Volume No. 11
2020
Pages 1 - 1808
Table of Contents |
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| 137 | Full Research Paper |
| 5 | Letter |
| 14 | Review |
| 3 | Editorial |
| 3 | Correction |
- Full Research Paper
- Published 02 Jan 2020
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Figure 1: Schematic synthesis overview of amorphous N-doped carbon spheres (NCSs) and graphitized N-doped car...
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Figure 2: SEM images of (a) the carbon spheres with Fe2O3 before acid treatment, (b, c) the different non-gra...
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Figure 3: TEM images of (a–d) the NCS catalysts and (e–h) the g-NCS catalysts. The TEM images in (a–d) are re...
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Figure 4: X-ray diffraction patterns of the NCS and g-NCS catalyst series.
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Figure 5: XPS data. Top: N configuration of the NCS and g-NCS catalysts; below: XPS spectra of N 1s region fo...
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Figure 6: Raman spectra of the NCS and g-NCS catalysts (the x-axis represents the Raman shift relative to the...
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Figure 7: N2 sorption isotherms of the (a) NCS and (b) g-NCS catalyst series.
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Figure 8: ORR measurements (cyclic voltammograms). (a) ORR disc current densities of the NCS catalysts and Pt...
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Figure 9: ORR onset potential (potential value at 0.1 mA·cm−2) as a function of the micropore surface area (M...
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Figure 10: ORR onset potential (potential value at 0.1 mA·cm−2) as a function of the nitriding temperature of ...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 02 Jan 2020
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Figure 1: a) TEM picture of the dichroic AgNP solution; b) the AgNP solution shows the dichroic effect presen...
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Figure 2: 3D printed AgNP@PVA cup under reflection and transmission. When the cup is illuminated by a flashli...
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Figure 3: a) 3D printed square specimens using a different ratio of Ag/Au and various thicknesses. In reflect...
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Figure 4: Comparison between the original Lycurgus cup and the 3D printed Ag/Au@PVA nanocomposite cup present...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 03 Jan 2020
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Figure 1: SEM photos of (a) shark skin and (b) bird feather.
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Figure 2: Computational models. a) Pipe flow model with transverse microgrooves. b) Concentric annulus flow m...
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Figure 3: Influence of grid density on the viscous drag of the pipe flow.
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Figure 4: Computational grids of the a) smooth pipeline and b) microgrooved pipeline.
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Figure 5: Comparison of SST results with DNS results. a) Mean velocity distribution of the annulus flow. b) V...
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Figure 6: Schematic diagram of the experimental setup.
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Figure 7: Specimen. a) Scaled and b) grooved pipeline in a concentric annulus flow. c) Micromorphology of the...
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Figure 8: Comparison of triplicate experimental results in an annulus flow.
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Figure 9: Comparison of average pressure differences obtained from numerical simulations and experiments.
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Figure 10: Effect of microgroove height on the drags in a) pipe flow and b) an annulus flow systems.
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Figure 11: Effects of microgroove width on the drags in a) pipe flow and b) annulus flow systems.
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Figure 12: Effect of microgroove distance on drags in a) pipe flow and b) annulus flow systems.
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Figure 13: DRR obtained from different numerical tests versus velocity in a) pipe flow and b) annulus flow sys...
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Figure 14: DRR and ratio of pressure drag to total drag versus Re in an annulus flow.
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Figure 15: Influence of the flow rate on the DRR in an annulus flow.
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Figure 16: Pressure distribution. a) Pressure contour near the groove. b) Pressure curve at the wall.
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Figure 17: Wall shear stress of a smooth and a bionic pipeline.
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Figure 18: Distribution of turbulent intensity along the radial direction.
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Figure 19: Velocity contours and streamlines near the a) smooth and b) the bionic surface.
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Figure 20: The profile of a droplet on the smooth and the bionic surface.
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 03 Jan 2020
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Figure 1: Epitaxial stack designs A–E grown by MOCVD. Different sequences of 2D and 3D GaN were prepared. The...
