Reliable fabrication of transparent conducting films by cascade centrifugation and Langmuir–Blodgett deposition of electrochemically exfoliated graphene

• Teodora Vićentić,
• Stevan Andrić,
• Vladimir Rajić and
• Marko Spasenović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 666–674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.58

• delve into fundamental properties was augmented with an outlook towards potential applications [1]. Over the past decades, a great number of different methods for the synthesis of graphene and other 2D materials has been proposed, including micromechanical cleavage [2], chemical vapor deposition (CVD

• et al. [12] as a synthesis method with high potential for scaling. Since then, LPE has developed into a common, highly scalable method for graphene synthesis in liquid media. This method is used for the production of 2D nanosheets with lateral sizes ranging from 100 nm to 100 µm and thicknesses in

Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation

• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Tuyet Nhung Pham,
• Anh-Tuan Le,
• Nguyen Thanh Thuy,
• Tran Quang Huy and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 641–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.56

• bacterial cell membrane and inhibiting the synthesis of proteins and DNA [15]. Chu et al. [16] reported that BBR showed no antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the range of concentrations from 1 to 64 µg/mL. However, inhibition of MRSA biofilm formation was

• BBR NPs Solvent molecules strongly affect the formation of crystalline structures and the stabilization of crystal lattices [35]. To the best of our knowledge, in most published papers regarding the synthesis of BBR NPs via the ASP method ethanol or methanol were used as solvents. This study is the

Sodium doping in brookite TiO₂ enhances its photocatalytic activity

• Boxiang Zhuang,
• Honglong Shi,
• Honglei Zhang and
• Zeqian Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 599–609, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.52

• ]. The first synthesis of brookite TiO2 dates back to the late 1950s. But there are still many arguments on the structural and physical behaviors of brookite TiO2. Brookite was informally called "the least known TiO2" [13]. (1) The pure brookite TiO2 is difficult to be synthesized; in most cases, it

• and solvents were used without further purification. Hydrothermal synthesis of the Na-doping brookite In a typical synthesis procedure, 1.27 g of oxalic acid dihydrate was dissolved into 50 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent to obtain a colorless and transparent solution under vigorous stirring

Detection and imaging of Hg(II) in vivo using glutathione-functionalized gold nanoparticles

• Gufeng Li,
• Shaoqing Li,
• Rui Wang,
• Min Yang,
• Lizhu Zhang,
• Yanli Zhang,
• Wenrong Yang and
• Hongbin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 549–559, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.46

• biocompatibility, and low toxicity [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Another advantage of GNPs is that different shapes and sizes can be obtained during synthesis through changing reducing agents and reaction conditions [10]. The surface chemistry of GNPs is modified via ligands with functional groups such as thiol (–SH), amino

• incubated in HeLa cells. We expect that this new system based on the molecular regulation of functionalized GNPs can have potential applications in pollution monitoring, biosensing, and cellular imaging. Results and Discussion Synthesis and spectral signature of GNPs-GSH-Rh6G2 As shown in Figure 1a, 13 nm

• mentioning here that the pH value of the reaction systems played an important role in the synthesis of GSH-Rh6G2. Rh6G2, as an ideal candidate for controlled-release molecular systems, shows little fluorescence (Figure 1b). In the absence of GNPs, the conjugation of GSH-Rh6G2 yields obvious fluorescence. The

Influence of thickness and morphology of MoS₂ on the performance of counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells

• Lam Thuy Thi Mai,
• Hai Viet Le,
• Ngan Kim Thi Nguyen,
• Van La Tran Pham,
• Thu Anh Thi Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thanh Le Huynh and
• Hoang Thai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 528–537, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.44

• investigated using various techniques such as chemical bath deposition [1], sputtering [2], hydrothermal synthesis [10][11][12][13], wet chemistry [14], thermal reduction [15], and electrodeposition (ED) [20]. Among these methods, ED shows many advances thank to its simplicity and rapidity. Additionally, it

