Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• , we observed a very small number of NPs and higher agglomeration than on APDMES (Figure 6E,F,K,L). Like on APDMES, PEG AuNPs are less uniformly distributed than dimanno-AuNPs. The differences are likely due to the delicate balance between capillary flow and surface interactions. The flow is likely the

• evaporated under nitrogen flow. The VSFG experiments were achieved under dry air flushing at room temperature (24 °C) at four different center frequencies to measure the complete CH and OH stretching region in the broadband infrared. The tunable infrared laser produced femtosecond pulses of ca. 5.5 mW (at

• negative staining, 0.35 µL of dimanno-AuNPs (1.9 × 1013 particles/mL) were deposited on glow-discharged carbon TEM grids (air flow, 20 mA, 4 min). Then, 0.35 µL uranyl acetate (0.5% w/w) was deposited and dried on the sample. AFM imaging AFM topography images were recorded with an Agilent 5500 AFM

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• transparency, a “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses” (PRISMA) flow diagram (Figure 1) is provided to describe the article selection process. 3 Vulnerability of Himalayan lake ecosystems to microplastic pollution This section presents the environmental setting and vulnerability

• widely used to simulate groundwater flow and contaminant transport processes [20]. Such models have been adapted to cold mountain environments by adding glacier-fed recharge zones, freeze–thaw processes in soils, and topography-induced flow [21]. Semi-distributed models such as SWAT and MIKE SHE have

• also been used regarding Himalayan catchments to simulate subsurface flow and contaminant loading under varying climate and land use scenarios [22]. The models can be used to simulate MP transport in high-altitude lake basins, although particle-bound adaptations are under development. The melting of

Electron transport through nanoscale multilayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride junctions

• Aleksandar Staykov and
• Takaya Fujisaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2132–2143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.147

• . The current is computed for biases in range between 0.0 and 1.0 V with steps of 0.2 V. The computed current for one layer in the Pt/graphene/Pt junction and one layer in the Pt/h-BN/Pt junction is 2.6·10−4 A for 1.0 V of applied bias. The results are identical and, for one layer, the current flow

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• strain, offering critical information about viscosity, flow characteristics, and structural stability. According to the proposed QTPP, a higher viscosity with pseudoplastic (shear-thinning) behavior is preferred for topical formulations, as it ensures ease application and good retention on the skin

• shown in Figure 10A, the base ME demonstrated Newtonian behavior, with viscosity remaining constant regardless of shear rate or temperature. This is consistent with microemulsions that possess globular or discontinuous droplet structures, which typically exhibit Newtonian flow characteristics [50][51

• , Agilent – Santa Clara, USA) coupled with a mass spectrometer (5977B GC/MSD, Agilent – Santa Clara, USA). Prior to injection, samples were dissolved in 1 mL of n-heptane. The GC system operated with helium as the carrier gas at a flow rate of 1 mL·min−1. The injection and detection temperatures were set at

Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• at room temperature (25 °C) for 30 min under Ar flow. Then the reaction medium was started to be heated and when the reaction medium reached 160 °C, freshly prepared 1-DDT (0.52 mL) and t-DDT (3.52 mL) mixture was rapidly injected into the hot reaction medium under vigorous stirring. The synthesis

Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy

• Sebastian Polarz,
• Yasar Krysiak,
• Martin Wessig and
• Florian Kuhlmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140

• the behavior of chiral guests inside chiral porous host materials and correlate the ESR results to chromatography phenomena, it is important to emphasize that the spectra were recorded under static conditions. In contrast, HPLC operates under dynamic flow using analyte mixtures. Neighboring group

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• optimal core formulation (1% w/w HA, 2% w/w NE) and process parameters (17 kV applied voltage, 6.25 flow rate ratio (0.04 mL/h inner; 0.25 mL/h outer), 12 cm needle-to-collector distance). These conditions provided highly uniform fibers with an average diameter of 439 ± 100 nm, notably 37% larger than

• process variables, such as high voltage, flow rate, and the distance from the Taylor cone to the collector, which significantly impacts nanofiber morphology [17]. Furthermore, selection of the material to be electrospun is crucial, requiring control over key attributes such as molecular weight, polymer

• composition on fiber formation by analyzing the concentrations of the core components and the process flow rate as variables. It was observed that the concentration of NE-βCp in the core had a significant impact on fiber morphology, as illustrated in Figure 2. The presence of NE-βCp led to an increase in the