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Figure 2: Reproducibility analysis of the ICP-OES method for determining etch depth z (GaN). Four GaN samples...
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Figure 3: PL images of A (a), D (b) and E (c) used for determination of dislocation density.
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Figure 4: Average GaN removal z (GaN) of A and B during etching in 30 wt % KOH at 70 °C (a) and 80 °C (b) det...
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Figure 5: SEM images of A after 60 min etching in 30 wt % KOH solution at RT (a), and of B after 2 min etchin...
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Figure 6: ICP-OES determined average GaN removal z (GaN) of B and C during etching in 30 wt % KOH at 80 °C (a...
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Figure 7: ICP-OES determined average GaN removal z (GaN) of A and D (a) and A and E (b) during etching in 30 ...
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Figure 8: SEM image of the second 2D–3D transition plateau on pyramid top of E after etching in 30 wt % KOH s...
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- Review
- Published 06 Jan 2020
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Figure 1: Schematic diagram showing an OIHP crystal (center) and its applications in various optoelectronic d...
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Figure 2: Scanning electron microscopy images of perovskite films prepared by the antisolvent deposition meth...
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Figure 3: Progress of the efficiency of recently reported large-area PSCs fabricated by various deposition me...
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Figure 4: Structural characterization and morphology. (a) Schematic illustration of the structure of the 2D/3...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 06 Jan 2020
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Figure 1: Typical TEM image of Au NPs before thermal treatment.
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Figure 2: Morphology of the Au NPs and after annealing at (a) 200 (b), 400 (c) 600 (d) and 800 °C. Slight rou...
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Figure 3: Au NP annealed at 800 °C with well-pronounced five-fold twinned inner structure.
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Figure 4: The transition of 5 and 2 nm NPs into rounded shapes bounded by energetically favorable surfaces. A...
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Figure 5: (a) Profile of a Au NP and (b) topography image of NPs on the Si substrate prior to manipulation. (...
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Figure 6: Dissipated power per NP radius as a function of the NP diameter. The diameter is defined as the hei...
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Figure 7: Evolution of the SiO2 layer thickness as a function of the annealing temperature.
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 07 Jan 2020
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Figure 1: XRD patterns of (a) rGO and (b) N-rGO nanosheets.
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Figure 2: Raman spectra of (a) rGO and (b) N-rGO nanosheets.
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Figure 3: TGA curves of (a) rGO and (b) N-rGO nanosheets.
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Figure 4: (a, b) SEM images, (c) EDS pattern and chemical composition (inset), and (d) TEM image and SAED pat...
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Figure 5: (a, b) SEM images, (c) EDS pattern and chemical composition (inset), and (d) TEM image and SAED pat...
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Figure 6: AFM images of (a) rGO and (b) N-rGO nanosheets.
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Figure 7: Schematic diagram of the formation of rGO and N-rGO nanosheets.
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Figure 8: CV curves for (a) rGO and (b) H-rGO samples at different scan rates; (c) specific capacitance for H...
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Figure 9: Cycling stability of H-rGO.
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- Review
- Published 07 Jan 2020
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Figure 1: (a) Schematic diagram of sample topography amplitude-modulating a cantilever the oscillation of whi...
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Figure 2: Visualization of off-mode rejection in the frequency domain for a demodulator magnitude frequency r...
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Figure 3: Functional block diagram of the multifrequency lock-in amplifier implementation. The zoom-box displ...
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Figure 4: Functional block diagram of the multifrequency coherent demodulator implementation. The zoom-box di...
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Figure 5: Functional block diagram of the Kalman filter implementation.
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Figure 6: Functional block diagram of the multifrequency Lyapunov filter implementation. The zoom-box display...
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Figure 7: Functional block diagram of the multifrequency direct-design filter implementation. The zoom-box di...
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Figure 8: Experimental off-mode rejection results. Here each multifrequency demodulator is on a single row an...
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Figure 9: Experimental amplitude estimation error and power spectral density of amplitude estimation for the ...
