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Search for "size" in Full Text gives 1842 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Multiscale modelling of biomolecular corona formation on metallic surfaces
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 215–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.21
- orientation of each individual protein, a primary coarse-graining step was performed. In this part, we use the UA model to predict the protein–NP binding energies. This model takes into account various factors, such as the material’s chemical composition, size, shape, surface roughness, charge
- , all proteins underwent a 50 ns equilibration in water using NVT and NPT ensembles. The UA computations were conducted using nine different Al NPs with varying radii, namely 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 80, and 100 nm, to investigate the influence of size and curvature on the adsorption energies. The
- results and detailed information on the calculation can be found in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2 and Figure S3, which illustrate the variations in adsorption energies as a function of NP size. Within the range of 2–20 nm the binding energies of ALAC, BLAC, BC, and BSA show an initial increase
Ion beam processing of DNA origami nanostructures
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 207–214, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.20
- the trenches [21]. Even in these elevated areas very close to the line edge, the trimmed DNA origami nanostructures merely follow the contours. For the FIB-SEM setup used, this was the narrowest beam generated. Reducing the beam size would allow for even more precise trimming of the nanostructures for
Exploring disorder correlations in superconducting systems: spectroscopic insights and matrix element effects
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 199–206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.19
- take N = 50, which our calculations show is sufficiently large to mitigate finite-size effects. BdG equations (Equation 2) are solved together with the self-consistency conditions (Equation 3) in the usual way until the order parameter and the Hartree potential reach a predefined accuracy threshold [63
- potential), α = 1 (modest correlation with a finite correlation length), and α = 2 (strong correlation with the correlation length reaching the sample size). The solutions to the Bogoliubov–de Gennes (BdG) equations, encompassing an examination of their statistical attributes, spatial characteristics of the
Graphene removal by water-assisted focused electron-beam-induced etching – unveiling the dose and dwell time impact on the etch profile and topographical changes in SiO2 substrates
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 190–198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.18
- is dependent on the precursor dynamics (adsorption/desorption rate, diffusion), electron beam (lateral size, electron flux, energy), and scanning parameters (dwell time, refresh time, scanning strategy) [22]. Additionally, residual hydrocarbons inside the scanning electron microscope chamber manifest
- be optimized to prevent unnecessary defects and reduce the detrimental impact on the underlying substrate. The optical microscope image of the graphene flake before the patterning process is shown in Figure 2A. The size of the etched lines, estimated based on SEM measurements, is usually smaller than
- estimated beam size equal to 10 nm (FWHM), are summarized in Table 1. The results of Raman spectroscopy measurements are shown in Figure 2C and Figure 2D. This technique is not only sensitive to the number of graphitic layers in graphene but, more importantly, also to the number of defects, which can be
Nanocarrier systems loaded with IR780, iron oxide nanoparticles and chlorambucil for cancer theragnostics
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.17
- alcohol)-based nanoparticles (NPs) using the single emulsion technique. Then the NPs were coated with F127 and F127-folate by simple incubation for five days. The nanoparticles have the hydrodynamic size of approx. 250 nm with negative charge. Similar to chlorambucil and IR780, iron oxide loadings were
- cells. Hydrodynamic size and zeta potential Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential spectra were obtained for three replicates on a nanoPartical Horiba SZ-100 (Japan) with the scattering angle of 90° to determine the size distribution and stability of the nanoparticles. The DLS measurements
- assay, and the absorbance was read at 562 nm (Biotek ELX800, Agilent, USA). Results The morphology, size, and zeta potential of the particles The hydrodynamic size of the three types of NPs (Figure 1A) ranged from 245 ± 11 nm to 246 ± 2 nm with the polydispersity index (PDI) smaller than 0.12, which
Modification of graphene oxide and its effect on properties of natural rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 168–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.16
- efficiently attached to GO, and the attachment was more efficient in basic conditions rather than acidic conditions. Scanning electron microscopy images Figure 8 shows SEM images for GO-VTES(a) and GO-VTES(b). As can be seen, silica was produced with a size of approx. 50 nm for GO-VTES(a) and GO-VTES(b). It
Ferromagnetic resonance spectra of linear magnetosome chains
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.15