• catalytic activity. Li et al. reported the synthesis of MoS2/graphene composite films on FTO, which were directly used as CE for DSSCs without further thermal treatment. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the DSSCs was 8.01%, which was comparable to that of a Pt CE (8.21%) [21]. Quy et al. prepared

• similar to that of (NH4)2MoS4 reported by Falola and co-workers [28]. The formation of MoS42− ions in the mixture solution is detailed in Equations 1–4 [27][28][29][30]: It should be noted that (NH4)2MoS4 is poorly soluble in water. Hence, the in situ synthesis of MoS42− from (NH4)6Mo7O24 (high solubility

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• synthesis methods are discussed, highlighting low-cost methods and the recyclability of ZnO-based nanosubstrates. Also, the SERS signal enhancement by ZnO-based nanostructures and the influences of lattice defects on the SERS signal are described. The photoluminescence enhancement of ZnO in the presence of

• applications [13]. This review article seeks to present the fabrication methods and applications of zinc oxide nanostructures enhancing the photoluminescence emission or the Raman signal of analyte molecules. First, we focus on a wide range of synthesis methods of ZnO nanostructures and nanocomposites based on

• ZnO–metal hybrid nanoparticles. Moreover, we consider the physical phenomena governing both the Raman and fluorescence enhancement using ZnO nanostructures. Review Fabrication of ZnO–noble metal nanocomposites Synthesis of ZnO nanostructures Among the exhaustive list of available physical and chemical

Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy

• Patrick Stohmann,
• Sascha Koch,
• Yang Yang,
• Christopher David Kaiser,
• Julian Ehrens,
• Jürgen Schnack,
• Niklas Biere,
• Dario Anselmetti,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Xianghui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.39

• been used to explain the synthesis of complex molecular species in the interstellar medium [3]. Electron–molecule collisions have been intensively studied in the gas phase and on surfaces. Depending on the electron energy and the molecular structure, several processes may occur, such as elastic

• decreases with time (cooling). This corresponds to the fact that the gold support also acts as a very efficient heat sink during the synthesis process. Figure 5d is a typical result of vertical and lateral momentum dynamics applied to TPT SAMs after 5700 time steps with following parameters: T = 700 K, v

The role of sulfonate groups and hydrogen bonding in the proton conductivity of two coordination networks

• Ali Javed,
• Felix Steinke,
• Stephan Wöhlbrandt,
• Hana Bunzen,
• Norbert Stock and
• Michael Tiemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 437–443, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.36

• ; metal-organic framework; proton conductivity; Introduction Recent achievements in the synthesis of advanced functional materials with tailored, structure-related physical properties have stimulated the development of new concepts and devices for energy storage [1][2] and energy conversion [3][4]. Among

• h in dry air. This process is supposed to remove surface-adsorbed water, such as residues from the synthesis process or from exposure to humid conditions. Powder X-ray diffraction confirmed that this process does not affect the crystallinity of the two materials, and no phase transformation was

• , followed by phosphonomethylation of the amino group using phosphonic acid, formaldehyde, and hydrochloric acid. The synthesis of the compounds [Mg(H2O)2(H3L)]·H2O and [Pb2(HL)]·H2O was achieved following published procedures [17]. For [Mg(H2O)2(H3L)]·H2O, an aqueous solution of MgCl2 (6 mmol, 1218 mg in 2

A non-enzymatic electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensor based on copper oxide nanostructures

• Irena Mihailova,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Marina Krasovska,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Valdis Mizers,
• Andrejs Bulanovs and
• Andrejs Ogurcovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 424–436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.35

• , Latvia Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga street 8, Riga, LV-1063, Latvia 10.3762/bjnano.13.35 Abstract This article describes the synthesis of nanostructured copper oxide on copper wires and its application for the detection of hydrogen peroxide. Copper oxide petal

• , such as thermal oxidation of copper electrodes in an oxygen atmosphere [72][73], hydrothermal chemical oxidation of copper surfaces [56], and hydrothermal synthesis using various precursors containing copper ions [74][75]. Copper oxide nanostructures can also be obtained as a powder and then applied to