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Figure 10: Higher-harmonic amplitude AFM imaging performed with the fundamental mode of a TAP190G cantilever o...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 08 Jan 2020
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Figure 1: (a) Representative I(V) trace of an Ag/AgI/PtIr nanojunction demonstrating resistive switching beha...
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Figure 2: (a) The color scale shows the OFF-to-ON-resistance ratio, ROFF/RON, of a stable Ag/AgI/PtIr nanojun...
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Figure 3: (a) A full cycle of a pulsing experiment consisting of Vdrive (green) voltage pulses with ±0.5 V am...
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Figure 4: (a) The schematics of the high-frequency measurement setup. The PtIr tip and the AgI/Ag thin film a...
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Figure 5: (a) Subsequent set and reset transitions triggered by the voltage pulses fired by G1 and G2, respec...
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- Review
- Published 09 Jan 2020
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Figure 1: Mechanisms of CPP uptake. Two main mechanisms have been proposed: direct translocation through the ...
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Figure 2: Model for the initial step of cellular uptake of MPG or MPG/cargo complexes. (1) Binding of MPG or ...
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Figure 3: Mechanisms of endocytic entry into the cell. Reprinted with permission from [53], copyright 2011 The Ro...
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Figure 4: Most commonly used strategies for improving the endosomal release of CPPs. A) Fusogenic lipids, B) ...
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- Review
- Published 09 Jan 2020
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Figure 1: Illustration of conventional (WC) and unconventional (non-WC) hydrogen bonding interactions between...
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Figure 2: Molecular design and engineering of DNA nanoarchitectures using different types of DNA modules. The...
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Figure 3: Schematic representation of DNA tetrahedron-based electroluminescence biosensor platforms. The imag...
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Figure 4: a) Schematic representation of mutually templated double-helical zipper assemblies of APA and dBn (...
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Figure 5: a) Mutually templated coassembly of BNA and dTn (n = 6, 10, 20) to form a BNAn–dTn hybrid ensemble,...
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Figure 6: Molecular structures of nucleobase-tethered NDI molecules (NDI-AA and NDI-TT) and their assembly, c...
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Figure 7: a) Zn(II)-cyclen-tethered NDI and DPP SFMs. b) DPP–dT40 and NDI–dT40 multichromophore arrays over a...
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Figure 8: a) Schematic representation of a porphyrin-appended DNA nanopore base lipid anchor. b) AFM image of...
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- Letter
- Published 10 Jan 2020
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Figure 1: Formation of Ag-modified TiO2 HSs (top) and SEM images showing Ag–TiO2 nanostructures at different ...
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Figure 2: SEM images of freshly prepared Ag–TiO2 core–shell nanostructures (A) and Ag–TiO2 core–shell nanostr...
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Figure 3: XPS Ag 3d1/2 and Ag 3d5/2 spectra of freshly prepared Ag–TiO2 core–shell structures (top) and after...
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Figure 4: UV–vis spectra and images of aqueous suspensions of freshly prepared Ag–TiO2 core–shell nanostructu...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 13 Jan 2020
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Figure 1: Schematic of the manipulation process of a cylindrical nanoparticle by means of AFM.
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Figure 2: Nanoparticle manipulation forces and angles in a) 3D view and b) side view.
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Figure 3: Timoshenko beam model: kinematic parameters, loading and coordinate system [27].
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Figure 4: General algorithm for dynamic and mechanical modeling.
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Figure 5: Simulation of critical times and forces in sliding and rolling modes for a gold nanoparticle with a...
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Figure 6: Simulations of the variation of the tip force angle (α) during the manipulation process until achie...
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Figure 7: Classical and nonclassical modeling of the deflections of a cylindrical gold nanoparticle (length =...
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Figure 8: Classical and nonclassical modeling of the rotation angles of a cylindrical gold nanoparticle (leng...
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Figure 9: Natural frequencies of the classical and nonclassical models of a cylindrical gold nanoparticle wit...
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Figure 10: Sensitivity of classical and nonclassical Timoshenko beam model deflections to the change in aspect...
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Figure 11: Simulation of motion of a cylindrical gold nanoparticle during a manipulation of 200 nm. A) Aspect ...