- nanoparticles; numerical simulation; Introduction Magnetotactic bacteria are living organisms that grow within themselves magnetite nanoparticles called magnetosomes [1][2][3][4]. In contrast to chemically synthesized magnetite nanoparticles [5][6], magnetosomes have a perfect crystal structure, a narrow size
CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a booster in the active layer of distributed ternary organic photovoltaics
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.14
- . The emission wavelength is determined by the crystal size and structure; crystals of the same chemistry can have emission maxima spanning a wide range. As the size of the dots decreases, both their optical absorption and emission shift to higher energies [41]. Because hydrophilic QDs are coated with
- impact on the layer under consideration, a weight ratio of 1:0.5:0.5 was chosen (donor:acceptor:QDs). The quantum dot designations used in the paper are summarized in Table 1. The numbers next to the abbreviation QD refer to the maximum luminescence suggested by the manufacturer. The size of the
- nanoparticles, including the size of the shell (0.6 nm), and the core size declared by the manufacturer are included in Table 1. UV–vis spectroscopy was conducted with an Avantes Sensline Ava-Spec ULS-RS-TEC fiber-optic spectrophotometer and an Avantes AvaLight DH-S-BAL-Hal lamp. The absorption and luminescence
In situ optical sub-wavelength thickness control of porous anodic aluminum oxide
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 126–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.12
- the central 5 × 5 mm2 part of the sample surface, in a grid of 20 × 20 with 254 μm distance between each position. The spot size for SE mapping was 365 μm × 470 μm at 75° angle of incidence. The fitting of the optical model to the experimental data was done in Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Analyzer
Assessing phytotoxicity and tolerance levels of ZnO nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus: implications for widespread adoptions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 115–125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.11
- to the reflection from (100), (002), (101), (102), (110), (103), (200), (112), and (201) crystal planes of ZnO NPs, respectively. The average size reported in the particle size analyzer for ZnO NPs was 122.4 nm, as shown in Figure 1b, with a polydispersity index of 0.332. The FTIR spectrum of ZnO NPs
- ZnO NPs characterization The PXRD technique provides important insights into the chemical composition, physical characteristics of the material and crystallographic structure, and crystalline particle size based on the scattered X-ray beam intensity [20][21]. The PXRD pattern (Figure 1a) of
- absorption peak below 400 nm due to the nanometric size effect of the synthesized ZnO and characteristic hexagonal ZnO NPs [32]. A broad band at 362 nm in the UV–vis spectrum was reported, indicating the formation of ZnO NPs, and it could be due to an electron transfer from the valence to the conduction band
Development and characterization of potential larvicidal nanoemulsions against Aedes aegypti
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 104–114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.10
- HLB, one can obtain the nanoemulsion with the smallest droplet size, leading to more stable formulations [20]. The rHLB is usually determined by preparing NEs with different ratios of surfactant blends and choosing the most stable formulation to determine the rHLB of the oil phase [21
- were the ones that presented the best visual characteristics, in addition to a bluish appearance, a characteristic of NEs [27][28]. Thus, the formulations with HLB values of 14 and 15 were selected for analysis by DLS. After 24 h (D1), the formulation with HLB 14 had a droplet size of 116 ± 0.40 nm
- , and after 21 days there was no significant change in particle size, nor in polydispersity index (PdI) and zeta potential. The formulation with HLB 15 exhibited smaller particle size and lower PdI and zeta potential than the HLB 14 formulation. Also, there was no significant variation in these
New application of bimetallic Ag/Pt nanoplates in a colorimetric biosensor for specific detection of E. coli in water
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 95–103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.9
- detection is described using a silver/platinum nanoplate (Ag/Pt NPL) that interacts with an oligonucleotide aptamer as a bioreceptor. The size of the Ag/Pt NPLs was about 42 nm according to the FE-SEM images. The EDS result indicates that a thin layer of Pt ions was coated on the surface of the Ag NPLs
- microscopy (FE-SEM) was used to investigate the form and shapes of NPLs. The size of the NPLs is approx. 42 nm. Figure 1a shows a combination of truncated triangular and circular plates of Ag/Pt NPLs. The NPLs were evenly distributed and shaped in the form of discs or triangles. Energy-dispersive X-ray
Study of the reusability and stability of nylon nanofibres as an antibody immobilisation surface
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.8
- improved by using another more accurate sensing system. (3) Because of the pore size of the nanofibres, they cannot be used for the detection of bacteria, rickettsiae, or fungi (i.e., they cannot be used for the detection of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells). They could, therefore, be used for the
Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7
- observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Figure 1). The BBR powder appeared as aggregates of rods in the micrometer size (Figure 1a), while BBR NPs were formed as nanoscale rectangles (Figure 1b). The electrospun PLA nanofibers showed bead-free and uniform morphology with fiber diameter in the range
Influence of conductive carbon and MnCo2O4 on morphological and electrical properties of hydrogels for electrochemical energy conversion
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 57–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.6
- electrolytes in an electrochemical process. It provides a greater effective surface area and facilitates the transport of electrons and ions from the electrolyte to the electrocatalyst surface. As the morphological analysis showed, with the increase in the concentration of conductive carbon particles, the size
- their porosity, as the pores filled with water in the hydrated state become empty after water sublimation. With the increasing concentration of cCB, the size and number of pores decreased. In the process of electrocatalysis, it is crucial that the size and most importantly, the number of pores, are as
Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4
- in female Balb/c mice [72]. The results of the study showed an improvement in skin lesions of groups treated with Ag-NP both before and after infection. The group treated after infection displayed a significant decrease in lesion size starting in the second week of treatment, with complete healing
- promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes, as well as the effects of oral administration of the formulations in infected mice [73]. The droplet size of the NEs was 76 and 88 nm for nanocopa and nanoandi, respectively. The authors observed a significant decrease in parasite load for both investigated species
- when treated by both nanoandi and nanocopa. Moreover, there was a decrease in lesion size and parasite load from the liver and spleen of mice treated with NE. In ultrastructural analysis performed by scanning electron microscopy, it was possible to observe morphological changes, oval aspect, and
Measurements of dichroic bow-tie antenna arrays with integrated cold-electron bolometers using YBCO oscillators
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 26–36, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.3
- BICEP Array, LSPE, LiteBIRD, QUBIC, Simons Observatory, and AliCPT. As a direct radiation detector, we use cold-electron bolometers, which have high sensitivity and a wide operating frequency range, as well as immunity to spurious cosmic rays. Their other advantages are the compact size of the order of
- antennas for frequencies of 210 and 240 GHz with cold-electron bolometers, described in the present paper, is proposed to be suitable for such applications. Two arrays placed on a single silicon chip with 7 mm × 7 mm size can independently detect radiation at two frequencies. Here, in the design of
Nanotechnological approaches in the treatment of schistosomiasis: an overview
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 13–25, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.2
- . It can have one or multiple layers. Due to that, their size can range from 30 nm to the micrometer range [37]. As drug vehicles, they exhibit unique properties, such as protection of encapsulated compounds from physiological degradation, extended drug half-life, controlled release of the drug
- vitro and in vivo models. Finally, the author discusses the possibility that the nanoformulation could be used to treat cases of schistosomiasis in the brain due to its smaller size [40]. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that oral administration of biodegradable nanoparticles, such as conventional
- histopathological exam also showed that nanoparticles could reduce the number and size of granulomas and diminish changes caused by infection. Although these results are very promising and interesting, the author does not mention the way in which the formulation was administered, which prevents a more critical
TEM sample preparation of lithographically patterned permalloy nanostructures on silicon nitride membranes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1–12, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.1
- layer to prevent the top layer from dissolving the lower one. Next, the top resist layer was deposited and exposed to the nominal size. The structure was developed from top to bottom including removal of the Al spacer. The development of the bottom layer, in other words the size of the undercut, is
- . Substrate and mask were fixed using Kapton® foil with an adhesive layer. After deposition, the foil can be removed and the mask can be detached. The mask can still be used, but the resulting nanodots will be smaller than those obtained from the previous deposition because the aperture size on the mask is
- reduced by residual deposited material. As seen in Figure 9c, the structure has a blurring effect. One of the sources of blurring in stencil lithography is the geometry of the source–stencil–substrate configuration. The deposited structure is larger than the stencil aperture. Their size difference (the
unDrift: A versatile software for fast offline SPM image drift correction
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1225–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.101
- chosen manually, it can be easily determined from the fit quality whether these parameters are chosen correctly. We find that the optimal parameters for this step depend on the image size and contrast; thus, it can be necessary to change these parameters after a contrast change. Moreover, the user needs