Quantum circuits with SINIS structures

• Mikhail Tarasov,
• Mikhail Fominskii,
• Aleksandra Gunbina,
• Artem Krasilnikov,
• Maria Mansfeld,
• Dmitrii Kukushkin,
• Andrei Maruhno,
• Valeria Ievleva,
• Mikhail Strelkov,
• Daniil Zhogov,
• Konstantin Arutyunov,
• Vyacheslav Vdovin,
• Vladislav Stolyarov and
• Valerian Edelman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1931–1941, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.134

• (exceeding the value of Δ − eV) move from the metal to the superconductor, and those with lower energy remain in the normal metal. As a result, a heat flow arises from the normal metal (P is the power of electron cooling) [26]: where Q is the total power released in the superconductor, IV is the Joule heat

PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation

• Peiyang Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133

• . Intravenous administration of aEGFR-LNPs at 0.4 mg·kg−1 in pregnant mice resulted in a nearly twofold increase in mRNA expression in placentas compared to antibody-free LNPs, without detectable fetal transfer. Flow cytometry also confirmed a twofold increase in aEGFR-LNP uptake in EGFR+ trophoblasts and

Programmable soliton dynamics in all-Josephson-junction logic cells and networks

• Vsevolod I. Ruzhickiy,
• Anastasia A. Maksimovskaya,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.131

• can be achieved through alternative means, such as by creating a local mismatch in the damping parameter, for instance, by increasing α from 1 to 3 for one of the series junctions instead of the critical current. The ability to enforce a specific direction of soliton flow makes the soliton diode an

• mechanism would depend on the incorporation of KICKs into specific segments of these all-JJTLs. By programming each KICK to be in either its Open mode (transmitting) or Close mode (blocking), one could control the flow of solitons through the network and define a unique path from any input to any output. To

• functionality would be predicated on the synergistic action of its core components. First, KICKs integrated into the line segments would act as programmable switches controlling the signal flow. Second, the directionality of soliton propagation would be rigorously enforced by integrated soliton diodes. Thus

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• , which may be due to the fact that the aptamer was not modified and was easily degraded by nucleases. The cytotoxicity of Te4 to TE-1 and HEEC cells showed no potential as a therapeutic agent for EC alone. In addition, Te4 target has been identified as a membrane protein only by flow cytometry, and the

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• Technologies, USA). The column used was a SP®-2560 capillary GC column (100 m × 0.25 mm × 0.20 µm) (Supelco). The injector temperature was maintained at 230 °C, with helium (He) serving as the carrier gas at a flow rate of 1 mL·min−1. The oven temperature was programmed to increase from 150 to 300 °C at a rate

• Thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses of LO (20.5 mg) were performed using a Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer (STA) 449 F3 Jupiter (NETZSCH, Germany). The samples were scanned from 25 to 700 °C at a heating rate of 10 K·min−1 under a nitrogen (N2) atmosphere with a flow rate of 50

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• mode): In a second experiment, 200 µs pulses of C2H4 were introduced into a 10 sccm O2 flow over a polycrystalline Pd catalyst at 365 °C with a repetition rate of 10 Hz and a total pressure of 3.7 × 10−3 mbar (the local pressure at the sample surface is much higher). The resulting APXP spectra shown in

• reaction cell was designed to replicate commercial ALD conditions, including independent pulsing of precursor gases, laminar flow across the sample, and substrate heating. The setup allows for independent control of precursor and co-reactant exposure and supports a variety of chemistries [60]. ALD is a key

• provides unique insight into surface reactions, charge transfer, and interface stability, which are central to the performance and degradation mechanisms of electrochemical systems. Electrochemical interfaces can be studied by APXPS using two primary cell types, namely, membrane-based flow cells and “dip

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• CXCL9/10 expression in Schwann cells [114]. Particle size and stability of the formulation in the patent were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The nanoparticles demonstrated enhanced uptake in HepG2 cells, as confirmed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, and achieved a

• editing efficiency, MTT assay, and flow cytometry tests were carried out to observe the therapeutic activity of the technology. The results demonstrated that the nanoparticles increased targeting and internalization, had a knockout rate of 80%, and exhibited better inhibition of HepG2 cell proliferation

Bioinspired polypropylene-based functionally graded materials and metamaterials modeling the mistletoe–host interface

• Lina M. Rojas González,
• Naeim Ghavidelnia,
• Christoph Eberl and
• Max D. Mylo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1592–1606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.113

• flow rate of 12 g/10 min and an indicated modulus of 1400 MPa and glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene MP2000 (hereafter abbreviated as PPGF) with 25% glass fiber content, a melt flow rate of 16 g/10 min and an indicated modulus of 4000 MPa (both LyondellBasell, Rotterdam, Netherlands). The reported

