A novel approach to pulsed laser deposition of platinum catalyst on carbon particles for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Bogusław Budner,
• Wojciech Tokarz,
• Sławomir Dyjak,
• Andrzej Czerwiński,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 190–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.19

• for Vulcan XC-72R, while the total pore volume is 1.22 cm3/g for C-11 and 0.68 cm3/g for Vulcan XC-72R. Based on the above, Vulcan has a small fraction of micropores, although more significant than C-11, and a less developed mesoporosity than C-11. C-11 has depleted microporosity but more developed

• mesoporosity, i.e., a wider hysteresis loop and a higher isotherm with p/p0 values approaching 1. Both isotherms (i.e., of XC-72R and C-11) can be classified as type II (according to IUPAC classification [39]) but with H3-type hysteresis loops. A sharp increase of N2 adsorption capacity at p/p0 values

• black materials [40]. It is important to note that the higher SBET value for Vulcan XC-72R is solely due to its enhanced microporosity, yet its mesoporosity is significantly less developed compared to C-11. Therefore, the C-11 material is a better choice for deposition using the PLD method, because Pt

Correction: An advanced structural characterization of templated meso-macroporous carbon monoliths by small- and wide-angle scattering techniques

• Felix M. Badaczewski,
• Marc O. Loeh,
• Torben Pfaff,
• Dirk Wallacher,
• Daniel Clemens and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 678–679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.54

• Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany, Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.11.54 Keywords: adsorption; carbon materials; mesoporosity; microporosity; microstructure; pore

An advanced structural characterization of templated meso-macroporous carbon monoliths by small- and wide-angle scattering techniques

• Felix M. Badaczewski,
• Marc O. Loeh,
• Torben Pfaff,
• Dirk Wallacher,
• Daniel Clemens and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 310–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.23

• mesoporosity of these monolithic carbon materials was studied by the sorption behavior of a relatively large organic molecule (p-xylene) in comparison to typical gas adsorbates (Ar). In addition, to obtain a detailed view on the nanopore space small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) combined with in situ

• resin. Another major finding is the discrepancy in the accessible micro/mesoporosity between Ar and deuterated p-xylene that found for the two different carbon precursors, pitch and resin, which can be regarded as representative carbon precursors in general. These differences essentially indicate that

• physisorption using probe gases such as Ar or N2 can provide misleading parameters if to be used to appraise the accessibility of the nanoscale pore space. Keywords: adsorption; carbon materials; mesoporosity; microporosity; microstructure; pore structure; small-angle neutron scattering (SANS); wide-angle X

Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

• Maximilian Wassner,
• Markus Eckardt,
• Andreas Reyer,
• Thomas Diemant,
• Michael S. Elsaesser,
• R. Jürgen Behm and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.1

• counterparts regarding porosity and surface areas. With the onset of graphitization, however, the g-NCS-850 and g-NCS-1000 samples develop a distinct mesoporosity (type-IV isotherms and a H2 hysteresis loop, Figure 7), concomitant with a loss of microporosity of about 66%. The formation of mesopores can be

Charge-transfer interactions between fullerenes and a mesoporous tetrathiafulvalene-based metal–organic framework

• Manuel Souto,
• Joaquín Calbo,
• Samuel Mañas-Valero,
• Aron Walsh and
• Guillermo Mínguez Espallargas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.183

• confirmed by different spectroscopic techniques and theoretical calculations. Interestingly, after encapsulation of fullerenes, gas sorption measurements demonstrated that the mesoporosity of the MOF is maintained, and electrical measurements revealed an increase of around two orders of magnitude in

The impact of crystal size and temperature on the adsorption-induced flexibility of the Zr-based metal–organic framework DUT-98

• Simon Krause,
• Volodymyr Bon,
• Hongchu Du,
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski,
• Ulrich Stoeck,
• Irena Senkovska and
• Stefan Kaskel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1737–1744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.169

• ) exhibits type I isotherm, reflecting the microporosity of the MOF. DUT-98(3) and (4) show type I behavior at lower relative pressures and type IV behavior at higher relative pressures, reflecting the microporous nature of the MOF and additional interparticle mesoporosity, respectively. This assumption is

