Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems

• Hsuan-Ang Tsai,
• Tsai-Miao Shih,
• Theodore Tsai,
• Jhe-Wei Hu,
• Yi-An Lai,
• Jui-Fu Hsiao and
• Guochuan Emil Tsai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42

• Millipore) and 0.1% of trifluoroacetic acid (Merck Millipore), and the mobile phase B was comprised of deionized water and 0.1% of trifluoroacetic acid. The gradient of mobile phases was set with a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The temperature of the autosampler was set at 4 °C, and the injection volume was 5 µL

Modulated critical currents of spin-transfer torque-induced resistance changes in NiCu/Cu multilayered nanowires

• Mengqi Fu,
• Roman Hartmann,
• Julian Braun,
• Sergej Andreev,
• Torsten Pietsch and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 360–366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.32

• mV) added to a DC bias voltage at a frequency of 4531 Hz. A four-point measurement was used to exclude the effects of the cabling. A positive current is defined such that the electrons flow from the top electrode to the bottom electrode. A magnetic field was applied perpendicular to the nanowires

Controllable physicochemical properties of WO_x thin films grown under glancing angle

• Rupam Mandal,
• Aparajita Mandal,
• Alapan Dutta,
• Rengasamy Sivakumar,
• Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31

• ultrapure Ar gas (99.99%) using a mass flow controller at 30 sccm flow rate. The substrate holder was kept 12.5 cm away from the target at a glancing angle of 87° and 50 W rf power (Advanced Energy) was applied to the target, keeping the substrate holder grounded. Pre-sputtering was carried out for a

Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• directly compare the laboratory-produced samples with the E171 A–E samples, we re-measured the SSA using a similar method at Precheza, namely (i) sample degassing for 3 h at 105 °C under gaseous nitrogen (Flow Degasser, Quantachrome) and (ii) multipoint determination (5 points, NOVA 400e, Quantachrome) in

Ion beam processing of DNA origami nanostructures

• Leo Sala,
• Agnes Zerolová,
• Violaine Vizcaino,
• Alain Mery,
• Alicja Domaracka,
• Hermann Rothard,
• Philippe Boduch,
• Dominik Pinkas and
• Jaroslav Kocišek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 207–214, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.20

• this, we reverted to AFM to check on the sample damage. An AFM scan of one of the etched areas is shown in Figure 3. The nanostructures around the FIB-etched line remain intact. A ∼8 nm high rim is also formed, which is typical for ion irradiation due to the melt flow pushing some material outward of

In situ optical sub-wavelength thickness control of porous anodic aluminum oxide

• Aleksandrs Dutovs,
• Raimonds Popļausks,
• Oskars Putāns,
• Vladislavs Perkanuks,
• Aušrinė Jurkevičiūtė,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Uldis Malinovskis,
• Iryna Olyshevets,
• Donats Erts and
• Juris Prikulis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 126–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.12

• heating, electrolyte flow [19], arrangement of the electrodes, and crystallographic orientation of the aluminum substrate [20]. In this work, we continuously recorded the reflectance spectra from a PAAO-coated aluminum surface during anodization. In a similar reflective interference spectroscopy (RIfS

• other anodization voltages. The current flow through the Pt cathode could be established or interrupted automatically through a relay switch triggered by the thickness measurement software upon reaching the predefined threshold value. The anode current was monitored using a current-to-voltage (I/U

Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency

• Le Thi Le,
• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Liem Thanh Nguyen,
• Huy Quang Tran and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7

• (Nano NC, Korea) to generate a 15 kV voltage for the electrospinning process. By using a microinfusion pump, the flow rate of the solution through the needle was maintained at 1.0 mL/h. The distance between the needle tip and the roller collector was fixed at 18 cm. The electrospinning process was

Josephson dynamics and Shapiro steps at high transmissions: current bias regime

• Artem V. Galaktionov and
• Andrei D. Zaikin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 51–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.5

• T → 0 can flow across the junction. The situation becomes entirely different provided one goes beyond the tunneling limit and considers highly transparent superconducting weak links in which case the charge transfer is essentially controlled by the mechanism of multiple Andreev reflection [2]. This