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Figure 12: The sensitivity of manipulation dynamics to size effects (length = 25 µm and aspect ratio = 30).
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Figure 13: Manipulation of the nonclassical Timoshenko model for 0.5l and 1.5l.
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Figure 14: Classical stresses in a cylindrical gold nanoparticle with a length of 25 µm and aspect ratio of 30....
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Figure 15: Equivalent stresses (nonclassical) in a cylindrical gold nanoparticle with a length of 25 µm and as...
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Figure 16: Comparison of the classical stresses and nonclassical equivalent stresses with respect to changes i...
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Figure 17: Variation of nonclassical equivalent stresses with material length scale parameter and change in as...
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Figure 18: Comparison of the critical force and time simulation using the JKR contact model for a gold particl...
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Figure 19: Comparison of the critical force and time simulation using the Lundberg cylindrical contact model f...
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Figure 20: Comparison of the deflections of a polystyrene nanorod using classical and nonclassical models assu...
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Figure 21: Comparison of polystyrene nanorod deflections in the nonclassical Timoshenko beam model with respec...
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Figure 22: Simulation of the manipulation process of a polystyrene nanorod and comparison with the presented m...
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Figure 23: Variation of the failure aspect ratio versus l/d for a polystyrene nanorod.
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 14 Jan 2020
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Figure 1: SEM images of a) G1, b) G2, c) G3, d) HDPE/G1 nanocomposite with 5.52 vol %, e) HDPE/G2 nanocomposi...
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Figure 2: XPS: a) survey and b) C 1s high-resolution spectra for G1, G2, and G3.
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Figure 3: a) FTIR spectrum and b) XRD pattern of the GnPs, pure HDPE, and HDPE/13.94 vol % GnP nanocomposites....
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Figure 4: Real part of AC electrical conductivity vs frequency for a) HDPE/G1, b) HDPE/G2, and c) HDPE/G3 nan...
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Figure 5: The relative thermal conductivity values of HDPE-based nanocomposites with G1, G2, and G3 fillers (k...
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Figure 6: Relative mechanical properties of the HDPE/GnP nanocomposites: a) Young’s moduli and b) tensile str...
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Figure 7: TGA thermographs of the HDPE/GnP nanocomposites with a) G1, b) G2, and c) G3 filler. The insets sho...
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- Review
- Published 15 Jan 2020
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Figure 1: Schematic description of in vitro PDT processes using photosensitizer (PS) encapsulated in a block ...
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Figure 2: Chemical structures of four molecular photosensitizers commonly used: a) pheophorbide a; b) chlorin...
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Figure 3: Schematic representation of the strategies used for delivery of photosensitizers using block copoly...
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Figure 4: Chemical structures of the main blocks commonly described in recent literature.
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Figure 5: a) Light-responsive self-immolative polymers. Adapted with permission from [70], copyright 2018 America...
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Figure 6: Block copolymers used as nanocarriers for overcoming hypoxia; a) adapted with permission from [104], cop...
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Figure 7: Schematic representation of the interplay between polymer structure, physicochemical characteristic...
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Figure 8: Representative snapshots describing the endocytosis pathway for spherocylindrical nanoparticles. Re...
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Figure 9: Field flow fractograms of PEO(2400)-b-PDLLA(2000) and PEO(3100)-b-PS(2300) micelles. The multi-angl...
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Figure 10: Idealized docking of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (m-THPC, shown as van der Waals su...
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Figure 11: Modulation of PDT efficiency through introduction of bulky substituents on the PS, which inhibit ag...
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Figure 12: Use of Hansen solubility parameters to optimize polymeric nanovectors.
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Figure 13: Types of pathways of block copolymer micelle–cell membrane interactions. Reprinted with permission ...
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Figure 14: Schematic view of photodynamic therapy (PDT) strategies with polymeric nanovectors targeting subcel...
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Figure 15: Illustration of the PTX@PAsp-g-(PEG-ICG) ER-targeting process and mechanism of cell death. PTX@PAsp-...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 17 Jan 2020
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Figure 1: Influence of the salinity of the aqueous phase on the phase inverson zone (PIZ) for the nanoemulsio...
