeO2 cell parameter and crystallite size

• at 600 °C during diffraction acquisition in N2 atmosphere for CeO2/TiN and annealed at 900 °C during diffraction acquisition in N2 atmosphere for CeO2/Si). XRR data are resumed in Figure 1a for CeO2/TiN and Figure 1b for CeO2/Si. By fitting the XRR profiles of the as-deposited samples and the samples

• comparing the XRR profiles of the as-deposited samples with those annealed at high temperatures, we obtained different results, as shown by the fitting parameters reported in Table 1. In particular, we deduced an evolution of the composition of TiN, correctly simulated in a two-layer model, where the

Comparative study of antibacterial properties of polystyrene films with TiO_x and Cu nanoparticles fabricated using cluster beam technique

• Vladimir N. Popok,
• Cesarino M. Jeppesen,
• Peter Fojan,
• Anna Kuzminova,
• Jan Hanuš and
• Ondřej Kylián

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 861–869, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.80

• performed using CASA XPS software. For the Ti 2p peak fitting the procedure described in [23] is applied. The Ti 2p3/2 and Ti 2p1/2 are fitted with four separate peaks that correspond to metallic Ti and three titanium oxides Ti(II), Ti(III) and Ti(IV). Metallic Ti is fitted by Lorentzian asymmetric peak in

Towards the third dimension in direct electron beam writing of silver

• Katja Höflich,
• Jakub Mateusz Jurczyk,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Maximilian Götz,
• Luisa Berger,
• Carlos Guerra-Nuñez,
• Caspar Haverkamp,
• Iwona Szymanska and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 842–849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.78

• carbon-based fragments of the precursor molecules. The intensity ratios between the D and G bands (ID/IG) were evaluated using a Lorentzian peak fitting, which suggests the formation of nanocrystalline graphite clusters within a disordered carbon matrix in both deposits [30]. The Raman measurements

Facile synthesis of a ZnO–BiOI p–n nano-heterojunction with excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Mengyuan Zhang,
• Jiaqian Qin,
• Pengfei Yu,
• Bing Zhang,
• Mingzhen Ma,
• Xinyu Zhang and
• Riping Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 789–800, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.72

• shows the physical color of the samples. (b) The plot of (αhν)2 vs photon energy (hν). Photocatalytic activity under visible light illumination. (a) The rhodamine B (RhB) solution degradation of the as-prepared samples with sample with no catalyst and P25 as comparison. (b) The linear fitting of the

Surface-plasmon-enhanced ultraviolet emission of Au-decorated ZnO structures for gas sensing and photocatalytic devices

• T. Anh Thu Do,
• Truong Giang Ho,
• Thu Hoai Bui,
• Quang Ngan Pham,
• Hong Thai Giang,
• Thi Thu Do,
• Duc Van Nguyen and
• Dai Lam Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 771–779, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.70

• insightful information for depicting the fast charge carriers as well as to elucidate the mechanism of charge transfer, TRPL spectra were recorded at room temperature for all samples (Figure 3d). The fast decay time (fast and slow), as extracted by fitting the bi-exponential curve at the 385 nm emission peak

Synthesis and characterization of two new TiO₂-containing benzothiazole-based imine composites for organic device applications

• Anna Różycka,
• Agnieszka Iwan,
• Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz,
• Michal Filapek,
• Natalia Górska,
• Damian Pociecha,
• Marek Malinowski,
• Patryk Fryń,
• Agnieszka Hreniak,
• Jakub Rysz,
• Paweł Dąbczyński and
• Monika Marzec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 721–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.67

• fitting. Temperature evolution of the FTIR spectrum of SP1 imine obtained during heating in two spectral ranges: 1200–650 cm−1 (a) and between 1780–1220 cm−1 (b). Temperature evolution of the FT-MIR spectrum of SP2 imine obtained during heating between: (a) 3080 and 2800 cm−1 (left) and temperature

Perovskite-structured CaTiO₃ coupled with g-C₃N₄ as a heterojunction photocatalyst for organic pollutant degradation

• Ashish Kumar,
• Christian Schuerings,
• Suneel Kumar,
• Ajay Kumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 671–685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.62

• , visible and sunlight). To demonstrate the photocatalytic performance of the as-prepared catalysts more precisely, the kinetics of the photodegradation of RhB aqueous solutions was studied by fitting the obtained degradation results to a pseudo-first-order reaction model [54][55] and modified Freundlich

• corresponding linear regression coefficients (R2). The kinetic plots obtained by fitting the experimental data to the modified Freundlich model are presented in Figure 10d–f. The calculated k and R2 values are provided in Table S2 in Supporting Information File 1. From the analysis of the kinetic plots and

Tuning adhesion forces between functionalized gold colloidal nanoparticles and silicon AFM tips: role of ligands and capillary forces

• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Marta Berholts,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 660–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.61

• NPs with diameters below 20 nm. Logarithm of the adhesion between silicon tip and functionalized Au NPs deposited on silicon wafer measured with Peakforce QNM AFM, versus NPs diameters: red circles –OCH3, black diamonds –CH3. Fitting parameter R² is approx. 0.80 for both groups. Adhesion forces

Electron interactions with the heteronuclear carbonyl precursor H₂FeRu₃(CO)₁₃ and comparison with HFeCo₃(CO)₁₂: from fundamental gas phase and surface science studies to focused electron beam induced deposition