• again at around a relative pressure of 0.5, however the uptake is found to be almost three times higher compared to DUT-98(2). DUT-98(4) exhibits the same steep increase but a wide hysteresis at higher pressure, indicating the dominant contribution of interparticle mesoporosity over the microporosity of

Playing with covalent triazine framework tiles for improved CO₂ adsorption properties and catalytic performance

• Giulia Tuci,
• Andree Iemhoff,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Lapo Luconi,
• Andrea Rossin,
• Vasiliki Papaefthimiou,
• Regina Palkovits,
• Jens Artz,
• Cuong Pham-Huu and
• Giuliano Giambastiani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1217–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.121

• profile with a distinctive H2 hysteresis loop in the range of p/p0 = 0.4–0.6. As expected from its longer linker, CTF2 shows an increase of mesoporosity with respect to CTF1 (mesopore volume from 60% to 75% of the total pore volume). Both samples present a high and comparable specific surface area and a

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• surface area values are of the order of 50–100 m2/g whereas the ZnO NPs alone exhibit values below 15 m2/g. The mesoporosity (ca. 0.25 cm3/g total porosity) together the photoactivity of the ZnO NPs make these materials suitable photocatalysts for the removal of organic dyes from water [118]. ZnO–clay

On the transformation of “zincone”-like into porous ZnO thin films from sub-saturated plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition

• Alberto Perrotta,
• Julian Pilz,
• Stefan Pachmajer,
• Antonella Milella and
• Anna Maria Coclite

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 746–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.74

• refractive index at 60% and 80% relatice humidity, no or limited hysteresis was witnessed. Under these conditions, the pores are generally on the edge between microporosity and mesoporosity, that is, of the order of 1–3 nm in pore diameter. The amount of porosity measured in the layers is reported in Figure

• isotherms suggested the presence of pores with diameters close to mesoporosity (i.e., 2 nm). Moreover, the crystal orientation of the resulting ZnO layers can be varied from powder to (100) preferential orientation in the out-of-plane direction, showing the possibility to control the resulting ZnO crystal

One-step nonhydrolytic sol–gel synthesis of mesoporous TiO₂ phosphonate hybrid materials

• Yanhui Wang,
• P. Hubert Mutin and
• Johan G. Alauzun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 356–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.35

• well-ordered self-assembled monolayers). The mesoporosity of the hybrid materials with P/Ti ratios up to 0.1 stems from the aggregation of the grafted nanoparticles (interparticle porosity). The smaller the size of the particles, the higher the specific surface area and the lower the pore volume

pH-mediated control over the mesostructure of ordered mesoporous materials templated by polyion complex micelles

• Emilie Molina,
• Mélody Mathonnat,
• Jason Richard,
• Patrick Lacroix-Desmazes,
• Martin In,
• Philippe Dieudonné,
• Thomas Cacciaguerra,
• Corine Gérardin and
• Nathalie Marcotte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.14

• with H1-like hysteresis loop (IUPAC classification [34]) showing capillary condensation at a relative pressure p/p0 ranging from 0.42 to 0.70. This indicates that the structural mesoporosity presents a cylindrical pore geometry with a high degree of pore size uniformity. This is confirmed by the narrow

• for hours at pH above 7, as it can be expected when considering the micellization pH range (Figure 1) The occurrence of mesoporosity in the dried hybrid materials is currently under investigation and will be discussed further in a forthcoming paper. The very low value of the EO/Si ratio indicates a

Uniform cobalt nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous nanoplates as a magnetically separable, recyclable adsorbent

• Can Zhao,
• Yuexiao Song,
• Tianyu Xiang,
• Wenxiu Qu,
• Shuo Lou,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Feng Xin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1770–1781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.168

• (Supporting Information File 1)) owing to the reduced amount of carbon source. An increase in the amount of carbon precursor would lead to more micro- and mesopores on the NPLs. The higher mesoporosity of the NPLs-2.5-800 sample could enhance accessibility of RhB, improving the adsorption performance. As

Controllable one-pot synthesis of uniform colloidal TiO₂ particles in a mixed solvent solution for photocatalysis

