Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

• Nonappa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42

• complexes primarily rely on chelation of metal ions with carboxylic groups, therefore the diversity of ligand design is limited. The discovery of green fluorescent protein (GFP) led to remarkable progress in bioimaging including protein quantification, tracking, sensing as well as imaging various

Interfacial charge transfer processes in 2D and 3D semiconducting hybrid perovskites: azobenzene as photoswitchable ligand

• Nicole Fillafer,
• Tobias Seewald,
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 466–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.38

• . Therefore, an exact quantification of the photo-initiated back reaction is not possible, because precipitated particles could not be irradiated with blue light (438 nm) and this would falsify the determination of the DOI value. The enhancement of the conformational change from trans to cis may originate

Electrochemically derived functionalized graphene for bulk production of hydrogen peroxide

• Munaiah Yeddala,
• Pallavi Thakur,
• Anugraha A and
• Tharangattu N. Narayanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 432–442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.34

• details of the calculation for the number of electrons transferred are given in Supporting Information File 1. The quantification of the H2O2 produced was carried out using a UV–vis spectrometer [37][61]. A calibration curve was made using 1 mM Ce(SO4)2 (25 mL) solution, 1% H2O2 solution (30% H2O2

• collected and used for the quantification of the H2O2. The details of the quantification are given in Supporting Information File 1. (a) High resolution O 1s XPS spectra of different EEG samples. (b) BET isotherms of different EEG samples. The CV profiles of different EEG samples in (a) acidic (0.5 M H2SO4

• at 0.358 V (vs RHE, from Figure 4a). Supporting Information The supporting information includes additional TEM images, a detailed description of the quantification of H2O2, deconvoluted XPS spectra of O 1s, AFM analysis, FTIR spectra, ECSA calculations, and RRDE analysis for all EEG samples

Brome mosaic virus-like particles as siRNA nanocarriers for biomedical purposes

• Alfredo Nuñez-Rivera,
• Pierrick G. J. Fournier,
• Danna L. Arellano,
• Ana G. Rodriguez-Hernandez,
• Rafael Vazquez-Duhalt and
• Ruben D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 372–382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.28

• RiboGreen RNA assay (ThermoFisher Scientific) and NanoOrange protein quantification kit (ThermoFisher Scientific), respectively. Knockdown of gene expression by VLP-siGFP MDA-MB-231/GFP cells were seeded in a 12-well plate when the cells reached 70% confluence; they were synchronized in basal media

Poly(1-vinylimidazole) polyplexes as novel therapeutic gene carriers for lung cancer therapy

• Gayathri Kandasamy,
• Elena N. Danilovtseva,
• Vadim V. Annenkov and
• Uma Maheswari Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 354–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.26

• violet for 20 min and washed with DPBS. The chambers were air-dried and observed using phase contrast microscopy and imaged. The numbers of cells were counted at ten different fields for quantification. Microarray analysis For performing microarray analysis, the quality of the total isolated RNA was

An advanced structural characterization of templated meso-macroporous carbon monoliths by small- and wide-angle scattering techniques

• Felix M. Badaczewski,
• Marc O. Loeh,
• Torben Pfaff,
• Dirk Wallacher,
• Daniel Clemens and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 310–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.23

• matching fluid allowed for the quantification of the volume of accessible and inaccessible micro- and mesopores in relation to the carbon precursor and the heat treatment. Interestingly, a thorough analysis of the SANS data using the chord-length distribution (CLD) concept reveals a subtle picture of these

Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

• Maximilian Wassner,
• Markus Eckardt,
• Andreas Reyer,
• Thomas Diemant,
• Michael S. Elsaesser,
• R. Jürgen Behm and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.1

• if it were dominated only by the carbon core. Therefore, a simple quantification of the effect of the shell on the ORR performance is not possible. Nevertheless, it is clear from this comparison that the oxynitride shell does not lead to a general improvement of the ORR performance of the nitrided

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• ). Please note that any influence of phenol-red was ruled out by using medium as blank and subtracting its absorbance to all wells before calculating metabolic activity. Quantification of cell uptake. HCT-116 (20,000 cells/cm2) and RAW 264.7 (30,000 cells/cm2) were seeded in 12-well plates and left to