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Figure 2: Ternary phase diagrams giving the particle diameter and the PDI of the nonisotonic nanoemulsions pr...
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Figure 3: Ideal osmolality of aqueous sodium chloride solutions after Ph. Eur. 2.2.35 and experimental osmola...
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Figure 4: Ternary phase diagrams showing (a) the resulting particle diameter, (b) the PDI, (c) the zeta poten...
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Figure 5: Particle diameters and PDI of the nanoemulsions depending on the Kolliphor HS 15:MCT ratio.
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Figure 6: Long-term stability of four selected nanoemulsions with particles of approximately 25 (NE25), 50 (N...
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Figure 7: Viability of the cells of lines 3T3 and NHDF as a function of the Kolliphor HS 15 concentration cKol...
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Figure 8: Morphology of the 3T3 and NHDF cells after 24 h incubation ion solutions with a concentration of th...
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Figure 9: Scheme of the experimental set-up and the method of phase inversion-based production of the nanoemu...
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- Published 20 Jan 2020
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Figure 1: (a) Schematic picture of a QD coupled to pure monolayer graphene electrodes at its left (L) and rig...
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Figure 2: The DOS in the QD for different values of the chemical potentials at temperature T/D = 5 × 10−6 wit...
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Figure 3: The nonequilibrium DOS in the QD at zero magnetic field for different temperatures with U/D → ∞ and...
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Figure 4: The nonequilibrium DOS in the QD for different values of the Zeeman energy with U/D → ∞ at temperat...
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Figure 5: Differential conductance dI/dV as a function of the bias voltage eV with μR/D = −0.022 at three dif...
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Figure 6: Differential conductance dI/dV as a function of the bias voltage eV for different values of the che...
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Figure 7: Amplitude of the zero-bias peak as a function of the chemical potential μR for eV = 0 at three diff...
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Figure 8: Differential conductance dI/dV as a function of the bias voltage eV for different values of the Zee...
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Figure 9: The nonequilibrium DOS in the QD for U/D = 0.069 with μL/D = 25 × 10−3 and μR/D = −9.5 × 10−3 at th...
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Figure 10: The nonequilibrium DOS in the QD for different values of the Zeeman energy and finite U at temperat...
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Figure 11: Differential conductance dI/dV as a function of the bias voltage eV with μR/D = −9.5 × 10−3 for dif...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 21 Jan 2020
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Figure 1: Schematic illustration of the preparation of the uniform hierarchical NiMoO4@Co3O4/CA sample.
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Figure 2: (a) SEM image of CA; (b) SEM and (c) TEM images of NiMoO4/CA; (d) SEM image of NiMoO4@ZIF-67/CA; (e...
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Figure 3: (a) XRD patterns of Co3O4, CA, NiMoO4 and NiMoO4@Co3O4/CA (from top to bottom); (b) EDS spectrum; (...
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Figure 4: XPS spectra of the NiMoO4@Co3O4/CA composite: (a) Survey spectrum; (b-f) Core-level spectra of (b) ...
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Figure 5: Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms and pore size distribution curves of (a) CA, (b) NiMoO4/CA...
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Figure 6: (a) Cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves at scan rates of 2.5–50 mV/s and (b) galvanostatic charge/discha...
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Figure 7: Electrochemical performance of the NiMoO4@Co3O4/CA//AC ASC. (a) Schematic illustration of the ASC d...
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- Published 23 Jan 2020
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Figure 1: Schematic representation of the SFIFS hybrid structure (here S is a superconductor, F is a ferromag...
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Figure 2: DOS Nf(E) on the free boundary of the F layer in the FS bilayer obtained numerically for two cases:...
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Figure 3: DOS Nf(E) on the free boundary of the F layer in the FS bilayer obtained numerically in the absence...
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Figure 4: Spin-resolved DOS Nf↑(↓) on the free boundary of the F layer in the FS bilayer obtained numerically...
