The influence of porosity on nanoparticle formation in hierarchical aluminophosphates

• Matthew E. Potter,
• Lauren N. Riley,
• Alice E. Oakley,
• Panashe M. Mhembere,
• June Callison and
• Robert Raja

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1952–1957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.191

• 0FA, UK Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK 10.3762/bjnano.10.191 Abstract In this work we explore the deposition of gold onto a silicoaluminophosphate, using a variety of known nanoparticle deposition techniques. By comparing the gold particles

• deposited on a traditional microporous aluminophosphate, with an analogous hierarchical species, containing both micropores and mesopores, we explore the influence of this dual porosity on nanoparticle deposition. We show that the presence of mesopores has limited influence on the nanoparticle properties

• , but allows the system to maintain porosity after nanoparticle deposition. This will aid diffusion of reagents through the system, allowing continued access to the active sites in hierarchical systems, which offers significant potential in catalytic oxidation/reduction reactions. Keywords

Synthesis and potent cytotoxic activity of a novel diosgenin derivative and its phytosomes against lung cancer cells

• Liang Xu,
• Dekang Xu,
• Ziying Li,
• Yu Gao and
• Haijun Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1933–1942, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.189

• (b). In vitro antiproliferative activity of blank lipid nanoparticle (P), DiP, and P2P. (A) The cytotoxicity of different concentrations of P (a), DiP (b), and P2P (c) against A549 cells for 24, 48 and 72 h. (B) The cytotoxicity of different concentrations of P (a), DiP (b), and P2P (c) against PC9

Fabrication and characterization of Si_1−xGe_x nanocrystals in as-grown and annealed structures: a comparative study

• Muhammad Taha Sultan,
• Adrian Valentin Maraloiu,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Jón Tómas Gudmundsson,
• Andrei Manolescu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Magdalena Lidia Ciurea and
• Halldór Gudfinnur Svavarsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.182

• /nanoparticle (NCs/NPs) interfaces. Several studies have been devoted to the morphology of the interface between oxide matrices and NCs [8][9][10]. The interface of these structures has been a matter of concern in studying optical response as it may give rise to dangling bonds acting as electrically active

Microfluidic manufacturing of different niosomes nanoparticles for curcumin encapsulation: Physical characteristics, encapsulation efficacy, and drug release

• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Ibrahim Khadra,
• Abdullah Albaloushi,
• Margaret Mullin,
• Hanin Alyamani and
• Valerie A. Ferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1826–1832, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.177

• capability. These results demonstrate that niosomes prepared by microfluidic mixing to encapsulate curcumin are a promising delivery system to reach target cells. Keywords: curcumin; drug delivery; microfluidic mixing; niosomes nanoparticle; Introduction Curcumin is a natural product that is derived from

• unwanted side effects [8][9]. Liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes are among the most common types of nanoparticle delivery systems [10]. These efforts have been reported in several studies. For example, Guo et al

• the particle sizes, where smaller particles were obtained at a ratio of 3:1 compared to a ratio of 1:1 for both formulations. These results confirm previously reported results about niosomes prepared by microfluidic mixing [15]. Encapsulation of curcumin The potential of a nanoparticle delivery system

Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

• Barbara Pem,
• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Lea Ulm,
• Ivan Pavičić,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ljubojević,
• Adela Krivohlavek and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

• the polymer-based nanoparticles with the same core material, while the use of glutathione for nanoparticle stabilization was considerably less toxic. These results represent a significant contribution to understanding the role of biothiols on the fate and behavior of metal-based nanomaterials

Lipid nanostructures for antioxidant delivery: a comparative preformulation study

• Elisabetta Esposito,
• Maddalena Sguizzato,
• Markus Drechsler,
• Paolo Mariani,
• Federica Carducci,
• Claudio Nastruzzi,
• Giuseppe Valacchi and
• Rita Cortesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1789–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.174

• ]. The choice of the type and concentration of the nanoparticle lipid matrix is crucial since it can affect the physico-chemical aspects of SLNs and NLCs, the encapsulation parameters, as well as the long-term stability of the formulation. Thus, in view of an industrial production, a preliminary

• , compritol or suppocire), while in the case of NLC, a mixture between one solid lipid and the liquid lipid caprylic/capric triglycerides (miglyol) (1:1 w/w ratio) was employed. In both cases the lipid phase was 5 or 10% by weight, with respect to the whole weight of the dispersion. The nanoparticle

• , the emulsion was subjected to ultrasound homogenization at 6.75 kHz for 15 min (Microson ultrasonic Cell Disruptor-XL Minisonix) and allowed to cool at 25 °C. Lipid nanoparticle dispersions were stored at room temperature. In the case of drug-loaded nanoparticles, TOC (0.4–0.8% w/w with respect to the