Measurements of dichroic bow-tie antenna arrays with integrated cold-electron bolometers using YBCO oscillators

• Leonid S. Revin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Viktor O. Zbrozhek,
• Andrey V. Samartsev,
• Anastasia N. Orlova,
• Dmitry V. Masterov,
• Alexey E. Parafin,
• Victoria Yu. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Andrey L. Pankratov,
• Leonid S. Kuzmin,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko,
• Silvia Masi and
• Paolo de Bernardis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 26–36, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.3

• –frequency characteristics of resonant bolometers was set up as follows: The generator chip with JJs was mounted on the sample holder with a 4 mm Si hyperhemispherical lens thermally coupled with a 2.7 K cryostat plate. The control magnetic field required to create a flux-flow regime in a long Josephson

Nanotechnological approaches in the treatment of schistosomiasis: an overview

• Lucas Carvalho,
• Michelle Sarcinelli and
• Beatriz Patrício

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 13–25, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.2

• unclear in the articles. Percentage of material used to produce inorganic nanoparticles. The graph considers the 13 articles found that utilized inorganic nanoparticles and illustrates the type of material composing the nanoparticles used. Methodology flow diagram. The search was conducted in three

Elasticity, an often-overseen parameter in the development of nanoscale drug delivery systems

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1149–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.95

• , demonstrating the impact of these characteristics, is the life span of red blood cells. Juvenile red blood cells are able to flow through capillaries much smaller in diameter than their size due to sufficient elasticity. During their life span, they gain rigidity leading to their filtration out of the blood

• -targeting molecule to achieve an active receptor-mediated cell uptake. The receptor binding results in an enhanced adhesion to cells which is further increased by the deformability of the particles. This results in an enhanced cellular uptake in both static and flow conditions. This is described to be due

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• increased albumin endocytosis and a greater uptake of curcumin bound to it into cancer cells [49][50]. Consequently, the use of CUR-HSA-MPs may be a more effective strategy than the use of free CUR for the treatment of cancer. Cell uptake Flow cytometry was employed for the quantitative determination of the

• cellular uptake of HSA-MPs and CUR-HSA-MPs. The intrinsic fluorescence of both particle types excited at 488 nm allowed for their visualization, as the fluorescence properties were preserved upon encapsulation (Figure 2E). Quantitative analysis of cellular uptake, performed through flow cytometry, revealed

• fluorescent microscope (Nikon ECLIPSE, Ni-U; Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) and confirmed by confocal microscopy (CLSM) (Nikon AX/AX R Confocal Microscope, Tokyo, Japan). For FACS analysis, cells were trypsinized and washed with PBS three times. Then the samples were examined using a flow cytometer (CytoFLEX, Beckman

Properties of tin oxide films grown by atomic layer deposition from tin tetraiodide and ozone

• Kristjan Kalam,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Tanel Käämbre,
• Aile Tamm and
• Kaupo Kukli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1085–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.89

• film thickness profile along the gas flow direction. Analysis of oxygen and iodine contents in the films revealed that above a substrate temperature of 200 °C, the oxygen content remained stable. At temperatures below 200 °C, the oxygen content was significantly higher than that expected from a

Recognition mechanisms of hemoglobin particles by monocytes – CD163 may just be one

• Jonathan-Gabriel Nimz,
• Pichayut Rerkshanandana,
• Chiraphat Kloypan,
• Ulrich Kalus,
• Saranya Chaiwaree,
• Axel Pruß,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Yu Xiong and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1028–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.85

• dependence of HbMP uptake on these receptors. Table 2 gives an overview of the samples of indirect phagocytosis test no. 2; the incubation time with HbMPs was 30 min. All samples were analyzed by flow cytometry. Leucocytes were identified by DNA staining with propidium iodide (PI) or diamidinophenylindole