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Figure 5: Current–voltage characteristics of the symmetric (df1 = df2 = df) SFIFS junction in the absence of ...
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Figure 6: Current–voltage characteristics of a symmetric SFIFS junction for different values of the subgap ex...
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Figure 7: (a) CVC taken from Figure 6b, red dashed line, and visual explanation of the characteristic behavior of the ...
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Figure 8: Current–voltage characteristics of a symmetric SFIFS junction in the absence of magnetic scattering...
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Figure 9: Current–voltage characteristics of an asymmetric (df1 ≠ df2) SFIFS junction for different values of...
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Figure 10: Current–voltage characteristics of a SFIFS junction in the presence of magnetic scattering (αm = 0....
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- Review
- Published 31 Jan 2020
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Figure 1: Alterations in cell-free DNA. Cell-free DNA can be released from both cancerous and normal cells lo...
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Figure 2: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are genetic mutations that alter single base in DNA, causing...
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Figure 3: Gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric assays in the colloidal phase. a) Cross-linking hybridization ...
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Figure 4: Discrimination of SNPs by means of the kinetics of particle aggregation. a) The spurious catalyst d...
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Figure 5: Working principle of the colorimetric assay for the detection of EGFR mutants in long DNA sequences...
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Figure 6: The combination of unmodified gold nanorods as signal transducers in an HCR amplification process f...
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Figure 7: Working principle of EASA for the colorimetric detection of DNA mismatches. The consumption of a la...
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Figure 8: Schematic illustration of the colorimetric method for the detection of specific miRNA based on the ...
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Figure 9: Colorimetric method for the detection of specific miRNA based on the combination of enzyme-assisted...
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Figure 10: The combination of isothermal strand-displacement polymerase reactions and lateral flow strip for v...
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Figure 11: The use of gold nanoparticles as fluorescence quencher in the discrimination of SNP through cyclic ...
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Figure 12: Colorimetric DNA detection through rolling circle amplification (RCA) and NEase-assisted nanopartic...
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Figure 13: a) The working principle of DNA target detection through an invasive reaction coupled with NEase-as...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 04 Feb 2020
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Figure 1: XRD spectrum of aragonite cuttlefish bone (CB), calcite, and hydroxyapatite (Hap) nanorods using cu...
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Figure 2: FTIR spectra of cuttlefish bone and hydroxyapatite (Hap) nanorods using cuttlefish bone powder as a...
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Figure 3: Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of cuttlefish bone (CB) powder and hydroxyapatite (Hap) nanorods u...
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Figure 4: TEM images of hydroxyapatite (Hap) nanorods using cuttlefish bone powder as a precursor (CB-Hap NRs...
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Figure 5: Hemolytic behavior of hydroxyapatite (Hap) nanorods using cuttlefish bone powder as a precursor (CB...
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Figure 6: Antibacterial activity of hydroxyapatite (Hap) nanorods using cuttlefish bone powder as a precursor...
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Figure 7: Oil-bath-mediated synthesis of CB-Hap NRs.
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 06 Feb 2020
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Figure 1: Images of pHEMA gels prepared with different quantities of DI water.
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Figure 2: Plot showing pH-dependent swelling behavior of the pHEMA hydrogel prepared with 1.3 mL DI water ove...
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Figure 3: SEM images of pHEMA hydrogel samples synthesized using different quantities of DI water. (a) 1 mL, ...
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Figure 4: Facile syringe-tube assembly used in fabricating the hydrogel channels.
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Figure 5: Different iron oxide NPs synthesized for the flow experiments. (a) Schematic overview, (b) hydrodyn...
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Figure 6: Experimental investigation of NP transport through soft hydrogel flow paths. (a) Representative hyd...
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Figure 7: Experimental velocity profile of the iron oxide NPs. (a) Plot showing the average flow velocity of ...
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Figure 8: Experimental mass loss of the NPs during flow through hydrogel channels. (a) Plot showing average m...
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Figure 9: Plot showing the average mass loss percentage of NPs as a function of the size at three different i...
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Figure 10: Velocity profile of NPs flowing through the hydrogel channel using CFD.
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