Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems

• Hsuan-Ang Tsai,
• Tsai-Miao Shih,
• Theodore Tsai,
• Jhe-Wei Hu,
• Yi-An Lai,
• Jui-Fu Hsiao and
• Guochuan Emil Tsai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42

• dipropylene glycerol (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.6 mL of PEG 400 (Sigma-Aldrich), and 0.2 mL of corn oil (Sigma-Aldrich) to form an emulsified solution by vortexing and sonication. An amount of 15 mg of DCS nanocrystals was added to this emulsion by stirring. After the DCS nanocrystals were well suspended, the final

• emulsified solution was added to the donor part of the Franz diffusion cell system. Patch formulation B: 5 mg of mannitol and 10 mg of povidone were added to 0.05 mL of NaOH solution. This mannitol/povidone solution was then mixed with 0.2 mL of dipropylene glycerol, 0.8 mL of PEG 400, and 0.3 mL of corn oil

• of povidone were added to 0.05 mL of NaOH solution. An amount of 0.5 g of PEG 1000 (Sigma-Aldrich) was dissolved in 0.5 mL of dipropylene glycerol. The PEG 1000 solution, mannitol (Sigma-Aldrich)/povidone (Sigma-Aldrich) solution, and 0.45 mL of corn oil were mixed together to form an emulsion by

Potential of a deep eutectic solvent in silver nanoparticle fabrication for antibiotic residue detection

• Le Hong Tho,
• Bui Xuan Khuyen,
• Ngoc Xuan Dat Mai and
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 426–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.38

• (Ag NPs), but the potential of DESs in Ag NP synthesis was neither considered nor studied carefully. In this study, we present a novel strategy to fabricate Ag NPs in a DES (Ag NPs-DES). The DES composed of ᴅ-glucose, urea, and glycerol does not contain any anions to precipitate with Ag+ cations. Our

• the NPs as well as a high aggregation state (Figure 3A). This is because of the high viscosity of the DES, which directly affected the stirring and yielded nonspherical NP shapes. The aggregated Ag NPs are supported by pure DES in which oxygen and hydrogen atoms of ᴅ-glucose, urea, and glycerol tend

• In this study, we have proposed a novel strategy for Ag NP synthesis in a DES composed of ᴅ-glucose, glycerol, and urea. The Ag NPs-DES sample was prepared successfully through chemical reduction, in which DES acts as solvent and shape-controlling agent. Using NFT and SDZ as probe molecules, the SERS

Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency

• Le Thi Le,
• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Liem Thanh Nguyen,
• Huy Quang Tran and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7

• nanofiber scaffold. This was due to the O–H stretching vibration of the glycerol component in BBR NPs (Figure 2). Peculiarly, the absorption bands at 1646 cm−1 and 1506 cm−1, characteristic of the C=N+ double bond and the furyl group in the molecular structure of BBR, respectively, were only displayed in

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

• -tuned with DOTAP were 5A2-SC8 (a degradable dendrimer ionizable cationic lipid with pKa < 8), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), cholesterol, 1,2-dimyristoyl-rac-glycerol-methoxy(poly(ethylene glycol)) (DMG-PEG; 15/15/30/3, mol/mol), and mRNA (5A2-SC8/mRNA, 20/1, wt/wt) [154][155

Near-infrared photoactive Ag-Zn-Ga-S-Se quantum dots for high-performance quantum dot-sensitized solar cells

• Roopakala Kottayi,
• Ilangovan Veerappan and
• Ramadasse Sittaramane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1337–1344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.110

• (GaCl3), sulfur powder (S), 1-dodecanethiol (DDTh), ʟ-cysteine, copper(II) chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), titanium isisopropoxide (TIP), glycerol, oleylamine (OAM), titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidine (NMP), chloroform, acetonitrile, ethanol, and methanol were purchased from

Role of titanium and organic precursors in molecular layer deposition of “titanicone” hybrid materials

• Arbresha Muriqi and
• Michael Nolan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1240–1255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.103

• , known as “titanicones”. We investigate in detail the chemistry between the most common Ti precursors, namely titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium (Ti(DMA)4), and ethylene glycol (EG) and glycerol (GL) as the organic precursors. We analyse the impact of the substrate on the

• titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), with organic alcohols such as ethylene glycol (EG) [26][27][28][29][30][31], glycerol (GL) [29][30][31] or fumaric acid (FC) [32]. Tetrakis(dimethylamino)titanium (Ti(N(CH3)2)4), henceforth denoted Ti(DMA)4) was also successfully employed as Ti source and combined with EG

• )titanium (Ti(DMA)4) inorganic precursors and then ethylene glycol (EG) and glycerol (GL) organic co-reactants. The valence electron–core electron interactions are described by projector augmented wave potentials (PAW) [52] and the valance electron configurations are: Ti: 3d34s1, Al: 3s23p1, O: 2s22p4, Cl

Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth,
• Lukas Schreiber and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 944–957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.83

• the leaves were bleached. For this purpose, the leaf pieces were placed on papers soaked with the ethanol/acetic acid mixture. To fix the structures, the leaf pieces were then transferred to papers soaked with lactoglycerol (lactic acid/glycerol/H2O, 1:1:1.3, v/v/v; lactic acid: ≥95% ʟ-(+)-lactic acid

• , Carl Roth GmbH und Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany; glycerol: ≥99%, Carl Roth GmbH und Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany) for about 3 h. The fungal structures were then stained with trypan blue (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA, 0.05% in lactoglycerol). Data analysis The data were statistically analyzed with the help

Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation

• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Tuyet Nhung Pham,
• Anh-Tuan Le,
• Nguyen Thanh Thuy,
• Tran Quang Huy and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 641–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.56

• the preparation of berberine (BBR) in nanoformulation to enhance its solubility and increase its antibacterial effectiveness against hospital-acquired infections. BBR nanoparticles (BBR NPs) were formed by antisolvent precipitation (ASP) using glycerol as a safe organic solvent. UV–vis absorption

• spectra demonstrated that the solubility of BBR NPs was greatly enhanced compared to that of pure BBR. Glycerol played a role as a stabilizer for BBR NPs through the formation of hydrogen bonds between glycerol and BBR NPs. The prepared BBR NPs have a narrow size distribution with an average diameter of

• bacterial cells and severely damaged the cell walls. Therefore, BBR NPs prepared by ASP appear to be a potential candidate for the treatment of bacterial pathogens. Keywords: antibacterial activity; antisolvent precipitation (ASP); berberine nanoparticles (BBR NPs); glycerol; solubility; Introduction

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• alternative for CNTs in biomedical applications [145]. Bonifacio et al. have developed a hydrogel nanocomposite scaffold composed of gellan gum and glycerol and reinforced by halloysite nanotubes for skin TE [146]. Integration of 25% HNTs into gellan gum reinforced the mechanical properties of the hydrogel

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• 50% glycerol. 97% of the dye removal efficiency of the membrane was maintained even after five consecutive adsorption/desorption cycles [79]. Hou et al. added the photoactivity of TiO2 into a hybrid membrane of PVA, PAA, and carboxyl-functionalized GO to degrade organic dyes by photocatalytic

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• combinations of compounds by self-association between hydrogen bond donors and acceptors. The most extensively studied to date involve mixtures of choline chloride (hydrogen bond acceptor) with urea, ethylene glycol, or glycerol (hydrogen bond donors) in a molar ratio of 1:2 [25]. However, more DESs can be

• for dissolving many species of high polarity, for example, amino acids, metal salts, glycerol, benzoic acid, citric acid, and glucose [26][76]. They are also promising in the dissolution of different polymers, such as starch, cellulose, lignin, chitin, and are also used in the pre-treatment of

• systems. Guar-gum-fabricated gold nanoparticles (GA-GNPs) in a DES were synthesized for the use as X-ray contrast agent. The precursors for the DES used were choline chloride, gallic acid and glycerol. The X-ray attenuation coefficient of GA-GNPs was three times higher than that of the clinically used

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

• the corresponding interactions with cell membranes can be changed with different conjugation ligands (type, proportion, and concentration). Cardoso et al. obtained 10–15 nm SPIONs covered with dopamine, tiron, glycerol, and o-phosphorylethanolamine in different combinations and proportions, which had

Atomic layer deposition for efficient oxygen evolution reaction at Pt/Ir catalyst layers

• Stefanie Schlicht,
• Korcan Percin,
• Stefanie Kriescher,
• André Hofer,
• Claudia Weidlich,
• Matthias Wessling and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 952–959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.79

