Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• effect [77]. Despite their high efficiency, nanotechnology-based remediation solutions may face deployment challenges in remote Himalayan regions due to high initial cost, maintenance needs, and lack of infrastructure. Scalable, low-cost nanocomposites or hybrid bionanotechnology systems adapted for cold

Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• diffusion assay findings, the strong inhibitory and bactericidal effect against S. aureus (MIC: 0.5 mg/mL; MBC: 1.0 mg/mL) of AgSbS2 NCs aligns well with previous reports that show that gram-positive organisms are often more susceptible to metal-based nanoparticles or nanocomposites [40], likely due to

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• functionality can be adjusted by changing the metal oxides and linkers, enabling easy synthesis and modification for diverse applications, including MP adsorption [59]. By using ZIF-8 nanocomposite, Pasanen et al. removed 99% of MPs after 1 h. The properties of nanocomposites showed highly porous structures

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• administration [32]. The ionic interaction between alginate and chitosan, forming smart, pH-sensitive polyelectrolytic nanocomposites [147], recently led Silvestre et al. [99] to encapsulate curcumin within alginate–chitosan NPs. Curcumin, a hydrophobic molecule that degrades rapidly under alkaline conditions

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• contaminated with MPs. Meanwhile, a higher cost of these adsorbents limit their use for the removal of MPs [82]. Research is actively exploring alternative adsorbents, with a particular focus on nanomaterial-based options. Among these, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nanoscale metals, nanocomposites, and metal oxides

Bioinspired polypropylene-based functionally graded materials and metamaterials modeling the mistletoe–host interface

• Lina M. Rojas González,
• Naeim Ghavidelnia,
• Christoph Eberl and
• Max D. Mylo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1592–1606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.113

• softer mistletoe and the stiffer host tissue, preventing catastrophic failure of the mistletoe attachment. The strong structural and mechanical similarity of multihierarchical biological systems and functionally graded (meta-)materials [31] has recently been exploited to create bioinspired nanocomposites

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• that the obtained results are important for the preparation of silicon-based nanocomposites as electrode materials with enhanced performance. Materials and Methods The laser ablation experiments were performed using a nanosecond Nd:YAG laser (LS2131D, LOTIS TII, Belarus) as an excitation source

• compared with the vibrational modes of the unablated bulk Si target. Figure 5 presents the obtained Raman spectra. In general, when bulk crystalline Si is transformed into Si NPs, an amorphous phase in Si nanocomposites can be formed [41]. Usually, amorphous Si Raman modes are shifted to lower wavenumbers

Nanomaterials for biomedical applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Filippo Pierini,
• Seda Kizilel and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1499–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.105

• recent years, the scientific community has started focusing on what nanocomposites potentially offer. Binding nanoparticles along with biomaterials enhances their strength, flexibility, and durability. For example, adding hydroxyapatite nanoparticles to a polymer can improve bone compatibility, making it

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• (e.g., nanoparticles, nanocubes, nanorods, and nanocomposites) [5]. The developments in LAL have demonstrated its ability to synthesize functionalized nanostructures with special morphologies, microstructures, and phases, which hold promise for applications in optics, detection, and biological fields

• better after spin coating than drop casting [110]. A functionalization study on SiC nanocrystals was made. SiC–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymeric nanocomposites were manufactured by adding silicon carbide NPs prepared by PLAL to PVA and thin films of the composites were prepared by spin coating on glass

• . A modification in this work was made by incorporating graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) into SnS to form nanocomposites. The only difference was the laser ablation wavelength (1064 nm) [128]. The deposition of SnS:GO nanocomposite thin film was achieved by adding different

Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• isolated rotenoids. The nanocomposite represented a 23.6% increase in efficacy compared to the previously described natural rotenoids. These results highlight the potential of chitosan nanocomposites as an innovative, effective, and environmentally sustainable solution for managing the insect vector. By

• rotenoids in the nanostructures also increased the zeta potential (ζ) in both ion gelation methods, which appears to influence the polydispersity index (PDI) of these nanocomposites, as the PDI values are significantly higher than those of their respective controls (Table 1). The zeta potential is an

• , even when delivered via nanocomposites. The cytotoxicity analysis of natural rotenoids to HSF cells revealed no statistically significant differences in cell viability between the control group and the treatments with either in natura rotenoids or the CS/TPP-β-CD–rot nanocomposite (Figure 7; p > 0.05

Multifunctional properties of bio-poly(butylene succinate) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

• Volodymyr Krasinskyi,
• Krzysztof Bajer,
• Ludmila Dulebova,
• Nickolas Polychronopoulos,
• Oksana Krasinska and
• Daniel Kaczor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1014–1024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.76

• many researchers [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Regarding PBS-based nanocomposites, most studies focus on the influence of CNTs (including modified CNTs) on their thermal behavior [17][18][19], crystallization [20][21][22], structure [14][17][21][22][23], and biodegradability [12]. PBS/CNT

