Nanoporous water oxidation electrodes with a low loading of laser-deposited Ru/C exhibit enhanced corrosion stability

• Sandra Haschke,
• Dmitrii Pankin,
• Vladimir Mikhailovskii,
• Maïssa K. S. Barr,
• Adriana Both-Engel,
• Alina Manshina and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.15

• procedure and renders it widely available. Laser-induced deposition on nanoporous substrates This successful Ru/C laser deposition can now be transferred to anodic alumina templates featuring ordered arrays of parallel and cylindrical nanopores. The full preparation procedure is delineated in Figure 5. In

• > 13 μm. The current density loss is even more pronounced for η = 0.20 V than for 0.10 V, which can be attributed to transport limitation, since diffusion becomes more limiting at faster catalytic turnover. A similar observation was already made for Fe2O3-coated Al2O3 nanopores in the oxygen evolution

Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing

• Philip D. Prewett,
• Cornelis W. Hagen,
• Claudia Lenk,
• Steve Lenk,
• Marcus Kaestner,
• Tzvetan Ivanov,
• Ahmad Ahmad,
• Ivo W. Rangelow,
• Xiaoqing Shi,
• Stuart A. Boden,
• Alex P. G. Robinson,
• Dongxu Yang,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Marijke Scotuzzi and
• Ejaz Huq

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2855–2882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.266

• literature including EUV mask repair [89], cutting of nanotubes [90] and etching of holes in thin films. In this review we enumerate the major contributions in high-resolution EBIE which, although relatively few in number, clearly demonstrate the potential of the technique. The fabrication of nanopores, for

Nanoscale characterization of the temporary adhesive of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus

• Ana S. Viana and
• Romana Santos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2277–2286, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.212

• and neutral glycans, being produced, stored and delivered by a single cell type that encloses four types of secretory granules. When visualized with AFM, H. magnipapillata adhesive was found to be a homogenous meshwork with nanopores of about 0.5–1 μm, but no globular nanostructures were detected. The

The inhibition effect of water on the purification of natural gas with nanoporous graphene membranes

• Krzysztof Nieszporek,
• Tomasz Pańczyk and
• Jolanta Nieszporek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1906–1916, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.182

• interesting review on carbon- and nitrogen-based materials [10]. Hauser and Schwerdtfeger [11] studied theoretically the ability of functionalized graphene nanopores to separate methane from air. Recently, Guerrero-Avilés and Orellana performed ab initio MD simulations to study the interactions between

• permeation rate due to hydrogen-bonding with the nanopore rim. In this paper, by means of classical molecular dynamics, we discuss such an inhibiting effect of water on the gas permeability. Employing different nanopores functionalized by hydrogen and nitrogen atoms, we conduct theoretical studies on the

• separation capability of graphene membranes for natural gas mixtures. The phenomenon of clustering of water in the vicinity of nanopores, is clearly visible in all separation systems including the nanopores functionalized by nitrogen atoms. Although this paper is purely theoretical, the authors believe that

Light extraction efficiency enhancement of flip-chip blue light-emitting diodes by anodic aluminum oxide

• Yi-Ru Huang,
• Yao-Ching Chiu,
• Kuan-Chieh Huang,
• Shao-Ying Ting,
• Po-Jui Chiang,
• Chih-Ming Lai,
• Chun-Ping Jen,
• Snow H. Tseng and
• Hsiang-Chen Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1602–1612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.152

• aluminum oxide (AAO) structure with periodic nanopores on the surface of flip-chip blue light-emitting diodes (FC-BLEDs). The nanopores had diameters ranging from 73 to 85 nm and were separated by distances ranging from approximately 10 to 15 nm. The light extraction efficiency enhancement of the FC-BLEDs

• subjected to different durations of the second pore-widening process was approximately 1.6–2.9%. The efficiency enhancement may be attributed to the following mechanism: periodic nanopores on the surface of FC-BLEDs reduce the critical angle of total reflection and effective energy transfer from a light

• and elemental distribution of the nanopores, the TEM images of the three samples were acquired. The images are shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, and Figure 5. In these figures, the measurement scale is accurate in the x-direction, whereas in the y-direction, it is magnified to help identify the integrity

Nanoporous silicon nitride-based membranes of controlled pore size, shape and areal density: Fabrication as well as electrophoretic and molecular filtering characterization

• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Stefan Beirle,
• Fabian Enderle,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Othmar Marti and
• Alfred Plettl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1390–1398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.131