• in a NH4F/glycerol solution for 2 h and results in the formation of a ca. 2.5 μm thick oxide layer consisting of parallel nanometer-wide pores (Figure 3). This layer offers an increase in specific surface area as compared with the smooth fibers of the commercial felt, with the specific parameters

• . Subsequently, the sample was calcinated in the oven at 450 °C for 60 min under synthetic air. Catalyst coating by the atomic layer deposition method The preparation broadly follows the procedure described in detail in [22]. In short, the titanium felts were anodized in a solution of 0.5 wt % NH4F in glycerol

• voltammograms for Ti felts A and B coated with catalyst (1:1 Pt/Ir 0.75 mg·cm−2) by the thermal decomposition method, as compared to non-coated felt A. (a–c) Scanning electron micrographs of titanium felts with different porosities after anodization in 0.5 wt % NH4F in glycerol: (a,c) type A at two

Synthesis and acetone sensing properties of ZnFe₂O₄/rGO gas sensors

• Kaidi Wu,
• Yifan Luo,
• Ying Li and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2516–2526, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.242

• glycerol (8 mL) under slow stirring. Secondly, 0.1098 g Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O and 0.4042 g Fe(NO3)3·9H2O were dissolved in the obtained homogeneous solution under magnetic stirring for 1 h. Subsequently, the mixed solutions were transferred into a Teflon-lined stainless-steel autoclave (50 mL), and then

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

• chromatography Triolein (>99 wt %, Sigma-Aldrich) and methanol (99 wt %, VWR corporation) were used in the transesterification reaction. Methyl oleate (>99 wt %, Sigma-Aldrich), 1,3-diolein (>99 wt %, Sigma-Aldrich), 1-oleoyl-rac-glycerol (≥99 wt % monolein, Sigma-Aldrich), and glycerol (99 wt %, Sigma-Aldrich

Preservation of rutin nanosuspensions without the use of preservatives

• Pascal L. Stahr and
• Cornelia M. Keck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1902–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.185

• preservatives are available for the preservation of nanocrystals. Suitable preservatives for the preservation of nanocrystals include different alcohols, i.e., pentylene glycol or mixtures of phenoxyethanol and ethyl hexyl glycerol [13][14][15]. The limited number of preservatives and sometimes the

Wearable, stable, highly sensitive hydrogel–graphene strain sensors

• Jian Lv,
• Chuncai Kong,
• Chao Yang,
• Lu Yin,
• Itthipon Jeerapan,
• Fangzhao Pu,
• Xiaojing Zhang,
• Sen Yang and
• Zhimao Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 475–480, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.47

• 21500, P. R. China Research institute of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311215, P. R. China 10.3762/bjnano.10.47 Abstract A stable and highly sensitive graphene/hydrogel strain sensor is designed by introducing glycerol as a co-solvent in the formation of a hydrogel substrate and then

• casting a graphene solution onto the hydrogel in a simple, two-step method. This hydrogel-based strain sensor can effectively retain water in the polymer network due to the formation of strong hydrogen bonding between glycerol and water. The addition of glycerol not only enhances the stability of the

• widely used in a realistic environment with extended usage. Lu et al. utilized a water and glycerol binary-solvent system to produce a hydrogel with good thermal tolerance, while maintaining all the properties over a wide temperature range (−20 to 60 °C) [12]. To date, the use of a moisture-retaining

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• organisms through enzymatic polymerization of organic substrates such as sugar and glycerol [11][31]. The main difference between BC and other plant-derived CNFs is the absence of certain functional groups (except alcohol) and polymers (lignin, hemicellulose, and pectin) in BC [32]. Therefore, BC is known

Optical orientation of nematic liquid crystal droplets via photoisomerization of an azodendrimer dopant

• Sergey A. Shvetsov,
• Alexander V. Emelyanenko,
• Natalia I. Boiko,
• Alexander S. Zolot'ko,
• Yan-Song Zhang,
• Jui-Hsiang Liu and
• Alexei R. Khokhlov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 870–879, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.81

• investigated. The origin of these transitions is in the change of the boundary conditions due to photoisomerization of the dendrimer adsorbed onto the liquid crystal–glycerol interface. It was shown that the photoisomerization processes of dendrimer molecules in a liquid crystal are accompanied by a spatial

