Room-temperature NO₂ sensing performance of ZnO/Ti₃C₂T_x heterojunctions

• Ngo Thi Chau,
• Quoc Vinh Ho,
• Dai Hai Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1159–1169, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.79

• groups. Nonetheless, Ti3C2Tx-based sensing composites encounter challenges related to response/recovery time and low sensitivity, thereby limiting their applicability across diverse environmental conditions. Addressing these limitations, we present the synthesis of ZnO/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposites via a facile

• gas sensing performance is attributed to the abundance of oxygen vacancies and surface functional groups within the ZnO/Ti3C2Tx composites, which facilitate robust interactions with NO2 molecules. These findings underscore the efficacy of ZnO/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposites as a viable strategy for enhancing

• applications. Experimental Synthesis of pure Ti3C2Tx MXene and ZnO/Ti3C2Tx nanocomposites Typically, 0.4 g of LiF (Sigma) was dissolved in 5 mL of 9 M HCl (China chem, 36 wt %) aqueous solution under vigorous stirring for 30 min. Then, a certain amount of Ti3AlC2 MAX phase (100 mesh, purchased from Sigma) was

Biosynthesis, characterization, and biofunctional assessment of niobium oxide nanostructures obtained using lactic acid bacteria-derived supernatants

• Pablo A. Oliveira,
• Gabriella T. L. Teixeira,
• Pollyane S. Oliveira,
• Thaís S. Farnesi-de-Assunção,
• Isabela S. Rotta,
• Karina F. D. Vicentine,
• Dayane S. Alvares,
• Jéferson A. Moreto,
• Aline D. Paiva and
• Natália B. L. Slade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1128–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.77

• range of 100–1000 µg·mL−1 as moderately cytotoxic [46]. Studies involving silver-doped nanoparticles have reported CC50 values around 100 µg·mL−1 [47]. Considering these references, the niobium-based nanocomposites investigated in this study, particularly Nb-Lcp-CFS, which exhibited the highest CC50

Synthesis of carbon dot-mediated gold nanostructures: experimental and quantum chemical insights into turn-on fluorescence sensing of N-acetylcysteine

• Thuy-Huong Nguyen,
• Van-Nghia Nguyen,
• Ha Thi Thu Nguyen,
• Ha Ngoc Nguyen,
• Anh Duc Nguyen,
• Tuyen Viet Nguyen and
• Truong Xuan Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1103–1116, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.75

• structural and electronic properties of Au@NCD nanocomposites and their fluorescence sensing behavior has not been fully understood. Therefore, the novelty of this study lies not only in using a natural source for synthesis of Au@NCD nanostructures but also in the combination of experimental and theoretical

• studies have reported that gold nanocomposites exhibit good selectivity toward NAC, suggesting that the proposed CD@Au nanocomposite is also likely to be selective for NAC [11]. Additional evidence supporting the proposed sensing mechanism can be obtained from Raman spectroscopy (Figure S3 in Supporting

Electrochemical sensing of sildenafil in pharmaceutical formulations using an (S,N)-doped reduced graphene oxide-modified electrode

• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Ngo Thi Thanh Xuan,
• Vo Thi Khanh Ly,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Duc Anh,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Nguyen Hai Phong,
• Pham Khac Lieu,
• Le Lam Son and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1087–1102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.74

• analytical performance. Although various electrochemical sensors have been reported for SDN determination, many of them rely on multicomponent nanocomposites, noble-metal nanoparticles, or relatively complicated fabrication procedures. In contrast, the proposed (S,N)-rGO-modified electrode is prepared

Nanoglasses: a trail towards uncharted regions of vitreous materials and their properties?

• Gerhard Wilde and
• Horst Hahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.72

• -existing phases need to be considered as well. Following our earlier work on the thermodynamic description of two-phase nanocrystalline systems [24], Figure 2 depicts schematically the thermodynamics of nanoglasses that are considered as nanocomposites of glass grains separated by the conditional glass

Materials challenges in solid-state sensors for continuous monitoring of ions in water

• Maryam Darestani-Farahani and
• Peter Kruse

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 935–973, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.66

• through strategies such as defect engineering, nanoparticle doping, surface functionalization with organic molecules, or incorporation of advanced recognition elements like metal–organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, ion-imprinted polymers, and biomaterials. Hybrid nanocomposites and ion

Enhanced erosion resistance and radiation stability of WC–WO₃ nanocomposite films under 100 keV Kr⁺ ion irradiation

• Shristi Bist,
• Parswajit Kalita,
• Ratnesh K. Pandey,
• Sejal Shah,
• Richa Krishna,
• Umapathy G. R.,
• Sunil Ojha and
• Devesh K. Avasthi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 922–934, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.65