• for 10 min at 37 °C right away. An MFI value in flow cytometry close to the one of the reference sample showed that neither one of the antibodies we used had an effect on the uptake of FITC-labeled E. coli bacteria (Figure 4). Discussion Indirect phagocytosis assays were carried out with whole blood

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• Elangovan Sarathkumar Rajasekharan S. Anjana Ramapurath S. Jayasree Division of Biophotonics and Imaging, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram-695012, Kerala, India 10.3762/bjnano.14.82 Abstract Lateral flow

• advances in photothermal LFAs and their application in detecting analytes. Keywords: lateral flow assay; nanoarchitectonics; photothermal; photothermal nanomaterials; signal amplification; Introduction Lateral flow assays (LFAs) are a versatile and convenient point-of-care testing (POCT) technique used

• different parts, namely sample pad, conjugate pad, nitrocellulose membrane, and adsorbent pad, maintaining a smooth flow of reagents through the LFA membrane. In the presence of a sample, the analyte initially reacts with affinity molecules, commonly antibodies linked with tracers such as gold nanoparticles

Fragmentation of metal(II) bis(acetylacetonate) complexes induced by slow electrons

• Janina Kopyra and
• Hassan Abdoul-Carime

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 980–987, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.81

• scale was calibrated using a flow of SF6 gas through the oven that produced the well-known SF6− resonance near 0 eV. The measurements were performed without the presence of the calibration gas, avoiding potentially unwanted reactions such as dissociative electron transfer with the investigated molecules

Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

• Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
• Víctor Oestreicher,
• Martín Mizrahi and
• Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

• co-precipitation, and mechanochemical approaches [27]. Although these methods can produce materials on a large scale, they are very limited in providing materials with controlled morphology, size, or crystallinity [42]. This issue can be partially solved using continuous flow techniques [43][44]. Yet

• (Table 1). Supporting Information File 1, Table S6 compares the obtained STY values with those ones from other synthesis approaches such as co-precipitation and hydrothermal [39][40][41][65][66][67][68][69], mechanochemistry [27], and continuous flow methods [43][44]. After the limits for the scale-up of

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• antigen binding ability. Improper antibody conjugation influences antigen binding affinity and specificity. Once injected into the body, the ACNPs face both physical and biological barriers (such as diffusion, flow and shear forces, aggregation, protein adsorption, phagocytic sequestration, and clearance

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• the Vero cell line by flow cytometry, where the percentage of dead cells labeled with propidium iodide (PI, Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2) was measured. Neither the drug-loaded or unloaded NLCs elicited significant toxicity in Vero cells. As it is common to parenterally administer

• . A Platinum EPS C8 (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm, GraceTM, Columbia, MD, USA) column was used; the mobile phase consisted of a mixture of methanol and 0.02% phosphoric acid solution (60:40) for a final pH of 2.5. The system was operated isocratically at a 1.0 mL/min flow rate and the detection was performed

• spectrophotometer, Thermo Fisher Scientific) at 550 nm. The assays were performed in triplicate. Cell toxicity assay on Vero cells Cell viability was analyzed by flow cytometry as described in the “In vitro anti-amastigote effect” section after adding PI to obtain the percentage of dead cells following the

Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• [15][16][17]. Two types of microfluidic devices are commonly used, namely droplet-based and continuous devices. Continuous microfluidic devices have several disadvantages when applied for chemical syntheses, such as laminar flow formation due to the low Reynolds number of fluids, which leads to a lack

• reactants in segmented flow and oil in continuous flow. They can control the reaction rates by mass transfer through convection and diffusion [20][21]. Furthermore, droplet-based microfluidic devices are frequently utilized to synthesize complex materials of uniform size, as each droplet can function as a

• method limits the amount of precursor chemicals and enables the sequential flow of droplets, resulting in silver nanoparticles of uniform shape and size. We investigated the effects of different synthesis conditions on the size distribution, dispersity, and LSPR wavelength of the silver nanoparticles

Silver nanoparticles loaded on lactose/alginate: in situ synthesis, catalytic degradation, and pH-dependent antibacterial activity

• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu,
• T. Lan-Anh Vo,
• T. Thu-Trang Ho,
• Kim-Phuong T. Dang,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Phan Nhat Minh,
• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Vinh-Thien Tran,
• Van-Su Dang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Thi-Lan-Huong Nguyen,
• Van-Dat Doan and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 781–792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.64

• blank composite and the nanocomposites in an air flow of 20 mL/min at a heating rate of 10 °C/min. The TGA curve of AgNPs@Lac/Alg closely resembles that of the blank composite. Between 37 and 200 °C, the nanocomposite AgNPs@Lac/Alg-0.3 exhibited a significantly higher thermal loss (28%) compared to the

In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes

• Ha Tran Huu,
• Ngoc Phi Nguyen,
• Vuong Hoang Ngo,
• Huy Hoang Luc,
• Minh Kha Le,
• Minh Thu Nguyen,
• My Loan Phung Le,
• Hye Rim Kim,
• In Young Kim,
• Sung Jin Kim,
• Van Man Tran and
• Vien Vo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62

• , then placed in a ceramic crucible and heated to 800 °C for 5 h under argon gas flow with a heating rate of 10 °C·min−1. The obtained solid was washed with potassium hydroxide solution (KOH 20%) at 70 °C for 2 h, then leached with 2 M HCl at 70 °C for 15 h and washed several times with de-ionized (DI

• mixture of germanium dioxide, magnesium, and activated carbon at a mass ratio of 5:4:10, was ground well and transferred into a ceramic crucible. The solid was heated to 750 °C under Ar gas flow for 3 h. The obtained powder was rinsed with 1 M HCl to remove by-products. The sample, obtained after rinsing

• and transferred to a ceramic crucible. The mixture was heated at 750 °C in argon gas flow for 3 h. The obtained solid was re-ground and denoted as Ge/C-SS750. Material characterization X-ray diffraction measurements (XRD, Bruker D8 Advance with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å) at 40 kV and 40 mA) were

Control of morphology and crystallinity of CNTs in flame synthesis with one-dimensional reaction zone

• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Ni Luh Wulan Septiani and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 741–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.61

• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim Norikhwan Hamzah Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop Ni Luh Wulan Septiani Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin Department of Thermo-Fluids, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia High Speed Reacting Flow Laboratory (HiREF), Universiti Teknologi

• flame is conducted regarding the morphology and crystallinity of the as-grown nanotubes. The premixed burner configuration created a flame that is stabilized through axisymmetric stagnation flow through sintered metal with one-dimensional geometry, different from a conventional co-flow flame. The

• ratio was also shown in another study by Hamzah et al. [13], utilizing a methane diffusion flame with different air flow rates. This study aims to synthesize CNTs on nickel wire through methane combustion in a one-dimensional premixed flat flame. The resulting CNT morphology and crystallinity will be

Nanoarchitectonics for advanced applications in energy, environment and biology: Method for everything in materials science

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 738–740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.60

• instance. Katsuhiko Ariga Tsukuba, June 2023 Historical flow to bridge nanotechnology amd materials science.

Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives

• Mattia da Lisca,
• José Alvarez,
• James P. Connolly,
• Nicolas Vaissiere,
• Karim Mekhazni,
• Jean Decobert and
• Jean-Paul Kleider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 725–737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.59

• ), and arsine (AsH3) were the source materials, with hydrogen (H2) as a carrier gas. Diethylzinc (DEZn) was used as a source of Zn for p-type doping the InP:Zn and the phosphorus-based quaternary (GaInAsP:Zn) and GaInAs:Zn layers. The precursor flow was varied to cover a doping level range from 1 × 1018

• ]. As illustrated in Figure 8, in the case of downward surface band bending in an p-type semiconductor, photogenerated holes are repelled from the surface, while photogenerated electrons flow in the direction of the surface, balancing the positive charges corresponding to empty donor-type surface states

• . This results in a reduction of surface band bending and a decrease of surface potential, that is, a negative SPV. Conversely, in the case of upward surface band bending in an n-type semiconductor, photogenerated electrons are repelled from the surface, while photogenerated holes flow towards the