• direct (solid lines) complexation in the absence (left) or presence (right) of siRNA (25 wt % in relation to chitosan). In this and later figures Chit35 and Chit650 are, respectively, referred to as low-MW and high-MW chitosan to avoid the use of subscripts for a better readability. B) Quantification of

Bombesin receptor-targeted liposomes for enhanced delivery to lung cancer cells

• Mohammad J. Akbar,
• Pâmela C. Lukasewicz Ferreira,
• Melania Giorgetti,
• Leanne Stokes and
• Christopher J. Morris

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2553–2562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.246

• , quantification of cell-uptake was judged by flow cytometry analysis of A549-GRPR cells exposed to fluorescently tagged target-lipo (FL-Target-lipo) or tagged control-lipo (FL-Control-lipo) formulations. Preliminary studies using FL-Target-lipo including 1 mol % targeting lipid showed marginal increases in

• quantification by MTS assay. Similarly, (E, F) show MTS growth data for H82 cells in the presence of Tyr4-Bn (E) or cystabn (F). Error bars are SD. Mass spectrometry characterisation of cystabn-lipid conjugate. MALDI–TOF mass spectra of crude DSPE-PEG2000-cystabn conjugate (A) and purified, post-dialysis, DSPE

Self-assembly of a terbium(III) 1D coordination polymer on mica

• Quentin Evrard,
• Giuseppe Cucinotta,
• Felix Houard,
• Guillaume Calvez,
• Yan Suffren,
• Carole Daiguebonne,
• Olivier Guillou,
• Andrea Caneschi,
• Matteo Mannini and
• Kevin Bernot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2440–2448, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.234

• quenching [30] and by the decrease of the lifetime from 375 µs for [Tb(hfac)3·2H2O] to 132 µs for [Tb(hfac)3·2H2O]n@mica (Table 1). Furthermore, the very small amount of luminescent material present on the mica substrate reduces the luminescence intensity (see magnetic quantification). The quantum yields

Nonlinear absorption and scattering of a single plasmonic nanostructure characterized by x-scan technique

• Tushar C. Jagadale,
• Dhanya S. Murali and
• Shi-Wei Chu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2182–2191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.211

• simultaneous quantification for the nonlinear behavior of scattering, absorption and total attenuation by a single nanostructure. At low excitation intensities, both scattering and absorption responses are linear, thus confirming the linearity of the detection system. At high excitation intensities, we found

Use of data processing for rapid detection of the prostate-specific antigen biomarker using immunomagnetic sandwich-type sensors

• Camila A. Proença,
• Tayane A. Freitas,
• Thaísa A. Baldo,
• Elsa M. Materón,
• Flávio M. Shimizu,
• Gabriella R. Ferreira,
• Frederico L. F. Soares,
• Ronaldo C. Faria and
• Osvaldo N. Oliveira Jr.

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2171–2181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.210

• quantification with the immunosensor is lower than the threshold established for the serum level found in patients with prostate cancer (above 3.6 ng·mL−1 stage A1) [56]. The samples were diluted in PBS for reaching the linear range, providing a response within the stipulated standards for the samples. Using the

• performed in a microfluidic system with a flow rate of 100 µL·min−1. The complex was injected with a syringe and the flow was stopped for 30 min. In the amperometric detection step, the biomarker quantification was performed by an indirect method through the electrochemical response of the marker in the

Incorporation of doxorubicin in different polymer nanoparticles and their anticancer activity

• Sebastian Pieper,
• Hannah Onafuye,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
• Mark N. Wass,
• Martin Michaelis and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2062–2072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.201

• pictures were received at an accelerating voltage of 10,000 V and a working distance of 10 mm (CamScan CS4, Cambridge Scanning Company, Cambridge, UK). Doxorubicin quantification via HPLC-UV The amount of doxorubicin that had been incorporated into the nanoparticles was determined by HPLC-UV (HPLC 1200