- to choose whether the algorithm operates based on Fourier transform or autocorrelation. This choice mostly depends on the size of the image relative to the size of the observed periodic structure. For images showing many unit cells, we find that the Fourier transform yields better results, while the
- autocorrelation is superior for images containing very few unit cells. In between these extremes, there is a range where both methods work well as shown in our examples in Figure 2. The dependence of the optimal transformation for peak extraction on the image size is caused by the finite resolution of the
Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100
- additive plays a crucial role in the control of the NP size. Specifically, Bergtold et al. demonstrated that a protein (e.g. chromofungin) containing a diad of lysine (K) and glutamate (E) (Figure 1a,b) in its sequence allows for the control of the formation of PDA NPs, in contrast to an additive without a
- antibacterial activity is high because of their small size and because any antibacterial natural or synthetic peptide containing KE diads may be used to create such PDA NPs. Fluorescent PDA NPs made with a KE diad-containing protein or peptide have never been reported so far. They may be obtained by labelling
- 10 nm Synthesis of stable BSA/PDA NPs with size control Pristine polydopamine nanoparticles (BSA/PDA NPs) were prepared according to Bergtold et al. [13] (Figure 2a–c). BSA and DA solutions were mixed in Tris buffer with ratios varying from 0.25 to 10. Contrary to a DA solution in Tris buffer, the
Determination of the radii of coated and uncoated silicon AFM sharp tips using a height calibration standard grating and a nonlinear regression function
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1200–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.99
- . Figure 1 shows SEM images of the three different tips. The calibration standard grating used in this experiment is a HS-20MG height calibration standard (supplied by Budget Sensor) with an external size of 1 mm × 1 mm and an inner size of 500 µm × 500 µm [15]. The rectangular height grate pattern is made
- to left across two pristine grating structures within a scan size of 10 µm × 10 µm. The calibration grating was cleaned with DI water and dried with nitrogen gas before the experiments. For each tip, we performed a step-to-step linewidth scan pass (without repeating at the same scanline) in contact
A combined gas-phase dissociative ionization, dissociative electron attachment and deposition study on the potential FEBID precursor [Au(CH3)2Cl]2
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1178–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.98
- , high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) was performed to analyze the morphology of the deposited nanoparticles. For this purpose, several FEBID structures were prepared on the SiO2 substrate with the size of 4 × 4 µm2 and an electron dose of 7.80 C/cm2. For
- size lower than 5 nm. Nonuniformly distributed nanoparticles with larger sizes (≈15–20 nm) were also observed. The magnified image of a selected larger nanoparticle from Figure 2a is shown in Figure 2b. The determined fringe spacing of that particle is ≈0.23 nm, which is consistent with the spacing
- currents The FEBID deposits were also prepared with [Au(CH3)2Cl]2 using beam currents of 0.4 nA (deposit size: 2 × 2 μm2), 1.5 nA (deposit size: 4 × 4 μm2), and 3 nA (deposit size: 4 × 4 μm2). The other deposition parameters (electron dose: 7.80 C/cm2 and acceleration voltage: 5 keV) were the same in all
Spatial variations of conductivity of self-assembled monolayers of dodecanethiol on Au/mica and Au/Si substrates
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1169–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.97
- the Au surface. They are produced in the process of SAM formation by sulfur–gold bonds, which result in removing Au atoms from the top layer. This leaves the surface with Au atom vacancies that arrange into small islands of a few nanometers in size. This size matches the darker areas observed in the
- current map, respectively, for a DDT SAM on Au/mica, obtained simultaneously on the same area. The current map reveals additional features of the substrate such as shallow terraces and etch pits. The closeup in (d) shows that the etch pit size matches the expected value of a few nanometers. (c) 3D view of
Elasticity, an often-overseen parameter in the development of nanoscale drug delivery systems
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1149–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.95
- , translation to the clinics or even market approval often fails. So far, the reason for this discrepancy is manifold. Physicochemical properties such as size, surface potential, and surface chemistry are in focus of research for many years. Other equally important parameters, influencing whether a successful
- examining the characteristics of nanoparticles used for drug delivery, one can see that some are better understood then others. The size of nanoparticles, for example, is shown to play an important role in tissue or mucus penetration [8] and in cellular uptake [9]. Also surface charge and chemical
- , demonstrating the impact of these characteristics, is the life span of red blood cells. Juvenile red blood cells are able to flow through capillaries much smaller in diameter than their size due to sufficient elasticity. During their life span, they gain rigidity leading to their filtration out of the blood
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