• detection of H2O2. The article proves the higher efficiency of nanostructured electrodes compared to electrodes with less developed surface. The article shows the influence of the time of hydrothermal synthesis on the morphology of nanostructures and, as a result, the change in the sensitivity of the sensor

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• structures and functions to native cartilage. Nevertheless, despite the progresses made in biomaterial synthesis, scaffold fabrication, and development of growth factor delivery systems, TE has been unable to address OA disease using the routine methods. Recently, more attention has been paid to the

• responsible for the synthesis and maintenance of hyaline cartilage matrix [8]. Chondrocytes are embedded in a dense ECM composed mainly of water, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and collagen fibers. Collagen comprises 60–85% of adult articular cartilage and has a fibrous structure, which extensively contributes to

• the mechanical properties of cartilage [7][9]. Collagen type II is believed to account for 75% of fetal collagen. This amount increases to 90% in mature adults. Collagen type II is found in articular cartilage and the eyes and is considered an indicator of hyaline cartilage [7]. Collagen synthesis is

Selected properties of Al_xZn_yO thin films prepared by reactive pulsed magnetron sputtering using a two-element Zn/Al target

• Witold Posadowski,
• Artur Wiatrowski,
• Jarosław Domaradzki and
• Michał Mazur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 344–354, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.29

• shorter wavelengths, from about 370 to 342 nm (Figure 5b). The measured light transmission characteristics were further used to determine the thickness and the optical bandgap energy of the prepared films. For the analysis, the reverse synthesis method was applied. The analysis allowed for simultaneous

Interfacial nanoarchitectonics for ZIF-8 membranes with enhanced gas separation

• Season S. Chen,
• Zhen-Jie Yang,
• Chia-Hao Chang,
• Hoong-Uei Koh,
• Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi,
• Kuo-Lun Tung and
• Kevin C.-W. Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.26

• methods of MOF membrane preparation require multiple steps and high-pressure conditions. In this study, a reliable one-step interfacial synthesis method under atmospheric pressure has been developed to prepare zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) membranes supported on porous α-Al2O3 disks. To obtain

• optimal synthesis conditions were determined (i.e., 80 °C for 12 h in 50 mM of 2-methylimidazole). The as-synthesized ZIF-8 membranes were then applied to CO2/N2 gas separation, which exhibited a maximum separation factor of 5.49 and CO2 gas permeance of 0.47 × 10−7 mol·m−2·s−1·Pa−1. Keywords: defect

• -free; gas separation; interfacial synthesis; metal-organic frameworks; ZIF membranes; Introduction Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the major greenhouse gases emitted through human activities contributing to global climate change. According to United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), CO2

Coordination-assembled myricetin nanoarchitectonics for sustainably scavenging free radicals

• Xiaoyan Ma,
• Haoning Gong,
• Kenji Ogino,
• Xuehai Yan and
• Ruirui Xing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 284–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.23

• ]. Myr, Zn2+, and GSH were co-assembled to Myr-Zn2+-GSH (MZG) nanoparticles. The obtained MZG nanoparticles exhibit high loading capacity as well as good bioavailability and biocompatibility, leading to stable antioxidant effects. Experimental Synthesis of MZG 10 mg·mL−1 of Myr was dispersed in 0.1 M

• was used to incubate these cells for 5 min and the fluorescence intensity of the cells was recorded via confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results and Discussion Synthesis and characterization of MZG We chose Zn2+, a typical essential metal, to effectively bond Myr and GSH via coordination

Systematic studies into uniform synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Nahal Habibi,
• Ava Mauser,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 274–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.22

• directly from the instrumentation and should be compared directly to iSEM data. EHD jetting process and SEM images of characteristic SPNPs. (a) Synthesis of various SPNPs comprised of (a1) single proteins or (a2) binary protein blends, and PEG macromers. (b–i) SEM images of single protein and blended SPNPs