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

• ETS-4, AM-1 and quartz were detected (see also SEM data in Figure 3). The corresponding reflections at angles of 2θ are seen at, for example, 29.9° and 7.6° from ETS-4, 35.6° and 49.2° from AM-1, and 13.1° and 30.4° from quartz. The quantification of the presence of each phase in the prepared batch

Gold-coated plant virus as computed tomography imaging contrast agent

• Alaa A. A. Aljabali,
• Mazhar S. Al Zoubi,
• Khalid M. Al-Batanyeh,
• Ali Al-Radaideh,
• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Abeer Al Sharabi,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Bayan AbuFares,
• Tasnim Al-Zanati,
• Murtaza M. Tambuwala,
• Naveed Akbar and
• David J. Evans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1983–1993, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.195

• . Quantification of the amount of antibody attached to the VCAM1-PEG5000Au-CPMV was determined spectrophotometrically at λ = 565 nm using BCA reagent and found to be 1.95 ± 0.18 mg/mL gold. Further, the hydrodynamic radius of the VCAM1-PEG5000Au-CPMV increases from 50.2 ± 3.2 nm to 56.1 ± 2.4 nm after rigorous

• negative control following the same procedure. Antibody quantification Bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay kit from ThermoFisher Scientific was used according to the manufacturer’s instructions [49]. VCAM1-PEG5000Au-CPMV and IgG-PEG5000Au-CPMV (200 μL of 0.1 mg Au) and BCA reagent (200 μL) were mixed

Long-term entrapment and temperature-controlled-release of SF₆ gas in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)

• Hana Bunzen,
• Andreas Kalytta-Mewes,
• Leo van Wüllen and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1851–1859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.180

• phase by mass spectrometry (Figure S12 in Supporting Information File 1). As expected, upon adding the acid to the reaction vessel, the framework decomposed and an immediate evolution of gas bubbles was observed. The SF6 release could be followed by mass spectrometry; however, a precise quantification

Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

• Barbara Pem,
• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Lea Ulm,
• Ivan Pavičić,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ljubojević,
• Adela Krivohlavek and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

• ). The dissolution behavior of AuNPs and AgNPs was tested by ultrafiltration followed by quantification of released free gold or silver ions. The test media were UPW, cell culture medium EMEM with the addition of 10% FBS, and standard culture media for Daphnia magna cultivation (SCM). Freshly prepared

• [87]. The reflection contrast mode of CLSM, as excellent non-invasive imaging strategy for label-free real-time tracking and quantification of non-fluorescent NPs [88], was used to visualize cellular uptake of NPs. In brief, the cells were grown in a 12-well chamber with glass slides (Eppendorf

Lipid nanostructures for antioxidant delivery: a comparative preformulation study

• Elisabetta Esposito,
• Maddalena Sguizzato,
• Markus Drechsler,
• Paolo Mariani,
• Federica Carducci,
• Claudio Nastruzzi,
• Giuseppe Valacchi and
• Rita Cortesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1789–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.174

• spectrophotometric quantification of the LDH released in culture medium, using a commercial kit (Sigma-Aldrich, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), as previously described [43]. Human skin explant (HSE) culture Skin explants were prepared from the superfluous skin of healthy adult donors (18–60 years old). Breast or

Biocatalytic oligomerization-induced self-assembly of crystalline cellulose oligomers into nanoribbon networks assisted by organic solvents

• Yuuki Hata,
• Yuka Fukaya,
• Toshiki Sawada,
• Masahito Nishiura and
• Takeshi Serizawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1778–1788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.173

• centrifugation (20,400g)/redispersion cycles to remove more than 99.999% of the soluble fraction of the reaction mixtures. For MALDI–TOF mass spectrometry, the purified product dispersions were stored at 4 °C until use. For the quantification of the insoluble products, a volume of the purified product

Synthesis of nickel/gallium nanoalloys using a dual-source approach in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazole ionic liquids

• Ilka Simon,
• Julius Hornung,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Maik Finze,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1754–1767, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.171

• selected-area energy diffraction (SAED) are required. Presumably, due to the small size of the nanoparticles, these measurements yielded no diffractograms. Therefore, the nanoparticles can only be described as non-crystalline or amorphous. Quantification of EDX spectra from three different spots on the TEM