• nanocomposites are primarily synthesized using two methods, that is, solution casting [18][22][24] and melt compounding [17][19][23]. In this study, the melt compounding method was chosen due to its simplicity, high throughput, and industrial feasibility. Bandyopadhyay et al. [23] demonstrated that melt mixing 1

• ] synthesized lowly filled PBS-based nanocomposites, namely, PBSA/SWCNTs and PBS/MWCNTs, respectively, via solution casting after the pre-modification of CNTs. At an SWCNT content of 0.5 wt % in PBSA, a twofold increase in PBS stiffness was observed, along with increased crystallization and glass transition

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite

• Sumanta Sahoo,
• Ankur Sood and
• Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

• Sumanta Sahoo Ankur Sood Sung Soo Han School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea 10.3762/bjnano.16.70 Abstract Reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-assisted microwave (MW) synthesis of metal-oxide-based binary and ternary nanocomposites has recently

• Fe2O3 nanoparticles and VO2 nanorods on the 2D rGO surface. Notably, the ternary composite displayed good magnetic properties for its potential biomedical applications. Overall, this work explores an efficient and cost-effective synthetic approach for developing graphene-based magnetic nanocomposites

• simpler and cost-effective compared to the bottom-up processes. Among the top-down approaches, the microwave (MW)-assisted exfoliation process of synthesizing graphene materials and related nanocomposites (NCs) has gained noteworthy research attention in recent times [8][9]. For synthesizing binary and

Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• graphene oxide–nanosilica–zinc hydroxide nanocomposites (GO-SG-ZH). Graphite oxidation reaction in a cascade design gives good efficiency values of energy, chemical reaction, and reaction time [14][15]. The recycling of rice husk ash waste into nanosilica products is eco-friendly and sustainable for

• GO-SG-ZH powder. The graphene-based nanocomposites in hydrogel form and in powder form were comparatively characterized using moisture analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and aqueous dispersibility. Brush coating of graphene oxide–nanosilica–zinc

• dispersibility and reduced surface area of graphene-based materials in many applications, such as aqueous dispersions, polymer nanocomposites, and water-based paints. Our previous works demonstrated that in graphene-based hydrogel structures, the intercalation of water molecules between graphene-based sheets

Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

• Sabina Lewińska,
• Pavlo Aleshkevych,
• Roman Minikayev,
• Anna Bajorek,
• Mateusz Dulski,
• Krystian Prusik,
• Tomasz Wojciechowski and
• Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

• , and the successful delivery of ASOs into HepG2 and HeLa cells, with the modified DGL–DCA nanocomposites showing superior performance in promoting lysosomal escape compared to unmodified versions. Additionally, the analysis of HIF-1α mRNA expression levels and HIF-1α protein assays confirmed that the

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• nanocomposites have been produced through the substantial utilization of nanoparticles. The development of fibrous nanocomposites or bio-nanocomposites, where the matrix and/or fillers are biomaterials, has been advanced in recent years by introducing nanoscale materials into electrospun fibers in the form of

TiO₂ immobilized on 2D mordenite: effect of hydrolysis conditions on structural, textural, and optical characteristics of the nanocomposites

• Marina G. Shelyapina,
• Rosario Isidro Yocupicio-Gaxiola,
• Gleb A. Valkovsky and
• Vitalii Petranovskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 128–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.12

• nanocomposites were synthetized by the introduction of titanium tetraethoxide (TEOT) into the interlamellar space of 2D mordenite, its subsequent hydrolysis in water or a solution of 70% ethanol in water for 6, 12, and 24 h, and calcination. The resulting TiO2/2D mordenite materials were studied by a set of

• mesoporosity after calcination due to anatase nanoparticles of about 4 nm preventing the collapse of the interlamellar space. Immobilization of TiO2 on the zeolite surface is evidenced by the formation of Si–O–Ti bonds. The bandgap width of the synthetized nanocomposites was found to be sensitive to the

• , texture, and optical properties of TiO2/2D mordenite nanocomposites. Results and Discussion TiO2/2D mordenite compounds were synthetized from the parent layered MOR-L by introduction of TEOT, its further hydrolysis, and calcination. Further details are given in the Experimental section. The calcined (C

Modeling and simulation of carbon-nanocomposite-based gas sensors

• Roopa Hegde,
• Punya Prabha V,
• Shipra Upadhyay and
• Krishna S B

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 90–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.9

• disciplines, leading to the development of materials with unprecedented properties. Among these materials, carbon nanocomposites have gathered significant attention because of their exceptional electrical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics. These nanocomposites typically consist of carbon-based

• nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and carbon black, embedded within a polymer matrix [1]. The distinctive properties of carbon nanocomposites have positioned them as promising candidates for various applications, particularly in the development of advanced sensors. The small amounts of