Growth dynamics and light scattering of gold nanoparticles in situ synthesized at high concentration in thin polymer films

• Corentin Guyot,
• Philippe Vandestrick,
• Ingrid Marenne,
• Olivier Deparis and
• Michel Voué

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1768–1777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.172

• regimes in the dynamics of the nanoparticle growth and in the optical response of the nanocomposite. Keywords: gold; imaging ellipsometry; metal nanoparticles; plasmonic nanocomposite; polymer films; Introduction Over the last 20 years, numerous studies were carried out to investigate the optical

• to be also dependent on the chemical nature of the counterions in the gold salt [25]. In the present samples, there is a deviation from the circular shape, for which the perimeter/area relationship is given by P = 2π1/2A1/2 ≃ 3.55A1/2 where P is the perimeter of the nanoparticle and A its projected

Synthesis of nickel/gallium nanoalloys using a dual-source approach in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazole ionic liquids

• Ilka Simon,
• Julius Hornung,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Maik Finze,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1754–1767, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.171

• , Figure S2 and Figure S3). Annealing of nanoparticle samples is known to improve the crystallinity of the nanoparticles [47][48]. The decomposition of Ni(COD)2 and GaCp* in [BMIm][NTf2] was repeated under the same conditions, but with a longer decomposition time of 30 min, in order to induce annealing in

• (CN)3] no nanoparticle formation was observed. Catalysis Previously reported NiGa nanoparticles synthesized in [BMIm][BF4] with a size distribution of 14 ± 5 nm were used successfully in the semihydrogenation reaction of the terminal alkyne 1-octyne and the internal alkyne diphenylacetylene, with

• substrate in the upper phase. Studies have shown that catalyses in ionic liquids are slower due to diffusion limitations and, thus, lower conversion rates are obtained than in solventless systems [61]. Still, catalysis in ionic liquids achieves the same selectivities. Also, the IL prevents nanoparticle

Doxorubicin-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles overcome transporter-mediated drug resistance in drug-adapted cancer cells

• Hannah Onafuye,
• Sebastian Pieper,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
• Mark N. Wass,
• Klaus Langer and
• Martin Michaelis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1707–1715, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.166

• -NB-3rVCR1 and UKF-NB-3rDOX20 cells relative to doxorubicin solution, but not in UKF-NB-3 cells. UKF-NB-3rVCR1 cells were re-sensitised by nanoparticle-encapsulated doxorubicin to the level of UKF-NB-3 cells. UKF-NB-3rDOX20 cells displayed a more pronounced resistance phenotype than UKF-NB-3rVCR1

• cells and were not re-sensitised by doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles to the level of parental cells. ABCB1 inhibition using zosuquidar resulted in similar effects like nanoparticle incorporation, indicating that doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles successfully circumvent ABCB1-mediated drug efflux. The

• resistance [6]. This includes various nanoparticle and liposome formulations of the ABCB1 substrate doxorubicin [7][8][9][10][11][12]. Here, we here investigated the effects of doxorubicin-loaded human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles in ABCB1-expressing neuroblastoma cells. HSA nanoparticles are easy to

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• and co-workers demonstrated two-dimensional co-patterned structures of carbazole-based conductive polymers and gold by nanosphere lithography [217]. Huang and co-workers proposed a high-yield LB method for nanoparticle films through electrospray techniques to significantly reduce the spreading of

Development of a new hybrid approach combining AFM and SEM for the nanoparticle dimensional metrology

• Loïc Crouzier,
• Alexandra Delvallée,
• Sébastien Ducourtieux,
• Laurent Devoille,
• Guillaume Noircler,
• Christian Ulysse,
• Olivier Taché,
• Elodie Barruet,
• Christophe Tromas and
• Nicolas Feltin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1523–1536, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.150

• proposes a new approach of hybrid metrology taking advantage of the complementary nature of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques for measuring the main characteristic parameters of nanoparticle (NP) dimensions in 3D. The NP area equivalent, the minimal and the

• equality between their height and their lateral diameters. However, discrepancies between AFM and SEM measurements have been observed, showing significant deviation from sphericity as a function of the nanoparticle size. Keywords: AFM; hybrid metrology; nanoparticles; SEM; size distribution; uncertainty

• lateral NP diameters in SEM. The min and max Feret diameters, DFmin and DFmax, are determined from the projected image of the nanoparticle on XY-plane. Typically, the profile built from the SEM image of a single NP, as given in Figure 1, exhibits edges that are not completely vertical. Hence, one problem