• size distribution of 2.5 ± 0.5 nm ([BMIm][BF4], Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2 and Figure S3) and 5 ± 1 nm (PC, Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4). EDX quantification over different spots on the TEM grid also shows equimolar ratios of nickel to gallium (Supporting Information File 1

• the microwave reactor. Subsequently, the TEM images show spherical and crystalline nanoparticles with a small size distribution of 5 ± 1 nm (Figure 3). Through the increased decomposition time the particles were grown slightly larger. The metal composition quantification by EDX spectra from three

Doxorubicin-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles overcome transporter-mediated drug resistance in drug-adapted cancer cells

• Hannah Onafuye,
• Sebastian Pieper,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
• Mark N. Wass,
• Klaus Langer and
• Martin Michaelis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1707–1715, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.166

• , United Kingdom) and the sample was visualised with an accelerating voltage of 10 kV, a working distance of 10 mm, and 10,000-fold magnification. Doxorubicin quantification via HPLC-UV The amount of doxorubicin that was incorporated into the nanoparticles was determined by HPLC-UV (HPLC 1200 series

Tuning the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries by modifying the structural defects of the carbon felt electrode

• Ditty Dixon,
• Deepu Joseph Babu,
• Aiswarya Bhaskar,
• Hans-Michael Bruns,
• Joerg J. Schneider,
• Frieder Scheiba and
• Helmut Ehrenberg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1698–1706, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.165

• ) analysis of the samples was carried out. The N2-plasma-treated sample was characterized by a N 1s peak with maxima around 399 eV. The N 1s peak could be deconvoluted into pyridinic and pyrrolic N contributions, with maxima at 398.3 and 399.8 eV, respectively. The XPS results, as well as the quantification

• Voigt profiles (binding energy (BE) uncertainty: ±0.2 eV). The analyzer transmission function, Scofield sensitivity factors [29], and effective attenuation lengths (EALs) for photoelectrons were applied for quantification. The EALs were calculated using the standard TPP-2M formalism [30]. All spectra

Nanoscale spatial mapping of mechanical properties through dynamic atomic force microscopy

• Zahra Abooalizadeh,
• Leszek Josef Sudak and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1332–1347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.132

• excluded as a contributing factor to elastic modulus maps produced using dynamic AFM. CR-AFM showed a larger variation in amplitude over the step edges compared with FMM AFM. The quantification of the elastic modulus on the HOPG terrace was performed using FMM AFM and through analysis of the dynamics of

Tailoring the magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles using the polyol process

• Malek Bibani,
• Romain Breitwieser,
• Alex Aubert,
• Vincent Loyau,
• Silvana Mercone,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1166–1176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.116

• chemical analysis of the particles was checked by XRF, using a Panalytical MINIPAL4 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, equipped with a rhodium X-ray tube operating at 30 kV and 87 μA current emission. Quantification was determined from pre-plotted calibration curves using standard Co and Fe solutions

Synthesis and characterization of quaternary La(Sr)S–TaS₂ misfit-layered nanotubes

• Marco Serra,
• Erumpukuthickal Ashokkumar Anumol,
• Dalit Stolovas,
• Iddo Pinkas,
• Ernesto Joselevich,
• Reshef Tenne,
• Andrey Enyashin and
• Francis Leonard Deepak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1112–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.111

• spectroscopy (EDX) was performed using a SuperX EDX detector attached to this microscope using Bruker Esprit software. The quantification was done using the Cliff–Lorimer method. The samples for electron microscopy were prepared by dispersing the synthesized powder in ethyl alcohol, followed by ultrasonication

• left). The brighter walls and the darker hollow region are typical of a tubular morphology. The compositional map obtained from the nanotube (Figure 3 (top right)) shows that Sr is uniformly distributed in the nanotube. Elemental quantification from the EDX spectra indicates that 7–11 atom % of Sr

• substitution (93–89 atom % La) is achieved in a nanotube. The overlap of the L and Cu K lines for Ta might induce some error in quantification in the case of Ta. Also, due to the overlap of the L line for Sr and the M line for Ta, the weak Sr K line is used for mapping and quantification of Sr. Nanotubes with