• , indicating dynamic microstructural evolution rather than amorphization under irradiation. These results highlight the potential of WC–WO3 nanocomposites as erosion-resistant and structurally resilient candidates for future plasma-facing applications in fusion reactors. Keywords: low energy ions; plasma

• -facing materials; sputtering erosion; WC–WO3 nanocomposites; Introduction Tungsten carbide (WC) and tungsten trioxide (WO3) are two hard and high-temperature-stable compounds that have individually demonstrated exceptional properties, including high melting points, mechanical strength, and chemical

• , studies on this hypothesis are very limited, and further research is needed to draw a definite conclusion on the role of heterointerfaces in lowering the erosion of the nanocomposite films by taking different nanocomposites. From the above discussion it is clear that erosion in nanocomposite samples is

Tailoring Ag–Pt nanoalloys through solid-state dewetting: structural and optical insights

• Marcin Łapiński,
• Piotr Okoczuk,
• Blaž Grobiša,
• Ewa Pawlikowska,
• Amelia Rozwadowska,
• Wojciech Sadowski and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 748–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.52

• disintegration can be used to fabricate single-metal nanostructures, nanoalloys, and nanocomposites on various substrates [23][24][25][26]. In this paper, we present a method for manufacturing Ag–Pt nanoalloys by thermal disintegration of thin metallic films. This nanoalloy system is particularly significant due

• boundary between these two classes is not always clearly defined. Examination properties, such as optical properties, can provide a valuable criterion for differentiation. In plasmonic materials, in most cases, nanocomposites exhibit two distinct resonance peaks, each corresponding to one of the

Environmental applications of silver nanoparticles: state-of-the-art review and emerging trends

• Soni Prajapati,
• Akash Kumar and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 697–736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.49

• removal of PAHs with 100% efficiency [30]. AgNPs and AgNP-based nanocomposites provide an efficient system for pollutant removal, with good reusability, as evident from the above studies. However, despite their benefits, the escalating production and utilisation of AgNPs also raise concerns about their

• addresses most of the pollutants (emerging and conventional) by providing a comprehensive assessment of AgNPs and AgNP-based nanocomposites in environmental applications. It incorporates emerging topics including green synthesis reproducibility, nanozyme activity, the environmental fate of silver, and

• spectroscopy (SERS) using AgNP nanocomposites could selectively detect polystyrene nanoparticles with a detection limit of 14 μg/mL [55]. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provides information on the elemental composition, surface oxidation states, and electronic configuration of AgNPs [56]. This

Cellulose as a photocatalyst support material: extraction, structural features, and environmental applications

• Yee Teng Lim,
• Nur Farhana Jaafar,
• Azizul Hakim Lahuri and
• Endang Tri Wahyuni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 635–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.44

• of functional groups enable it to act as an effective support matrix for photocatalysts such as ZnO, TiO2, Cu2O, and various hybrid nanocomposites. Through stabilizing nanoparticles, preventing their aggregation and contributing to pollutant adsorption, cellulose enhances the overall efficiency of

• on significant amounts of alcohols and the hydrolysis–calcination method, which has already been commercialized but requires high energy input and the use of hydrochloric acid as a solvent [86]. CNCs possess several valuable features that make them excellent candidates for conductive nanocomposites

Upcycling agroindustrial waste into graphene oxide supports for gold nanoparticles: toward sustainable nanomaterials

• Juan Marcos Castro-Tapia,
• Selene Acosta,
• Hiram Joazet Ojeda-Galván,
• Elsie Evelyn Araujo-Palomo,
• Edgar Giovanni Villabona-Leal and
• Mildred Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 489–504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.32

• ; hybrid nanocomposites; plasmonic nanomaterials; surface functionalization; Introduction Graphene oxide (GO), due to its unique physicochemical properties, is widely explored regarding a range of applications, including sensors, water purification, and energy storage and conversion [1][2][3][4][5]. GO is

Beam shaping techniques for pulsed laser ablation in liquids: Unlocking tunable control of nanoparticle synthesis in liquids

• Sergio Molina-Prados,
• Nadezhda M. Bulgakova,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov,
• Jesus Lancis,
• Gladys Mínguez Vega and
• Carlos Doñate-Buendia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 309–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.22

Durable antimicrobial activity of fabrics functionalized with zeolite ion-exchanged nanomaterials against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

• Perla Sánchez-López,
• Kendra Ramirez Acosta,
• Sergio Fuentes Moyado,
• Ruben Dario Cadena-Nava and
• Elena Smolentseva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 262–274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.18