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle clusters

• Xue Wang,
• Lili Xuan and
• Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

• nanoprobes, which were doped with lanthanide elements to allow for up-conversion luminescence imaging [15]. We assessed their photothermal effects in both A375 cells and BALB/c mice models. However, the synthesis of these nanoprobes requires complex procedures and is economically challenging. Recent findings

• Comparative Medicine Center of Yangzhou University. All animal experiments conducted in the current study were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Jilin University (including guidelines for animal care, use, and euthanasia). Synthesis of individual Fe3O4 nanoparticles The

• ethanol and dispersed in chloroform at a concentration of 1 mg/mL for later use. Synthesis of clustered Fe3O4 nanoparticles Step 1: PVP (0.58 g, molecular weight 58,000) was dissolved in 5 mL ethylene glycol under magnetic stirring. Step 2: DTAB or TTAB or DeTAB (0.02 g) were dissolved in 1 mL pure water

Effects of drug concentration and PLGA addition on the properties of electrospun ampicillin trihydrate-loaded PLA nanofibers

• Tuğba Eren Böncü and
• Nurten Ozdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 245–254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.19

• biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, and provide high mechanical strength [1][8]. In this study, ampicillin trihydrate, FDA-approved β-lactam antibiotics, a broad-spectrum semi-synthetic derivative of aminopenicillin, was used. Ampicillin trihydrate acts by inhibiting the synthesis of peptidoglycan, a

Surfactant-free syntheses and pair distribution function analysis of osmium nanoparticles

• Mikkel Juelsholt,
• Jonathan Quinson,
• Emil T. S. Kjær,
• Baiyu Wang,
• Rebecca Pittkowski,
• Susan R. Cooper,
• Tiffany L. Kinnibrugh,
• Søren B. Simonsen,
• Luise Theil Kuhn,
• María Escudero-Escribano and
• Kirsten M. Ø. Jensen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 230–235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.17

• -free synthesis of precious metal nanoparticles (NPs) performed in alkaline low-boiling-point solvents has been recently reported. Monoalcohols are here investigated as solvents and reducing agents to obtain colloidal Os nanoparticles by using low-temperature (<100 °C) surfactant-free syntheses. The

• opposed to the case of Pt or Ir NPs. The robustness of the synthesis for a precursor concentration up to 100 mM allows for the performance of X-ray total scattering with pair distribution function (PDF) analysis, which shows that 1–2 nm hexagonal close packed (hcp) NPs are formed from chain-like [OsOxCly

• ] complexes. Keywords: metal nanoparticles; osmium; pair distribution function; surfactant-free synthesis; Findings Precious metals are limited resources, yet fundamental for a range of applications, such as in medicine or catalysis [1][2][3]. There are relatively few reports on osmium (Os) compared to

Impact of device design on the electronic and optoelectronic properties of integrated Ru-terpyridine complexes

• Max Mennicken,
• Sophia Katharina Peter,
• Corinna Kaulen,
• Ulrich Simon and
• Silvia Karthäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 219–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.16

• device physics is mainly determined by the molecular properties. Experimental Chemical synthesis 4’-Mercaptophenyl-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (MPTP), 4′-[4-(acetylthio)phenyl]-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (MPTP-SAc), 1,4-bis(2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine-4-yl)benzene (BTP), the complex RuCl2(DMSO)MPTP-SAc and the

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• [92]. Shabib and his colleagues published an interesting study on the synthesis of TiO2 nps from the root extract of W. somnifera and examined its broad-spectrum antibiofilm potential against E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Serratia marcescens

• of TiO2 nanomaterials that were investigated for their ability to mitigate challenges regarding biomedical applications. Furthermore, ongoing efforts are being implemented to improve nanomaterial synthesis and explore their novel clinical applications. Regarding this, it is crucial to understand the

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• predominant PEMs [13]. Zhang et al. developed nanohybrid PVDF membranes by incorporating zeolite with enhanced thermal and electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries [14]. ENHs have also been used as a heterogeneous catalyst in indole synthesis by Savva et al. by incorporating gold nanoparticles