• Jong Tae Moon,
• Seung Ki Lee and
• Ji Bong Joo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1715–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.163

• amorphous TiO2 layer has a non-porous or microporous characteristic [14][26]. As the calcination temperature was increased, it should be noted that the amorphous TiO2 layer was locally aggregated, fused and crystallized into small grains which resulted in the appearance of mesoporosity. When the TiO2

• samples were subjected to calcination at high temperatures, small TiO2 crystallites were grown, severely fused and finely shirked, which resulted in decreased mesoporosity and a small BET surface area but increased crystallinity. To estimate the carbon content and thermal behavior of the TiO2 samples, TGA

Cyclodextrin-assisted synthesis of tailored mesoporous silica nanoparticles

• Fuat Topuz and
• Tamer Uyar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 693–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.64

• showed a dramatic change with the CTAB content used [31]. The pore structure of some MSNs was explored by WAXS in which sharp peaks related to periodic mesoporosity were observed at 2θ angles between 2 and 10° (Figure 9), which agrees with the TEM results. XRD peaks for the MSN synthesized in the absence

• the mesoporosity in the 2θ range of 2–10°. This might be attributed to the presence of micropores smaller than 1 nm as confirmed by BET (D = 7.82 Å). The particles synthesized at low HP-β-CD content revealed a mesoporous structure. Thus, the pore structure of MSNs clearly displays significant changes

Photocatalytic and adsorption properties of TiO₂-pillared montmorillonite obtained by hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes

• Mikhail F. Butman,
• Nikolay L. Ovchinnikov,
• Nikita S. Karasev,
• Nataliya E. Kochkina,
• Alexander V. Agafonov and
• Alexandr V. Vinogradov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 364–378, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.36

• . Keywords: adsorption; intercalation; mesoporosity; photocatalytic activity; pillared montmorillonite; titanium oxide; Introduction Titanium dioxide in its nanometer-sized form is one of the most promising modern photocatalysts [1]. However, the use of pure TiO2 nanoparticles is hindered by some

Hierarchically structured nanoporous carbon tubes for high pressure carbon dioxide adsorption

• Julia Patzsch,
• Deepu J. Babu and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1135–1144, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.115

• as inorganic components. Due to the micro- and mesoporosity of the carbon tube walls and the macroporous inner space of the carbon tubes combined with the high specific surface area, this material is rendered highly suitable for high pressure carbon dioxide adsorption. However, high pressure CO2

Selective porous gates made from colloidal silica nanoparticles

• Roberto Nisticò,
• Paola Avetta,
• Paola Calza,
• Debora Fabbri,
• Giuliana Magnacca and
• Dominique Scalarone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2105–2112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.215

• functional theory (DFT) model for slit pores with low regularization was applied on the adsorption branch of the isotherm in order to examine simultaneously both micro- and mesoporosity of samples. The analyses were performed on powdery samples (ca. 100 mg) outgassed for several hours at 300 °C in vacuo

Silica micro/nanospheres for theranostics: from bimodal MRI and fluorescent imaging probes to cancer therapy

• Shanka Walia and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 546–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.57

• ). Mesoporosity studies of MSN and YVO4_MSN were done by thermogravimetric analysis. Fluorescence spectra of YVO4_MSN NPs showed two bands at 250 and 280 nm. The emission spectra of YVO4 exhibited a prominent peak at 618 nm. Drug loading efficiency of YVO4-MSN was examined with fluorescence intensity of DOX at

Manganese oxide phases and morphologies: A study on calcination temperature and atmospheric dependence

• Matthias Augustin,
• Daniela Fenske,
• Ingo Bardenhagen,
• Anne Westphal,
• Martin Knipper,
• Thorsten Plaggenborg,
• Joanna Kolny-Olesiak and
• Jürgen Parisi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 47–59, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.6

• concentration of holes with diameters of up to 20 nm, rather than individual nanoparticles. This manner of porosity for α-Mn2O3 was also confirmed by N2 adsorption–desorption measurements (see Figure 8). Mesoporosity in hexagonally shaped α-Mn2O3 particles and circular Mn2O3 discs obtained by calcination at

• distribution between 3 and 5 nm as well as 10 and 90 nm with a mean diameter of 32.6 nm. In accordance with the TEM images (see Figure 7c,d for comparison) and the lowest BET surface area of all the samples, these pores do not derive from voids in the nanoparticle network but rather from the mesoporosity of

• to Mn5O8 (resulting in a larger specific surface area), and the mesoporosity of the α-Mn2O3, which was already observed in the TEM images (see Figure 7c,d). Electrocatalytic activities of the MnOx species In order to investigate the electrocatalytic activity of the synthesized MnOx species for the

Nanoporous composites prepared by a combination of SBA-15 with Mg–Al mixed oxides. Water vapor sorption properties

• Amaury Pérez-Verdejo,
• Alvaro Sampieri,
• Heriberto Pfeiffer,
• Mayra Ruiz-Reyes,
• Juana-Deisy Santamaría and
• Geolar Fetter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1226–1234, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.136

• candidates to be combined homogenously with mesoporous siliceous materials to improve their physicochemical properties. Hydrotalcites are lamellar materials with basic properties, but with a relative low surface area and poor mesoporosity [12]. Thus, large molecules accessibility toward active sites is a

• challenging goal. Instead, siliceous ordered mesoporous materials present high surface areas and narrow pores size distributions in the mesoporosity range, but with a poor surface reactivity [13]. If hydrotalcites can be conveniently combined with SBA-15, a novel kind of nanoestructured porous composites may

• wall thickness (AWT) are smaller than those of SBA-15. Even though both materials are texturally different, as they were prepared by distinct methods, it is interesting to observe how the microporosity and mesoporosity are exalted in the in situ prepared composite. This remark is in agreement with the

Distribution of functional groups in periodic mesoporous organosilica materials studied by small-angle neutron scattering with in situ adsorption of nitrogen

• Monir Sharifi,
• Dirk Wallacher and
• Michael Wark

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 428–437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.49

• adsorption (p/p0 > 0.9) for all the samples does not result from structural mesoporosity, but is caused by a condensation of nitrogen in the interstitial space between particles (void spaces) and cracks inside the particles. Due to the partial filling of the structural mesochannels by anchoring propyl-SO3H

Mesoporous MgTa₂O₆ thin films with enhanced photocatalytic activity: On the interplay between crystallinity and mesostructure

• Jin-Ming Wu,
• Igor Djerdj,
• Till von Graberg and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 123–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.13

• considering the turnover frequency of such photocatalysts, the optimized activity of the present nanoarchitectured MgTa2O6 thin film was ca. four times that of analogous anatase TiO2 films with ordered mesopores. Our study demonstrated that high crystallinity and well-developed mesoporosity have to be

• evaporation speed of the solvent. The rapid evaporation produced randomly distributed bubbles, and when these collapsed they left randomly distributed, open, round concaves. The mesoporosity was additionally investigated by nitrogen physisorption at 77 K (see Supporting Information File 1). Since the amount

• , temperature-dependent structural analysis proved that mesoporosity itself is not sufficient to endow metal oxides with advanced physicochemical performance. Experimental section Film fabrication MgCl2 (47 mg; 99.99%, Aldrich) and Ta(OC2H5)5 (500 mg; 99.98%, Aldrich) were dissolved separately in ethanol (2 g

Synthesis and catalytic applications of combined zeolitic/mesoporous materials

• Jarian Vernimmen,
• Vera Meynen and
• Pegie Cool

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 785–801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.87

• coordinated Ti [35][43]. Therefore, in the last decade, research has been focused on the combination of mesoporosity and zeolitic features [20][44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. Many promising materials, such as MTS-9 [51] and Ti-MMM-1 [52] have already been developed. The ultimate goal is to develop a “true

• accessible via the micropores. Here, it is clear that not all configurations with a combined micro- and mesoporosity inherently give rise to an enhanced molecular transport to or from the active sites in the micropores. However, this does not mean that these combined zeolitic/mesoporous materials without (or

• is desilication [48][50][65][66][67]. Extraction of Si atoms by base treatments (also denoted as pore-directing agents, PDAs) leads to a significant amount of intracrystalline mesoporosity while preserving the intrinsic acidity and structural integrity of the zeolite framework. Also during this