• nanoscale. Application to commercially available silicon nitride membranes of well-defined thickness, delivers a diaphragm with millions of nanopores of intended and controlled size, shape, and areal density with narrow distributions of these parameters. Electrophoretic transport measurements indicated a

• very low flow resistance of these porous membranes in ionic solutions as expected theoretically. Size-selective separation of protein molecules was demonstrated by real-time fluorescence microscopy. Keywords: ion transport; micellar technique; molecular filtration; nanopores; solid-state membrane

• defined nanopores restricts them to small numbers of pores or specific arrangements, hindering high throughput [21][22]. With this aspect in mind, parallel fabrication techniques, based on self-assembly of polymeric components, become essential in combination with appropriate etching procedures. For this

The rational design of a Au(I) precursor for focused electron beam induced deposition

• Ali Marashdeh,
• Thiadrik Tiesma,
• Niels J. C. van Velzen,
• Sjoerd Harder,
• Remco W. A. Havenith,
• Jeff T. M. De Hosson and
• Willem F. van Dorp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2753–2765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.274

• nanopores of a zeolite, directly after synthesis. We expect this to be a challenging experimental route. The second solution is the rational design of a new precursor. Me ligands reduce aurophilic interactions and thereby increase the stability of Au(I) compounds. Also, low-energy electrons are efficient in

Application of visible-light photosensitization to form alkyl-radical-derived thin films on gold

• Rashanique D. Quarels,
• Xianglin Zhai,
• Neepa Kuruppu,
• Jenny K. Hedlund,
• Ashley A. Ellsworth,
• Amy V. Walker,
• Jayne C. Garno and
• Justin R. Ragains

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1863–1877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.187

• from the photosensitized thin film deposition. Subsequent removal of the mesospheres with ultrasonication in ethanol results in the formation of nanopores with exposed substrate at the bottom. We have previously demonstrated the utility of nanopores for the measurement of film thickness using AFM

• subjected to contact angle goniometry and IRRAS analysis. Atomic force microscopy (AFM): The deposition of a thin film using phthalimide ester Phth–Me combined with particle lithography produced a periodic arrangement of nanopores within a thin film of Au–Me on Au(111). The sample was imaged with tapping

• mode in ambient conditions. The sites of nanopores of uncovered gold substrate that were protected by the mesosphere mask appear as dark circles (Figure 1a). The characteristic features of a gold surface such as triangular terrace steps and flat domains are apparent in the topography image. The

Oxidative stabilization of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers and carbon nanofibers containing graphene oxide (GO): a spectroscopic and electrochemical study

• İlknur Gergin,
• Ezgi Ismar and
• A. Sezai Sarac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1616–1628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.161

• -containing oxidized nanofibers have a rough surface. Nanopores of around 38.5 ± 11 nm pore size on the nanofiber surface can help to store large amounts of charge. GO addition into PAN makes a significant change on the EIS results, i.e., the capacitive behavior increases with the increase in the Cdl value of

Relationships between chemical structure, mechanical properties and materials processing in nanopatterned organosilicate fins

• Gheorghe Stan,
• Richard S. Gates,
• Qichi Hu,
• Kevin Kjoller,
• Craig Prater,
• Kanwal Jit Singh,
• Ebony Mays and
• Sean W. King

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 863–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.88

• organosilicate structure. As has been detailed by many others [44], the incorporation of terminal organic groups within a silicate material radically disrupts the Si–O–Si network bonding and forces a more open/lower density structure to be adopted along with the creation of nanopores of varying size and

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of self-assembled thiol monolayers and supported lipid membranes on thin anodic porous alumina

• Marco Salerno,
• Amirreza Shayganpour,
• Barbara Salis and
• Silvia Dante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 74–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.8

• ; SERS; nanopores; supported lipid bilayers; thiols; Introduction Anodic porous alumina (APA) is a layered material usually obtained in thick form (≈10 µm thickness scale) from electrochemical anodization in the acidic aqueous electrolyte of aluminum (Al) foils [1]. In APA, the control of pore size

• the thiol molecules for the formation of SAM onto tAPA–Au and the observation of the respective spectra. The nanopores in the oxide under the Au, which are replicated by the top Au surface thanks to the low Au thickness of ≈25 nm, allowed for SERS effect. In Figure 2c we report the typical Raman

Diffusion of dilute gas in arrays of randomly distributed, vertically aligned, high-aspect-ratio cylinders

• Wojciech Szmyt,
• Carlos Guerra and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 64–73, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.7

• nanopores has been developed by Martin Knudsen more than a century ago [23][24]. Knudsen’s theory handles surface collisions of molecules by diffusive reflection (following Lambert’s cosine law) and neglects specular reflection. It has been successfully and widely tested for microchannels and nanopores [25

• ][26], as well as for ALD growth in nanopores [27][28][29][30][31], and conformal CVD [32] considering kinetic parameters of surface sticking, surface diffusion, adsorption and desorption phenomena as a function of gas pressure and temperature. Recently Arya et al. [33][34] suggested that for

• transport. For nanopores this ratio corresponds straightforwardly to the geometrical aspect ratio of pore length to pore diameter as the transverse molecule flight path is confined by the pore diameter. For nanocylinders arrays the transverse molecule flight path is given by λT (Equation 3) and the aspect

Annealing-induced recovery of indents in thin Au(Fe) bilayer films

• Anna Kosinova,
• Ruth Schwaiger,
• Leonid Klinger and
• Eugen Rabkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2088–2099, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.199

• dissipation and the formation of shallow depressions nearby after subsequent annealing treatments. This annealing-induced evolution of nanoindents was interpreted in terms of annihilation of dislocation loops generated during indentation, accompanied by the formation of nanopores at the grain boundaries and

Fundamental properties of high-quality carbon nanofoam: from low to high density

• Natalie Frese,
• Shelby Taylor Mitchell,
• Christof Neumann,
• Amanda Bowers,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Klaus Sattler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2065–2073, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.197

• electrodes [2]. Copper nanofoams containing both micropores and nanopores have been produced for potential use in energy applications [3], and furthermore, copper nanofoam substrates were used for the production of electrocatalysts [4]. Gold nanofoams have been found to show excellent catalytic properties [5

False positives and false negatives measure less than 0.001% in labeling ssDNA with osmium tetroxide 2,2’-bipyridine

• Anastassia Kanavarioti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1434–1446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.135

• surrogate for nanopore-based DNA sequencing due to OsBp’s “perfect” label attributes. Osmylated deoxyoligos translocate unassisted and measurably slow via sub-2 nm SiN solid-state nanopores, as well as via the alpha-hemolysin (α-HL) pore. Both nanopores discriminate clearly between osmylated and intact

• properties of the degradation products via nanopore translocation can be evaluated to assure base calling quality in a DNA sequencing effort. Keywords: α-hemolysin; capillary electrophoresis; DNA sequencing; high-performance liquid chromatography; nanopores; osmium tetroxide bipyridine; osmylated oligos

• applications [8][9][10]. The advantage of protein pores is that they are well defined and highly reproducible, whereas the advantage of solid-state nanopores is that they can be manufactured to desirable dimensions. Protein pores such as α-HL, a modified version of the Mycobacterium smegmatis porin A (MspA

Dealloying of gold–copper alloy nanowires: From hillocks to ring-shaped nanopores

• Adrien Chauvin,
• Cyril Delacôte,
• Mohammed Boujtita,
• Benoit Angleraud,
• Junjun Ding,
• Chang-Hwan Choi,
• Pierre-Yves Tessier and
• Abdel-Aziz El Mel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1361–1367, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.127

• for several metals and alloys including gold, copper, silver, gold–copper and gold–silver. We demonstrate that applying an electrochemical dealloying process to the gold–copper alloy nanowire arrays allows for transforming the hillocks into ring-like shaped nanopores. The resulting porous gold

Mesoporous hollow carbon spheres for lithium–sulfur batteries: distribution of sulfur and electrochemical performance

• Anika C. Juhl,
• Artur Schneider,
• Boris Ufer,
• Torsten Brezesinski,
• Jürgen Janek and
• Michael Fröba

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1229–1240, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.114

• Information File 1). The density of liquid sulfur was used for the calculation of the theoretical pore volumes because both the state and structure of sulfur in nanopores are unknown. The calculation was carried out for all samples containing less than 60 wt % sulfur as the others contain a sulfur volume

Hierarchical coassembly of DNA–triptycene hybrid molecular building blocks and zinc protoporphyrin IX

• Rina Kumari,
• Sumit Singh,
• Mohan Monisha,
• Sourav Bhowmick,
• Anindya Roy,
• Neeladri Das and
• Prolay Das

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 697–707, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.62

• applications [43][44].These small molecules also provide the template for the construction of self-assembled supramolecular structures that undergo several self-correction steps in the due course of the construction of their complex structures [45]. These structures may be nanopores, nanofibers, nanotubes and

Determination of Young’s modulus of Sb₂S₃ nanowires by in situ resonance and bending methods

• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Alexander I. Livshits,
• Juris Prikulis,
• Subhajit Biswas,
• Justin D. Holmes and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 278–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.25

• approximately four times larger than that obtained in the present study for NWs and that for bulk material [35]. Figure 3 also reveals that the Young’s modulus of NWs grown inside nanopores of an AAO matrix and those outgrown on the surface are very similar within experimental accuracy. To assess the accuracy

Single pyrimidine discrimination during voltage-driven translocation of osmylated oligodeoxynucleotides via the α-hemolysin nanopore

• Yun Ding and
• Anastassia Kanavarioti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 91–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.11

• reproducible, whereas the advantage of the solid-state nanopores is that they can be manufactured to desirable dimensions. Sensing rare DNA bases produced by UV-radiation and other oxidative processes was successfully accomplished by chemically modifying the base and/or immobilizing the strand within the α-HL

• explore nanopores for DNA sequencing [22][23][24][25][26][27]. Early on it became evident that translocation of ssDNA, at about 1 to 2 μs per base, is too fast to report back on the small current modulation associated with the passing of each base [13]. It also became clear that the protein pores, such as

• information by EM imaging [43][44][45]. The more recent advancement of nanopores as single molecule detection devices and the corresponding progress in manufacturing, parallelization, and commercialization of such platforms [24], supported the idea of testing osmylated DNA as a surrogate for nanopore-based

Electrochemical coating of dental implants with anodic porous titania for enhanced osteointegration

• Amirreza Shayganpour,
• Alberto Rebaudi,
• Pierpaolo Cortella,
• Alberto Diaspro and
• Marco Salerno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2183–2192, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.224

• titanium. We anodized dental implants made of commercial grade titanium under different experimental conditions and characterized the resulting surface morphology with scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer. The appearance of nanopores on these implants confirm that

• additive nanoscale patterning. Additional advantages are provided by this material when considering the possible loading of bioactive drugs in the porous cavities. Keywords: anodization; dental implants; nanopores; surface treatment; titania; Introduction Titanium (Ti) is the standard material used for

• same time, it has also been observed in in-vitro experiments that too small nanopores can even be detrimental to living cell adhesion, as they may give rise to a kind of hydrophobic and thus antiwetting behavior [27]. In Figure 3b, the EDS analysis confirms the presence of Ti oxide on the surface. In

Imaging of carbon nanomembranes with helium ion microscopy

• André Beyer,
• Henning Vieker,
• Robin Klett,
• Hanno Meyer zu Theenhausen,
• Polina Angelova and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1712–1720, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.175

• where the membranes were exposed to highly charged ions [27]. This treatment induced nanopores in the size range of 10 nm, which were imaged by HIM with a reasonably high resolution [27]. Note that high resolution imaging of large freestanding CNMs requires the use of the electron flood gun for charge

Enhancing the thermoelectric figure of merit in engineered graphene nanoribbons

• Hatef Sadeghi,
• Sara Sangtarash and
• Colin J. Lambert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1176–1182, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.119

• Hatef Sadeghi Sara Sangtarash Colin J. Lambert Quantum Technology Centre, Department of Physics, Lancaster University, LA1 4YB Lancaster, UK 10.3762/bjnano.6.119 Abstract We demonstrate that thermoelectric properties of graphene nanoribbons can be dramatically improved by introducing nanopores

• ) in low dimensional materials [8]. In what follows we apply this approach to engineered graphene nanoribbons [9][10] and show that introducing nanopores into bilayer graphene [11], a room-temperature ZTe higher than 2 could be achieved. Computational methods The electrical conductance G(T), the

• investigating the thermoelectric properties of various forms of engineered graphene, obtained by sculpting nanopores in bilayer graphene and allowing the pore surface to reconstruct [9]. Pores in bilayer graphene are not only more stable than anti-dots in monolayer graphene, but should also be effective in

Tunable magnetism on the lateral mesoscale by post-processing of Co/Pt heterostructures

• Oleksandr V. Dobrovolskiy,
• Maksym Kompaniiets,
• Roland Sachser,
• Fabrizio Porrati,
• Christian Gspan,
• Harald Plank and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1082–1090, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.109

• photomask repair [20] to fabrication of nanowires [17][21], nanopores [22], magnetic [5][12] and strain sensors [23] as well as direct-write superconductors [24]. The precursors Co2(CO)8 and (CH3)3CH3PtC5H4 from which Pt- an Co-based structures can be fabricated in the FEBID process, like most metal-organic

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105