• nanotechnology has expanded into different areas of science, including physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine, over the past few decades [1][2]. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs), nanomaterials, and nanocomposites have been applied in various fields, including medicine and biotechnology, to reduce the recurrence

Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging of contaminant species in chemical vapour deposited graphene on copper

• Barry Brennan,
• Vlad-Petru Veigang-Radulescu,
• Philipp Braeuninger-Weimer,
• Stephan Hofmann and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 200–213, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.13

• ]. While nanocomposites incorporating graphene are expected to be disruptive in their own right [5][6], it is the potential for large area, single crystal graphene sheets, which CVD growth can realise [7][8][9][10] which may have the greatest impact. Such sheets are expected to harness the full potential

Safe and sustainable by design with ML/AI: A transformative approach to advancing nanotechnology

• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 176–185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.11

• , high-strength materials for advanced armour systems and protective gear. For example, nanostructured ceramics and nanocomposites enhance ballistic protection while reducing weight, improving mobility for soldiers [7]. Additionally, nanosensors can detect chemical and biological threats in real time

Internal 3D temperature mapping in biological systems using ratiometric light-sheet imaging and lipid-coated upconversion nanothermometers

• Dannareli Barron-Ortiz,
• Enric Pérez-Parets,
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava,
• Emilio J. Gualda,
• Jacob Licea-Rodríguez,
• Juan Hernández-Cordero,
• Pablo Loza-Álvarez and
• Israel Rocha-Mendoza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2306–2316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.159

• essential step for advancing non-invasive thermal imaging in living biological systems. We recently demonstrated the feasibility of combining light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) with UC micro- and nanocomposites for volumetric temperature mapping across scales ranging from tens of micrometers to

Optical bio/chemical sensors for vitamin B₁₂ analysis in food and pharmaceuticals: state of the art, challenges, and future outlooks

• Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi and
• Zeynep Altintas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2207–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.153

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• effect [77]. Despite their high efficiency, nanotechnology-based remediation solutions may face deployment challenges in remote Himalayan regions due to high initial cost, maintenance needs, and lack of infrastructure. Scalable, low-cost nanocomposites or hybrid bionanotechnology systems adapted for cold

Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• diffusion assay findings, the strong inhibitory and bactericidal effect against S. aureus (MIC: 0.5 mg/mL; MBC: 1.0 mg/mL) of AgSbS2 NCs aligns well with previous reports that show that gram-positive organisms are often more susceptible to metal-based nanoparticles or nanocomposites [40], likely due to

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• functionality can be adjusted by changing the metal oxides and linkers, enabling easy synthesis and modification for diverse applications, including MP adsorption [59]. By using ZIF-8 nanocomposite, Pasanen et al. removed 99% of MPs after 1 h. The properties of nanocomposites showed highly porous structures

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• administration [32]. The ionic interaction between alginate and chitosan, forming smart, pH-sensitive polyelectrolytic nanocomposites [147], recently led Silvestre et al. [99] to encapsulate curcumin within alginate–chitosan NPs. Curcumin, a hydrophobic molecule that degrades rapidly under alkaline conditions

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• contaminated with MPs. Meanwhile, a higher cost of these adsorbents limit their use for the removal of MPs [82]. Research is actively exploring alternative adsorbents, with a particular focus on nanomaterial-based options. Among these, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nanoscale metals, nanocomposites, and metal oxides

Bioinspired polypropylene-based functionally graded materials and metamaterials modeling the mistletoe–host interface

• Lina M. Rojas González,
• Naeim Ghavidelnia,
• Christoph Eberl and
• Max D. Mylo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1592–1606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.113

• softer mistletoe and the stiffer host tissue, preventing catastrophic failure of the mistletoe attachment. The strong structural and mechanical similarity of multihierarchical biological systems and functionally graded (meta-)materials [31] has recently been exploited to create bioinspired nanocomposites

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• that the obtained results are important for the preparation of silicon-based nanocomposites as electrode materials with enhanced performance. Materials and Methods The laser ablation experiments were performed using a nanosecond Nd:YAG laser (LS2131D, LOTIS TII, Belarus) as an excitation source

• compared with the vibrational modes of the unablated bulk Si target. Figure 5 presents the obtained Raman spectra. In general, when bulk crystalline Si is transformed into Si NPs, an amorphous phase in Si nanocomposites can be formed [41]. Usually, amorphous Si Raman modes are shifted to lower wavenumbers

Nanomaterials for biomedical applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Filippo Pierini,
• Seda Kizilel and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1499–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.105

• recent years, the scientific community has started focusing on what nanocomposites potentially offer. Binding nanoparticles along with biomaterials enhances their strength, flexibility, and durability. For example, adding hydroxyapatite nanoparticles to a polymer can improve bone compatibility, making it