Hierarchically structured 3D carbon nanotube electrodes for electrocatalytic applications

• Pei Wang,
• Katarzyna Kulp and
• Michael Bron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1475–1487, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.146

• (CNT/CNT/GC) exhibit enhanced double-layer capacitance and thus larger surface area compared to CNT/GC. Pt electrodeposition onto both types of electrodes yields a uniform and homogeneous Pt nanoparticle distribution. Each preparation step is followed by scanning electron microscopy, while the CNTs

Energy distribution in an ensemble of nanoparticles and its consequences

• Dieter Vollath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1452–1457, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.143

• : energy distribution; isothermal ensemble; nanoparticle ensemble; normal distribution; particle size distribution; temperature distribution; Introduction General theoretical considerations about ensembles of nanoparticles assume that the ensemble is isothermal. To connect these theoretical considerations

• the larger particle sizes. However, also in this case, the results may be taken as equal within the scattering range of the particle sizes. Furthermore, one must be aware of the fact that the experimental values obtained for nanoparticle size are, to some extent, dependent on the measurement method

Selective gas detection using Mn₃O₄/WO₃ composites as a sensing layer

• Yongjiao Sun,
• Zhichao Yu,
• Wenda Wang,
• Pengwei Li,
• Gang Li,
• Wendong Zhang,
• Lin Chen,
• Serge Zhuivkov and
• Jie Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1423–1433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.140

• -nanoparticle-decorated WO3 nanorods, where 1 wt % Pd-WO3 showed excellent selectivity to H2 (>1000 times) over other gases and WO3 shows almost no selectivity [10]. Choi et al. fabricated gas sensors based on pristine WO3 nanorods and Cr2O3-functionalized WO3 nanorods. The gas sensing results showed that the

Gas sensing properties of individual SnO₂ nanowires and SnO₂ sol–gel nanocomposites

• Alexey V. Shaposhnik,
• Dmitry A. Shaposhnik,
• Sergey Yu. Turishchev,
• Olga A. Chuvenkova,
• Stanislav V. Ryabtsev,
• Alexey A. Vasiliev,
• Xavier Vilanova,
• Francisco Hernandez-Ramirez and
• Joan R. Morante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1380–1390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.136

• and high surface-to-volume ratio, obtained by sintering, are traditionally used as sensing materials. By means of preparation methods such as magnetron sputtering, laser ablation, and pulverization, layer-by-layer nanoparticle deposition can be achieved with adhesion to the substrate and to previously

Highly ordered mesoporous silica film nanocomposites containing gold nanoparticles for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol

• Mohamad Azani Jalani,
• Leny Yuliati,
• Siew Ling Lee and
• Hendrik O. Lintang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1368–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.135

• -nitrophenol at room temperature, the highly ordered structure of the as-fabricated silica/gold nanoparticle thin film composite after thermal hydrogen reduction at 210 °C resulted in an improved catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol compared to the material calcined at 250 °C

• . Such catalytic activity is due to the presence of gold nanoparticles of smaller size in the silicate channels of the highly ordered mesoporous film nanocomposites. Keywords: catalyst; gold nanoparticle; mesoporous silica; nanocomposite; thermal hydrogen reduction; 4-nitrophenol reduction

• the AuNPs on the substrate. Conclusion By using calcination and thermal hydrogen reduction in the range of 190 to 450 °C, we have demonstrated that mesoporous silica/gold nanoparticle thin film composites with a hexagonal structure could be successfully fabricated from as-synthesized mesostructured

The effect of magneto-crystalline anisotropy on the properties of hard and soft magnetic ferrite nanoparticles

• Hajar Jalili,
• Bagher Aslibeiki,
• Ali Ghotbi Varzaneh and
• Volodymyr A. Chernenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1348–1359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.133

• importance to understand the physics of nanoparticle ensembles, which, in turn, is needed to develop technological applications of these systems. Among ferrites, CoFe2O4 NPs are of considerable interest because of their moderate saturation magnetization, good chemical stability and high intrinsic

Janus-micromotor-based on–off luminescence sensor for active TNT detection

• Ye Yuan,
• Changyong Gao,
• Daolin Wang,
• Chang Zhou,
• Baohua Zhu and
• Qiang He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1324–1331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.131

• Kuang Jie 2, Harbin 150080, China 10.3762/bjnano.10.131 Abstract An active TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) catalytic sensor based on Janus upconverting nanoparticle (UCNP)-functionalized micromotor capsules, displaying “on–off” luminescence with a low limit of detection has been developed. The Janus

On the relaxation time of interacting superparamagnetic nanoparticles and implications for magnetic fluid hyperthermia