• between the surface and the bulk. Recently, it was shown that NLC photo-orientation due to the azobenzene dopant photoisomerization can also occur at the interface between nematic and isotropic liquid [28]. It is known [29] that NLC microdroplets in the bulk of glycerol usually have bipolar orientational

• adsorbed dendrimer molecules are mostly oriented perpendicularly to the NLC–glycerol interface and align the NLC molecules in the same direction. The UV irradiation causes the trans→cis isomerization of the dopant, the cis isomers of the terminal moieties provide the planar alignment of NLC. In our

Bombyx mori silk/titania/gold hybrid materials for photocatalytic water splitting: combining renewable raw materials with clean fuels

• Stefanie Krüger,
• Michael Schwarze,
• Otto Baumann,
• Christina Günter,
• Michael Bruns,
• Christian Kübel,
• Dorothée Vinga Szabó,
• Rafael Meinusch,
• Verónica de Zea Bermudez and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 187–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.21

• authors also showed that methanol is the most efficient sacrificial agent when compared to isopropanol, glycerol, and glucose [25]. A further study by Jose et al. focused on the effect of TiO2 modification (anatase and/or rutile). These authors observed that TiO2 P25/Au mixed systems performed best in the

Surfactant-induced enhancement of droplet adhesion in superhydrophobic soybean (Glycine max L.) leaves

• Oliver Hagedorn,
• Ingo Fleute-Schlachter,
• Hans Georg Mainx,
• Viktoria Zeisler-Diehl and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2345–2356, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.234

• hydrophilic character of the hairs is demonstrated by the formation of a concave meniscus when a droplet comes into contact with the hairs (Figure 6C). By using the cryo-technique, frozen specimens could be investigated in an SEM and the interface between droplets containing a glycerol–water mixture and the

• (Nelumbo nucifera), the leaf surface of Glycine max L. does not show self-cleaning properties, which are generally indicated by low tilting angle or low contact angle hysteresis. Cryo-SEM investigations showed that droplets of a water–glycerol mixture are in the Cassie–Baxter wetting regime with only

• decreased CA. While XP ED 28-11 and XP ED 28-12 contain only diglycerol, XP ED 28-14 (a technical surfactant), is composed mainly of monoglycerol, with low amounts of tri- and tetraglycerol. Here it is assumed that the high amount of mono-glycerol, which is less polar, caused the wax alterations and

Imidazolium-based ionic liquids used as additives in the nanolubrication of silicon surfaces

• Patrícia M. Amorim,
• Ana M. Ferraria,
• Rogério Colaço,
• Luís C. Branco and
• Benilde Saramago

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1961–1971, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.197

• improvement of the tribological behavior of the same type of sliding pairs when 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium octylsulfate was added to the model lubricant fluid (glycerol). They attributed this to sulfur species in the tribofilm. Gusain et al. [15] synthesized bis-imidazolium ILs that proved to be efficient as

• anions, methylsulfate ([MeSO4]), n-buthylsulfate ([n-BuSO4]) and octylsulfate ([OcSO4]), as oil additives to lubricate steel surfaces and got different results. They found that friction did not improve with respect to that obtained with the base oil (glycerol), except under high shear conditions. Among

• ] performed better because they formed thicker, more compact surface films. However, comparison with pure glycerol did not show a significant improvement [39]. All these results indicate the beneficial influence of the presence of IL additives depends strongly on the chemical nature of both ILs and the

Phospholipid arrays on porous polymer coatings generated by micro-contact spotting

• Sylwia Sekula-Neuner,
• Monica de Freitas,
• Lea-Marie Tröster,
• Tobias Jochum,
• Pavel A. Levkin,
• Michael Hirtz and
• Harald Fuchs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 715–722, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.75

• chloroform with 1 mol % fluorescent dye admixture. The chloroform was evaporated and lipids were reconstituted with an ethanol and glycerol mixture in 7:3 v/v ratio. The ink was loaded onto a freshly oxygen plasma activated SPT and directly used for spotting. When varying the contact time between SPT and

• reconstituted with ethanol and glycerol (87%) in a 7:3 v/v ratio. Glycerol was added to prevent the premature drying of the ink on the SPT. Probes were filled with 0.5 µL ink, mounted onto the probe holder and used directly for spotting on unmodified poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate