Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

• catalase and chitosan showed a stability change in response to the pH value. Between 7.4 in phosphate buffer (comparable to the cytoplasm environment) and pH 5.5 in acetate buffer (comparable to the lysosome environment) the diameter of nanoparticles decreased dramatically in the first 60 min [68]. The

Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures

• Debasis Ghosh,
• Lakshmi P. Datta and
• Thimmaiah Govindaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 124–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.11

• scheme of templated DNA nanoarchitectonics. Similarly, fundamental DNA binding interactions of small molecules, viz., intercalation and groove binding, can be used to construct small molecule–DNA ensembles. Williams and co-workers reported a distinct binding mechanism based on the so-called phosphate

• clamp, wherein the DNA backbone phosphate groups were used for the interaction with small functional molecules [78]. Essentially, the interaction of cationic small molecules with the anionic periphery of DNA led to the formation of electrostatically stable small molecule–DNA ensembles. The aromatic

• transfection of plasmid DNA [80]. The dipicolinamide molecules acted as an anion (phosphate) binder and exhibited channel forming properties, thereby becoming an efficient biomaterial for the binding and delivery of cargo DNA. Escherichia coli was chosen as representative bacterium for transfection studies

Internalization mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides

• Ivana Ruseska and
• Andreas Zimmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 101–123, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.10

• hydrophobic residues with the lipid membrane [27]. On the other hand, the ‘toroidal’ model applies for peptides which are able to form α-helices when they come in touch with cellular membranes. According to this model, the interaction between the positive side chains of the peptide and the phosphate groups

• partitioned into lipid phases from the aqueous phase in the presence of phosphatidylglycerol, a behavior of arginine often referred to as “arginine magic”. The guanidine group found on arginine has proven to form bidentate hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interaction with sulfate, phosphate and carboxylate

• peptides to directly cross the cellular membranes involves the formation of pores. A theoretical model using molecular dynamics simulations was proposed for the translocation of the TAT peptide, which explains the relevance of peptide–phosphate interaction during the pore formation [47]. This theoretical

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• water, 5 min with 20 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 (running buffer), 1 min with 0.1 M NaOH, 1 min with deionized water, and finally 1.5 min with the running buffer. Each sample was then injected at 0.5 psi for 10 s, applying 15 kV between the anode and the injection site (normal polarity) for 60 min. At

• point indicates a quantitative displacement of TPP by HA, the driving force of which is the higher avidity of the polysaccharide. For example, the individual phosphate groups of siRNA have most likely the same affinity for chitosan as those of TPP, but siRNA has surely a larger avidity due to its

Fully amino acid-based hydrogel as potential scaffold for cell culturing and drug delivery

• Dávid Juriga,
• Evelin Sipos,
• Orsolya Hegedűs,
• Gábor Varga,
• Miklós Zrínyi,
• Krisztina S. Nagy and
• Angéla Jedlovszky-Hajdú

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2579–2593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.249

• %, puriss), sodium chloride (CAS: 7647-14-5, Sigma-Aldrich, puriss), sodium hydroxide (CAS: 1310-73-2, Reanal, puriss), borax (CAS: 1303-96-4, Hungaropharma, ≥99.5%), disodium hydrogen phosphate (CAS: 7558-79-4, Sigma-Aldrich, ≥98%), trisodium phosphate (CAS: 10101-89-0, Sigma-Aldrich, ≥98%), phosphate

Evaluation of click chemistry microarrays for immunosensing of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

• Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Dadfar,
• Sylwia Sekula-Neuner,
• Vanessa Trouillet,
• Hui-Yu Liu,
• Ravi Kumar,
• Annie K. Powell and
• Michael Hirtz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2505–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.241

• Figure 2b, the antibody coating was performed in two steps. First, the biotinylated surfaces were incubated for 1 h in a solution of 10 μg/mL of streptavidin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The samples were washed with PBS and deionized water and were blow-dried with nitrogen. Second, a solution of

Atomic force acoustic microscopy reveals the influence of substrate stiffness and topography on cell behavior

• Yan Liu,
• Li Li,
• Xing Chen,
• Ying Wang,
• Meng-Nan Liu,
• Jin Yan,
• Liang Cao,
• Lu Wang and
• Zuo-Bin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2329–2337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.223

• placed into a 100 mm cell culture well. After sterilization for 1 h with ultraviolet light, the substrates were rinsed thrice with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and once with the cell-culture medium. Then, the cells (approximately 1 × 105 cells·mL−1) were seeded on the fabricated SU-8 substrates and

Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects

• Sabrina Barbosa de Souza Ferreira,
• Gustavo Braga,
• Évelin Lemos Oliveira,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva,
• Hélen Cássia Rosseto,
• Lidiane Vizioli de Castro Hoshino,
• Mauro Luciano Baesso,
• Wilker Caetano,
• Craig Murdoch,
• Helen Elizabeth Colley and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2304–2328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.222

Targeted therapeutic effect against the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 with a CuFe₂O₄/silica/cisplatin nanocomposite formulation

• B. Rabindran Jermy,
• Vijaya Ravinayagam,
• Widyan A. Alamoudi,
• Dana Almohazey,
• Hatim Dafalla,
• Lina Hussain Allehaibi,
• Abdulhadi Baykal,
• Muhammet S. Toprak and
• Thirunavukkarasu Somanathan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2217–2228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.214

• /HYPS, CuFe2O4/AlMSU-F and CuFe2O4/silicalite nanoformulations. The cellulose membrane dialysis tubing was activated, and drug delivery was performed by immersing the bag containing 30 mg of drug formulations in 50 mL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at pH 5.6. The release was performed under constant

Use of data processing for rapid detection of the prostate-specific antigen biomarker using immunomagnetic sandwich-type sensors

• Camila A. Proença,
• Tayane A. Freitas,
• Thaísa A. Baldo,
• Elsa M. Materón,
• Flávio M. Shimizu,
• Gabriella R. Ferreira,
• Frederico L. F. Soares,
• Ronaldo C. Faria and
• Osvaldo N. Oliveira Jr.

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2171–2181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.210

• incubated with 5 μL of bovine serum albumin (BSA) (2% w/w) diluted in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), to avoid non-specific binding. Preparation of the bioconjugate complex of Ab2 and HRP (Ab2-MNP-HRP). Illustration of the PSA capturing step. Comparison of various sandwich-type immunosensors and

Incorporation of doxorubicin in different polymer nanoparticles and their anticancer activity

• Sebastian Pieper,
• Hannah Onafuye,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
• Mark N. Wass,
• Martin Michaelis and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2062–2072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.201

• (vinyl alcohol) (PVA, 30,000–70,000 Da), bovine serum albumin (BSA), HSA, and glutaraldehyde were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Karlsruhe, Germany). Dulbecco's Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was purchased from Biochrom GmbH (Berlin, Germany). Doxorubicin was obtained from LGC Standards GmbH

• the aqueous doxorubicin solution and 5 mL (1%, m/v) PVA solution to achieve the pre-emulsion. In all experiments to increase the drug load the amount of the polymer was kept constant at 50 mg. To prepare doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles at a defined pH value of 7, a PVA solution (1%, m/v) in phosphate

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• ]. Systematic research on the comparison of recognition efficiencies of a fixed molecular pair (guanidinium and phosphate) revealed that binding constants change significantly depending on interfacial types [148]. The binding constant between guanidinium and phosphate dispersed in aqueous media is only 1.4 M−1

• disadvantageous in the formation of host–guest complexes. However, the incorporation of guanidinium functionality into molecular assemblies such as aqueous micelles and lipid bilayers to place recognition sites at a mesoscopic interface increased the binding constants between guanidinium and phosphate to 102–104

• M−1 [148]. Furthermore, placing a guanidinium functionality at a macroscopic interface, such as air–water, results in a huge enhancement of the binding constant with aqueous phosphate to 106–107 M−1 [150][151]. These facts imply that the molecular sensing capability could be improved by selecting

Gold-coated plant virus as computed tomography imaging contrast agent

• Alaa A. A. Aljabali,
• Mazhar S. Al Zoubi,
• Khalid M. Al-Batanyeh,
• Ali Al-Radaideh,
• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Abeer Al Sharabi,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Bayan AbuFares,
• Tasnim Al-Zanati,
• Murtaza M. Tambuwala,
• Naveed Akbar and
• David J. Evans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1983–1993, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.195

• carbonate, sucrose, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; 25%), 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffer, isopropanol, tetrachloroauric acid, trypsin, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), HEPES sodium salt, Triton™ X-100, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) tablets, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were purchased

• with CPMV (50 μL of 0.1 mg/mL) suspended in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.0. The leaves were sprinkled with tap water to remove the excess carborundum. 14 days after infection, the infected leaves were harvested and stored at −20 °C prior to use. CPMV isolation Infected leaves were homogenized to

• ) against 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.0 for 15 h. Gold hydroxide solution Gold hydroxide solution was prepared following the published protocol [30]. Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (HAuCl4·3H2O) (17.4 mL of 25 mM aqueous solution) was diluted with DD water (982.6 mL), and potassium carbonate (249 mg, 1.8

Magnetic properties of biofunctionalized iron oxide nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

• Natalia E. Gervits,
• Andrey A. Gippius,
• Alexey V. Tkachev,
• Evgeniy I. Demikhov,
• Sergey S. Starchikov,
• Igor S. Lyubutin,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Vladimir P. Chekhonin,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Alevtina S. Semkina and
• Alexander G. Mazhuga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1964–1972, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.193

• phosphate-buffered saline (10 mg mL−1, 1.3 mL) was added to the reaction mixture that was incubated for another 2 h. To remove excess low molecular weight substances and unbound molecules of HSA, the final solution was washed with distilled water on 100 kDa MWCO centrifugal filters (Amicon, USA) until the

Engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for dual-modality imaging of intracranial glioblastoma via EGFRvIII targeting

• Xianping Liu,
• Chengjuan Du,
• Haichun Li,
• Ting Jiang,
• Zimiao Luo,
• Zhiqing Pang,
• Daoying Geng and
• Jun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1860–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.181

• Sigma (USA) and Cy7.5 NHS ester was purchased from Nanocs (USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), trypsin-EDTA (0.25%), high glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and penicillin-streptomycin were purchased from Gibco (CA, USA). The MTT cell proliferation and

Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

• Barbara Pem,
• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Lea Ulm,
• Ivan Pavičić,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ljubojević,
• Adela Krivohlavek and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

• were regularly tested for absence of mycoplasma by means of a direct DNA dye test [85]. When the cells reached 80% confluence, the culture medium was removed with a pipette; the cells were washed once with sterile phosphate buffer saline (PBS), detached from the flask by adding trypsin/EDTA (0.25

Biocatalytic oligomerization-induced self-assembly of crystalline cellulose oligomers into nanoribbon networks assisted by organic solvents

• Yuuki Hata,
• Yuka Fukaya,
• Toshiki Sawada,
• Masahito Nishiura and
• Takeshi Serizawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1778–1788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.173

• ][28]. For example, the cellulase-catalyzed oligomerization of β-ᴅ-cellobiosyl fluoride monomers [29] and the cellodextrin phosphorylase (CDP)-catalyzed oligomerization of α-ᴅ-glucose 1-phosphate (αG1P) monomers from ᴅ-glucose [30][31] and cellobiose [32][33] primers have been demonstrated, where the

• with osmium. The fracture surface was observed by a field-emission scanning electron microscope (JSM-7500F, JEOL) at an accelerating voltage of 5 kV. Analysis of the secondary structure of CDP The secondary structure of CDP was analyzed by CD spectroscopy. CDP was dissolved in a 8 mM phosphate buffer

• organic solvents after the CDP-catalyzed oligomerization reaction. The blue, yellow, and white backgrounds denote the precipitate state, gel state, and trace amount of the products, respectively. The αG1P monomer conversion into insoluble products with organic solvents. CD spectra of CDP in 8 mM phosphate

Doxorubicin-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles overcome transporter-mediated drug resistance in drug-adapted cancer cells

• Hannah Onafuye,
• Sebastian Pieper,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
• Mark N. Wass,
• Klaus Langer and
• Martin Michaelis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1707–1715, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.166

• cells. Experimental Reagents and chemicals HSA and glutaraldehyde were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Karlsruhe, Germany). Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was purchased from Biochrom GmbH (Berlin, Germany). Doxorubicin was obtained from LGC Standards GmbH (Wesel, Germany). All

Upcycling of polyurethane waste by mechanochemistry: synthesis of N-doped porous carbon materials for supercapacitor applications

• Christina Schneidermann,
• Pascal Otto,
• Desirée Leistenschneider,
• Sven Grätz,
• Claudia Eßbach and
• Lars Borchardt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1618–1627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.157

• with two-component foams. The spray of the one-component foam contains small amounts of a flame retardant (tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl)phosphate) and propellants such as propane, isobutene and dimethyl ether, which cause the foaming. The foam has a low density of 25 kg·m−3, which is required for the

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• though this recognition relies on hydrogen bonding. Systematic studies on binding constants of a fixed recognition pair, phosphate and guanidinium ions, revealed a significant influence of the interfacial environment on the interactions between the molecules embedded at various interfaces (Figure 3) [155

• ]. The binding constant between phosphate and guanidinium ions dispersed in water was reported as 1.4 M−1 [156]. Altering the recognition media to rather disorganized mesoscopic interfaces drastically increases the binding constants. The binding constants of phosphate derivatives to the surfaces of

• , simplified recognition-pair structures of phosphate and guanidinium were placed at a model interface of two phases with different dielectric constants of 2 (lipid phase) and 80 (water phase). By fixing the position of the guanidinium moiety at the interface and changing the relative location of the phosphate

Growth of lithium hydride thin films from solutions: Towards solution atomic layer deposition of lithiated films

• Ivan Kundrata,
• Karol Fröhlich,
• Lubomír Vančo,
• Matej Mičušík and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1443–1451, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.142

• LIPON battery in which the solid electrolyte consists of nitrogen-doped lithium phosphate, present several shortcomings. One of them is the use of sputtering [1] for the deposition of the thin layers. Inherently, sputtering does not yield coatings with high conformity on non-planar substrates. Low

Multicomponent bionanocomposites based on clay nanoarchitectures for electrochemical devices

• Giulia Lo Dico,
• Bernd Wicklein,
• Lorenzo Lisuzzo,
• Giuseppe Lazzara,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.129

• to 50 mM glucose in phosphate-buffered solution (PBS). The intensity of the oxidation and reduction peaks of Fe(CN6)4− at 0.19 and 0.33 V, respectively, increases significantly in presence of glucose. Together with the change of the CV curve shape this confirms the catalytic behaviour of the

• horseradish) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co., 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) was obtained from Fluka. Trisodium phosphate dodecahydrate (ca. 98%), was furnished by Sigma and phosphoric acid (85%) by Carlo Erba. Bi-distilled water (18.2 MΩ·cm) was obtained from a Maxima

• in 1.0 M KCl) was used as a reference electrode. In the biosensing tests, the working electrode was a film of 30 × 5 mm × 0.014 (3.49 mg, containing 0.028 mg of immobilized GOx) immersed in a potassium ferricyanide solution (0.2 mM) as mediator containing 0.1 M of phosphate buffered solution (pH 7

Enhanced inhibition of influenza virus infection by peptide–noble-metal nanoparticle conjugates

• Zaid K. Alghrair,
• David G. Fernig and
• Bahram Ebrahimi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1038–1047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.104

• functionalise the nanoparticles with FluPep ligand, this was incorporated into the initial ligand mix at the molar fraction indicated in the figure legends. The ligand mixture was added to 900 µL (gold or silver) nanoparticles and vortex-mixed. Once mixed, 100 µL of 10× phosphate-buffered saline (PBS: 137 mM

Tailoring the stability/aggregation of one-dimensional TiO₂(B)/titanate nanowires using surfactants

• Atiđa Selmani,
• Johannes Lützenkirchen,
• Kristina Kučanda,
• Dario Dabić,
• Engelbert Redel,
• Ida Delač Marion,
• Damir Kralj,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin and
• Maja Dutour Sikirić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1024–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.103

• different solution and interfacial behavior compared to corresponding conventional monomeric surfactants [32][33][34]. The interaction of gemini surfactants with solid (nano)surfaces such as clay [35], calcium phosphate [36], silica [37][38][39][40], TiO2 [41], ZnO [42] and carbon NTs [43] have been

Serum type and concentration both affect the protein-corona composition of PLGA nanoparticles

• Katrin Partikel,
• Robin Korte,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Hans-Ulrich Humpf and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1002–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.101

• obtained from Promega Corporation (Madison, USA). Urea was purchased from Acros Organics (New Jersey, USA). Human liver cancer cells (HepG2) were kindly provided by the Institute of Food Chemistry of the University of Muenster, Germany. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium

• with Lumogen® Red-loaded PLGA NPs, free Lumogen® Red or serum-free medium as previously described. After 6 h, the cells were washed twice with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS++, containing Ca2+ and Mg2+) and fixed for 15 min with 4% paraformaldehyde at room temperature. After an additional washing step