• Andrei Kuncser,
• Nicusor Iacob and
• Victor E. Kuncser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1280–1289, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.127

• nanoparticle size can be large enough to open a hysteresis loop), so it becomes really difficult to compare experimental results on SAR with the above-mentioned approach. On the other hand, according to the above-mentioned theory, the out-of-phase component of the susceptibility of interacting nanoparticles

• experimental support for the specific influence of the magnetic dipolar interactions on different parameters in the relaxation law of nanoparticles in the dynamic magnetic regime has been provided in [26]. Accordingly, it has been experimentally proven that the effect of the nanoparticle interaction is not

• only to increase the anisotropy energy barrier per nanoparticle but also to decrease the specific time constant in the simplest Néel–Brown expression of the relaxation time, which is usually considered only as a material dependent parameter. In this context, the threefold aim of this paper is: (i) to

A silver-nanoparticle/cellulose-nanofiber composite as a highly effective substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Yongxin Lu,
• Yan Luo,
• Zehao Lin and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1270–1279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.126

• . This low-cost, highly sensitive, and biocompatible paper-based SERS substrate holds considerable potentials for the detection and analyses of chemical and biomolecular species. Keywords: cellulose nanofiber; composites; nanoarchitectonics; silver nanoparticle; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) onto the surfaces of the cellulose nanofibers (NFs) in ordinary laboratory filter paper by means of the one-step silver mirror reaction. Both size and density of the of the silver nanoparticles on the substrates could be controlled. This paper-based silver-nanoparticle/cellulose-nanofiber

• . Results and Discussion Characterization of the Ag-NP/cellulose-NF composite The silver-nanoparticle/cellulose-nanofiber SERS substrates were fabricated by deposition of silver nanoparticles onto the surfaces of the cellulose nanofibers of ordinary laboratory filter paper by the silver mirror reaction. As

Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

Green fabrication of lanthanide-doped hydroxide-based phosphors: Y(OH)₃:Eu³⁺ nanoparticles for white light generation

• Tugrul Guner,
• Anilcan Kus,
• Mehmet Ozcan,
• Aziz Genc,
• Hasan Sahin and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.119

• shown. (Experimental note: The above presented maps are obtained from the Eu M5,4 edges located at 1131 eV and 1161 eV and Y L3,2 edges located at 2080 eV and 2155 eV by using a 1 eV/channel.) The elements Y and Eu exhibit an even distribution throughout the nanoparticle volume with some presence of

Tailoring the magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles using the polyol process

• Malek Bibani,
• Romain Breitwieser,
• Alex Aubert,
• Vincent Loyau,
• Silvana Mercone,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1166–1176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.116

• piezoelectric polymers. Keywords: cobalt ferrite; magnetocrystalline anisotropy; magnetostriction; nanoparticle; non-stoichiometry; polyol process; Introduction Recently, extrinsically (or artificially) magnetoelectric (ME) multiferroic (MF) materials have been seriously investigated for many applications in

• magnetostriction amplitude of 590 ppm [12] while its nanoparticle counterparts exhibit an amplitude between 90 and 215 ppm, depending, e.g., on their synthesis conditions and their composition [13][14]. A few years ago, Nlebedim et al. demonstrated the influence of the composition (x) on the magnetocrystalline

• the high coercivity observed in TetEG at 300 and 10 K. Thus, for equal nanoparticle sizes, equal time of reaction and equal composition, the TetEG solvent seems to optimize the magnetic behavior of the nanopowders in regard to the targeted applications. Additionally, they present saturation

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• morphologies, to immobilize these types of nanoparticles mainly plays a role in i) the control of their size and size distribution on the solid surface, ii) the mitigation or suppression of the nanoparticle aggregation, and iii) the hierarchical design for selectivity enhancements in the catalytic

Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as a saturable absorber for giant chirped pulse generation

• Ji-Shu Liu,
• Xiao-Hui Li,
• Abdul Qyyum,
• Yi-Xuan Guo,
• Tong Chai,
• Hua Xu and
• Jie Jiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1065–1072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.107

• ultrafast recovery time of 18–30 ps [3]. FONPs can be classified as a semiconductor material (with a band gap of ≈0.3 eV), which can be modulated by tuning the nanoparticle diameter [4]. For the magnetite (Fe3O4) material of anti-spinel structure, Fe(II) and Fe(III) of the octahedral position of the crystal

• optical and ultrafast photonic devices. Diagram of the erbium-doped fiber laser with ring cavity and Fe3O4 nanoparticle saturable absorber. (a) Synthesis process of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The inset shows a picture of the sample and the end of the fiber sample. (b) The lattice structure of Fe3O4. (c