Bacterial safety study of the production process of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers

• Axel Steffen,
• Yu Xiong,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Ulrich Kalus and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 114–126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.8

• inhibit DNA synthesis in bacteria, and similar effects are also seen on RNA and protein syntheses [44][45]. In addition, glutaraldehyde particularly acts on the outer layers of E. coli and cross-links lipoproteins and proteins there as well. This fixation of bacteria prevents the bacterial cells from

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• , hydrothermal, and microwave synthesis [49][50][51]. The formation and concentration of OVs depend on particle size, synthesizing temperature, and morphology of SnO2. The OVs play the role of an electron donor and provide free electrons, making SnO2 an n-type semiconductor [52]. Guoliang Xu et al. indicated

• materials, preferably using two redox sites; (3) synthesizing other morphologies of SnO2 such as nanorods, nanotubes, or 3D structures to increase the specific surface area of the catalyst; (4) upscaling the syntheses and using other synthesis approaches such as sol–gel or chemical vapor deposition to form

• time of SnO2 NPs (a) and Ag@SnO2 (b). Figure 16 was reprinted from [72], Catalysis Communications, vol. 136, by Bui, D. P.; Nguyen, M. T.; Tran, H. H.; You, S.-J.; Wang, Y.-F.; Van Viet, P. “Green synthesis of Ag@SnO2 nanocomposites for enhancing photocatalysis of nitrogen monoxide removal under solar

Theranostic potential of self-luminescent branched polyethyleneimine-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

• Rouhollah Khodadust,
• Ozlem Unal and
• Havva Yagci Acar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 82–95, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.6

• partial PEI oxidation during the synthesis. Here, we demonstrate in vitro dye-free optical imaging and successful gene transfection with luminescent SPION@bPEI, which was further modified for receptor-mediated delivery of the cargo selectively to cancer cell lines overexpressing the epidermal growth

• amines during the synthesis of SPION@bPEI is responsible for the enhanced bPEI luminescence. It is further enhanced with the immobilization of bPEI on SPION crystals and post-synthetic acidification of the particles, which also increased the rigidity. These nanoparticles have a small hydrodynamic size

• the expressed gene within the transfected cells. Overall, we have demonstrated the label-free optical tracking, gene transfection, and receptor targeting ability of SPION@bPEI, which exploited its small size, cationic nature and intrinsic luminescence. Materials and Methods Synthesis of branched PEI

Effect of lubricants on the rotational transmission between solid-state gears

• Huang-Hsiang Lin,
• Jonathan Heinze,
• Alexander Croy,
• Rafael Gutiérrez and
• Gianaurelio Cuniberti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 54–62, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.3

• either solid-state gears or molecular gears, which are created by top-down approaches (e.g., using focused ion beams [23] or electron beams [24][25] to etch the substrate) or bottom-up approaches such as chemical synthesis [26][27]. The ultimate goal for those miniaturized gears is to implement nanoscale

• that full atom simulations in combination with further advances in the fabrication and chemical synthesis techniques will improve the design of solid-state gears at the microscopic scale. A schematic illustration of two interlocked diamond involute solid-state gears (red and yellow) with separation

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• colloidal synthesis, the review contains chapters explaining the basics of (magnetron) sputter deposition and the formation of NPs in solution. This review article covers more than 132 papers published on this topic from 1996 to September 2021 and aims at providing a critical analysis of most of the

• the composition of surrounding media, it is extremely important to control these parameters. Nowadays, an interested reader can find thousands of different recipes of NP synthesis allowing one to prepare stable colloidal solutions of monodisperse NPs. However, not all published synthetic procedures

• [11]. Afterward, Torimoto et al. used a sputter coater for the synthesis of small gold (Au) NPs by sputtering an Au target onto a thin layer of an ionic liquid (IL) [12]. This paper [12] published in 2006 initiated a series of similar works in several labs which, were focused on the deposition of