• nanocomposites, like high surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, and chemical stability, make them ideal candidates for the development of high-performance CO gas sensors. Carbon-nanocomposite gas sensors find their application in detecting pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2

Enhanced catalytic reduction through in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles embedded in glucosamine/alginate nanocomposites

• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Le-Kim-Thuy Nguyen,
• Minh-Trong Tran,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Nguyen Minh Ty,
• T. Ngoc Han Pham,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Tran Thi Huong Giang,
• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1227–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.99

• AuNPs exhibited uniform size with an average diameter of 10.0 nm. The nanocomposites facilitated the recyclable reduction of organic dyes, including 2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, and methyl orange, employing NaBH4 as the reducing agent. Kinetic studies further underscored the potential of this

• nanocomposite as a versatile catalyst with promising applications across various industrial sectors. Keywords: catalysis; gold nanoparticles; organic dyes; organometallic nanocomposites; reduction; Introduction Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have garnered significant attention because of their exceptional

• resulting nanocomposites were characterized using various analytical techniques and demonstrated efficacy in the catalytic reduction of nitrophenols and methyl orange. A comparative analysis of the reduction processes was carried out to confirm the enhanced efficiency of the nanocomposites. Experimental

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• addition, the advantages of alginate-based materials over other drug delivery methods and enhancement for sensing applications will be compared. Furthermore, several environmental, biomedical, and pharmaceutical sensing applications of alginate-based nanocomposites will be reviewed. This review will also

Therapeutic effect of F127-folate@PLGA/CHL/IR780 nanoparticles on folate receptor-expressing cancer cells

• Thi Ngoc Han Pham,
• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan Thang Cao,
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen,
• Vy Tran Anh and
• Hieu Vu_Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 954–964, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.78

• scattering (DLS) and zeta potential spectra measurements were carried out in three replicates on a nanoPartica Horiba SZ-100 (Japan) with a scattering angle of 90° at 25 °C to determine the size distribution and stability of the nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) The F127-folate@PLGA/CHL

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• nanocomposites based on sp-hybridized carbon chains [64]. Liang et al. specified the conditions for inhibition of phase crystallization and, hence, the formation of metallic glass nanoparticles in organic solvents, which was attributed to the carbon doping of the amorphous phase as well as carbon shell formation

Aero-ZnS prepared by physical vapor transport on three-dimensional networks of sacrificial ZnO microtetrapods

• Veaceslav Ursaki,
• Tudor Braniste,
• Victor Zalamai,
• Emil Rusu,
• Vladimir Ciobanu,
• Vadim Morari,
• Daniel Podgornii,
• Pier Carlo Ricci,
• Rainer Adelung and
• Ion Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 490–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.44

• materials revealed by XRD and PL spectral analyses (Figure 7) may be beneficial from the point of view of preparing various nanocomposites in a controlled manner, providing opportunities for bandgap engineering. This approach is interesting for the alignment of the conduction and valence bands of the

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible light by cobalt ferrite nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots

• Vo Chau Ngoc Anh,
• Le Thi Thanh Nhi,
• Le Thi Kim Dung,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Truong Son,
• Nguyen Thi Thao Uyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Uyen Thu,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Le Trung Hieu,
• Tran Ngoc Tuyen and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 475–489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.43

• this study, we describe an eco-friendly facile hydrothermal method to prepare magnetic CF/GQDs nanocomposites. The CF nanoparticles, 8–10 nm in diameter, were highly dispersed in a graphene quantum dot matrix and directly formed at 200 °C. Stacking GQDs sheets onto the CF nanoparticles resulted in CF

• /GQDs nanoparticles. Magnetic properties, morphology, structure, and fluorescence of the nanocomposites were studied, and the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue as a dye model and the mechanism of methylene degradation were also addressed. Experimental Materials Cobalt(II) nitrate hexahydrate

• the valence band to the conduction band (Equation 1). Hence, photoinduced electron transfer possibly takes place from CF to GQDs, which are excellent acceptors [39] (Equation 2). This retards the recombination of electrons and holes in the nanocomposites [40]. The photoinduced holes are, therefore

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• sites are responsible for the adsorption, activation, and dissociation of the reactants, while the desorption occurs at the gold sites. The combination of multiple metals significantly improves the catalytic efficiency through synergistic effects. The nanocomposites not only disrupt the redox

• combinational approach decreases both ROS levels and inflammation [150][151]. Moreover, though excellent ROS scavenging, metal and metal oxide effectively protect miRNA146a from oxidative damage [152][153]. However, intradermal injection is required to deliver the antioxidant nanocomposites into the body, which

• hydrogels (such as gelatin methacryloyl, chitosan/polycaprolactone, polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan, and polypyrrole-grafted gelatin) were combined to generate diverse combinations of nanocomposites for wound repair [156][157][158][159][160][161]. This strategy not only endows nanoantioxidants with topical