• Ragesh Kumar T P,
• Paul Weirich,
• Lukas Hrachowina,
• Marc Hanefeld,
• Ragnar Bjornsson,
• Helgi Rafn Hrodmarsson,
• Sven Barth,
• D. Howard Fairbrother,
• Michael Huth and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 555–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.53

• of the Fe 2p peaks. In the Ru 3d/C 1s region, the spectral envelope can be fit with three peaks prior to electron irradiation (fitting can be seen in Figure S2, Supporting Information File 1). Peaks at 286.2 eV and 282.2 eV correspond to the Ru 3d3/2 and Ru 3d5/2 transitions respectively, while

• low intensity. Upon electron irradiation, the Ru 3d3/2 and Ru 3d5/2 peak positions shift measurably towards a lower binding energy, and the CO peak decreases in intensity. Spectral fitting of the Ru 3d/C 1s XPS region measured after an electron irradiation of a dose of 1.4 × 1018 e−/cm2 reveals an

Single-step process to improve the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube yarn

• Maria Cecilia Evora,
• Xinyi Lu,
• Nitilaksha Hiremath,
• Nam-Goo Kang,
• Kunlun Hong,
• Roberto Uribe,
• Gajanan Bhat and
• Jimmy Mays

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 545–554, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.52

• due to the presence of amorphous carbon. Carbon atoms can be sputtered from the outer shell under irradiation and recombine. Fitting of all spectra was achieved with Lorentzian peaks and the ID/IG ratio was calculated for each sample. ID/IG increases with an increase in the number of defects on the

Colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles for label-free colorimetric sensing of ammonia in aqueous solutions

• Alessandro Buccolieri,
• Antonio Serra,
• Gabriele Giancane and
• Daniela Manno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 499–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.48

• experimental points are arranged along a straight line also in the log–log plot of Figure 7a and Figure 7c. The fitting allows us to determine the values of H and p reported in Table 3. The addition of small amounts of ammonia (up to 0.5 ppm) catalyse the formation of nanoparticles less rapidly and with less

Facile synthesis of ZnFe₂O₄ photocatalysts for decolourization of organic dyes under solar irradiation

• Arjun Behera,
• Debasmita Kandi,
• Sanjit Manohar Majhi,
• Satyabadi Martha and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 436–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.42

• Rh B over ZFO-500. Adsorption spectra of the phenol solution before and after photodegradation over ZFO-500. Formation of luminescent 2-hydroxyterephthalic acid from terephthalic acid. First-order fitting results of Congo red decolourization over ZFO samples. Zero-order fitting parameters of Rh B

Dynamic behavior of nematic liquid crystal mixtures with quantum dots in electric fields

• Emil Petrescu,
• Cristina Cirtoaje and
• Octavian Danila

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 399–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.39

• , R = 3 nm and cv = 1.16% (volumetric fraction). Therefore, we obtain for the sample containing QDs, the experimental relaxation time τon−exp = 0.167 s when the field is switched on and τoff−exp = 0.139 s when the field is switched off. By fitting the data of the 5CB sample, we obtained a relaxation

Electron interaction with copper(II) carboxylate compounds

• Michal Lacko,
• Peter Papp,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Edward Szłyk and
• Štefan Matejčík

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 384–398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.38

• of the corresponding ion formation by a fitting procedure using a modified Wannier law [55]. This value then represents an ionization potential or appearance energy of electron ionization or dissociative ionization respectively. where b represent background, AE represent appearance (or ionization

• ) energy, ε is electron energy and a, d are independent fitting parameters. Calibration of the electron energy has been carried out by measurement of the ionization potential of Ar atoms and calibration to its known value 15.76 eV [56] and with reference to the maximum of the electron attachment resonance

Photocatalytic and adsorption properties of TiO₂-pillared montmorillonite obtained by hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes

• Mikhail F. Butman,
• Nikolay L. Ovchinnikov,
• Nikita S. Karasev,
• Nataliya E. Kochkina,
• Alexander V. Agafonov and
• Alexandr V. Vinogradov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 364–378, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.36

• concentration of sorbate [49]. Figure 9 represents the isotherms of MO and RhB adsorption on TiO2-PMM500 (Figure 9a) and TiO2-PMMH500 (Figure 9b), which are related an adsorption model fitting the experimental data in the most appropriate way. Thereby, the hydrothermal treatment does not significantly influence

The nanofluidic confinement apparatus: studying confinement-dependent nanoparticle behavior and diffusion

• Stefan Fringes,
• Felix Holzner and
• Armin W. Knoll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 301–310, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.30

• significantly contribute to the results. Particle localization Radial symmetry-based tracking was used to identify the central lateral position of the nanosphere. This tracking algorithm yields similar accuracies compared to Gaussian fitting, is fast in execution, and detects any radially symmetric intensity

Synthesis and characterization of electrospun molybdenum dioxide–carbon nanofibers as sulfur matrix additives for rechargeable lithium–sulfur battery applications

• Ruiyuan Zhuang,
• Shanshan Yao,
• Maoxiang Jing,
• Xiangqian Shen,
• Jun Xiang,
• Tianbao Li,
• Kesong Xiao and
• Shibiao Qin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 262–270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.28

• steep sloping line in the low-frequency region, corresponding to the Warburg impedance, was represented by W0. The fitting results are listed in Table 4. Obviously, the S/MoO2–CNF cathodes possessed lower charge transfer resistance than pure sulfur cathodes, indicating better charge transfer between the