• produced. It can be seen that unidirectional and bidirectional gradients can be produced with a straight or V-shaped material interface present. However, it is apparent that, as the glass fiber content decreases, the polymer flow increases (Figure 3C, bottom and top part) [40], resulting in less clearly

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• % acetic acid in ultrapure water, with a flow rate set at 1.0 mL·min−1 and an injection volume of 10 μL. Every hour, 0.2 mL of OFL solution was sampled. The photocurrent was tested using a three-electrode system on an electrochemical workstation (CHI600E, Shanghai Chenhua), in which the carbon cloth (2 cm

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• another layer of complexity. Looking ahead, in addition to overcoming the limitations of active degradation materials, innovative encapsulation technologies that can actively control or even electrically manipulate fluid transport, such as through directional flow or on-demand pumping, represent a

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• comprehensive understanding of the process flow, from the laser-induced ejection of material into the gas phase, through its processing and movement in the plume, to its eventual deposition onto a substrate. Figure 1 shows key developments in thin film synthesis and laser-based processing from 1909 to 2025

• used to deposit photoresist films for microelectronic manufacturing, where understanding the interaction between liquid flow and mass transfer during the process became crucial as device sizes decreased. A one-dimensional model of spin coating was developed to describe film thinning due to both

• convective outflow and solvent evaporation, highlighting the formation of a solid “skin” at the surface, which could lead to defects if convective flow ceases too late [101]. By 2009, spin coating had become the dominant technique for producing uniform thin films of photosensitive organic materials, with

Automated collection and categorisation of STM images and STS spectra with and without machine learning

• Dylan Stewart Barker and
• Adam Sweetman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1367–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.99

• would be improved by using the proposed method of classifying the tip based on a spectrum taken over the bare surface, such that the script would only take molecular spectra using probes which have been classified as “good” based on the surface state spectra. An example flow diagram with data taken

• deviation is shown in shaded purple. Example flow of an automated spectroscopy experiment taken over various SnPc molecules on the Au(111) surface. (a) An initial I(z) measurement is taken, where an exponential dependence is observed and so moves onto imaging, (b). The tip is then classified to be “good

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

Acrocomia aculeata oil-loaded nanoemulsion: development, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity evaluation

• Verónica Bautista-Robles,
• Hady Keita,
• Edgar Julián Paredes Gamero,
• Layna Tayná Brito Leite,
• Jessica de Araújo Isaías Muller,
• Mônica Cristina Toffoli Kadri,
• Ariadna Lafourcade Prada and
• Jesús Rafael Rodríguez Amado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1277–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.93

• column with a 0.25 mm thick layer (66DB-5MS, Agilent Technologies, USA) was used as the stationary phase. Helium gas was used as carrier gas at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with a split ratio of 1:10. The injector temperature was set to 250 °C. The oven temperature was set to 130 °C for 10 min and then

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• nanogels showed responsiveness to pH and temperature variation. In an ex vivo test performed with rat skin, the nanogel activated by sodium carbonate revealed a significantly higher release of naproxen into the epidermis, with a 2.8-fold increase in the steady flow of the drug. A 50% reduction in the

• the tumor with leakage permeable to blood flow due to disordered endothelial cell layers. This cellular organization of the vasculature with increased permeability allows increased uptake of nanoparticles by endocytosis and, consequently, increased cytotoxic effect of antineoplastic drugs. Thus, with

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• ± 10 nm after ps-LAL in acetone. As in their work different pulse energies were applied (88 µJ vs 150 µJ in our work) and a different setup was utilized (flow-through chamber vs semi-batch chamber in our work), it is likely that in our case the ablation process happens under harsher conditions. The

• difference in pulse energies possibly leads to stronger spallation [50][83] and thereby result in larger HEA NPs. Further, we cannot exclude that ripening processes occur in the semi-batch chamber utilized in this work, which would be less likely for the flow-through chamber used by Waag et al., as here the

Influence of ion beam current on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO₂ coatings: ion beam-assisted vs conventional electron beam evaporation

• Agata Obstarczyk and
• Urszula Wawrzaszek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1097–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.81

• crucible. Diffusion and a rotary backing pumps enabled a base pressure in the vacuum chamber below 1.5·10−5 mbar. The operating pressure in the IBAD process was kept below 1.7·10−3 mbar, and the thin film coatings were deposited with an additional oxygen gas flow of 100 sccm. The ion beam gun (Advanced

• anatase and rutile phases, prepared by magnetron sputtering using continuous and pulsed gas flow processes were 0.17 and 0.24 eV, respectively. It was found that the lower value of Eu was obtained for the anatase thin film, which was directly related to the much more ordered structure of this layer, as