Volume No. 6
2015
Pages 1 - 2512
Table of Contents |
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| 211 | Full Research Paper |
| 7 | Letter |
| 27 | Review |
| 10 | Editorial |
| 2 | Commentary |
| 3 | Correction |
- Full Research Paper
- Published 28 Jan 2015
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Figure 1: XRD patterns of the obtained composite nanofibers with different Al/(Al–Si) ratios.
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Figure 2: SEM images of the obtained composite nanofibers with different Al/(Al–Si) ratios: (a) Al2O3, (b) Al8...
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Figure 3: (a) Low magnification TEM image of Al4Si6 nanofibers; (b) locally enlarged TEM image; (c) HRTEM ima...
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Figure 4: FTIR spectra of the composite nanofibers with different Al–Si ratios (400–1320 cm−1).
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Figure 5: (a) PL comparison between the pure SiO2, Al2O3, and Al4Si6 nanofibers; (b) PLE spectra of Al4Si6 sa...
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Figure 6: Integrated PL intensity of blue, green, and red luminescent centers as a function of Al/(Al–Si) rat...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 29 Jan 2015
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Figure 1: (a) Classical model in which each domain is characterized by its own supposedly constant surface st...
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Figure 2: (a) Continuous (red) curve: normalised strain field ε/Δs1 calculated with Equation 2, Black dots: normalised ...
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Figure 3: Normalised strain fields ε/Δs1 calculated for 1-D periodic stripes. (a) d/L = 1/2 , (b) d/L = 3/10....
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Figure 4: Black squares: normalised strain ε/Δs1 solution of Equation 8 calculated for Δs1/S11 = 0.5, red squares: clas...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 29 Jan 2015
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Figure 1: Representation of the structure of the molecular linkers: terphenyl-4,4"-dicarbonitrile (1) [24,43], terph...
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Scheme 1: Synthesis of the terphenyl-4,4"-di(propiolonitrile) linker (2). Reagents and conditions: a) proparg...
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Figure 2: ORTEP plot of compound 2. Ellipsoids were drawn at a 30% level of probability for all non-hydrogen ...
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Figure 3: Comparison of the molecular self-assembled monolayers of 1 and 2 on a Ag(111) surface. a) Densely p...
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Figure 4: High-resolution STM image showing a) the molecular packing in chevron layers mediated by the propil...
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Figure 5: STM image of the lanthanide-directed assembly on Ag(111) for appreciable surface concentration (lin...
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- Published 30 Jan 2015
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Figure 1: SRIM calculations of the implant distribution of Te (red) and Se (blue) atoms in Ge. The distributi...
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Figure 2: SEM plan-view images of the as-implanted Se sample: (1) low resolution view showing the different t...
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Figure 3: Thermal annealing effects on the co-implanted Se/Te sample: (1) as-implanted, (2) TB = 4.1 µm; (3) ...
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Figure 4: (1) and (2) TEM cross-sectional view of the Se-implanted sample after annealing with TB = 3.1 µm. (...
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Figure 5: SEM plan-view image obtained after annealing a 340 nm thick Ge layer sputtered on the native Si oxi...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 02 Feb 2015
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Figure 1: A schematic representation of one-site CM, SSQC and CDCT (for more details see [41]). When SSQC occurs,...
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Figure 2: Electronic structures of Si35H36, Si87H76, Si147H100 and Si293H172 are reported in (a). CM lifetime...
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Figure 3: Calculated total CM, SSQC and CDCT lifetimes are reported in (a), (b) and (c), respectively, for th...
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Figure 4: A representation of the systems Si87H76 × Si293H172 and
![[Graphic 31]](/bjnano/content/inline/2190-4286-6-33-i39.png?max-width=637&scale=1.18182)
is given in the upper part of the figure. ...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 02 Feb 2015
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Figure 1: Scanning electron micrographs of SWCNT (a,c) and MWCNT (b,d) films at different magnifications 200,...
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Figure 2: Scanning electron micrographs of SWCNT/MWCNT (a,c) and MWCNT/SWCNT (b,d) films at different magnifi...
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Figure 3: Water droplets cast on SWCNT (a), MWCNT (b), SWCNT/MWCNT (c), and MWCNT/SWCNT (d) films. Owing to t...
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Figure 4: (a) Contact angle of the SWCNT/MWCNT (blue squares) and MWCNT (red dots) films as a function of eth...
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Figure 5: Variations of the contact angle as a function of the elapsed time from drop cast on the porous SWCN...
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- Review
- Published 03 Feb 2015
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Figure 1: Left: Example of Wulff construction for orthorhombic material. xy plane is parallel to the (001) pl...
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Figure 2: Atomistic Wulff constructions for Au nanoparticles using surface energies published in Refs. [15] and [17]....
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Figure 3: Schematic representation of the adsorption of a surfactant on a gold surface. Spheres represent gol...
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Figure 4: Wulff construction for the nanoparticles of LiBH4. The blue spheres are for lithium, red for boron ...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 04 Feb 2015
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Figure 1: Graphical user interface of dForce. (a) Main menu. It is divided in three sections, two horizontal ...
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Figure 2: dForce simulation of AM-AFM for a tip–surface force that includes van der Waals and DMT. (a) Instan...
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Figure 3: AM-AFM comparison of cantilever dynamics, air versus liquid. (a) Amplitude versus average tip–surfa...
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Figure 4: AM-AFM comparison of cantilever dynamics, hard versus soft materials. (a) Amplitude versus average ...
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Figure 5: AM-AFM simulations for a viscoelastic material. (a) Force–distance curve for the linear viscous mod...
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Figure 6: Bimodal AFM tip motion. The tip oscillation (blue), instantaneous force (red) and velocity (green) ...
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Figure 7: Material contrast in bimodal AFM. Phase shift as a function of the set-point amplitude in bimodal A...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 05 Feb 2015
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Figure 1: (A) Nanoparticle uptake after 24 h incubation of hMSCs with 300 µg/mL nanoparticles analyzed by flo...
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Figure 2: Particle uptake into hMSCs detected by cLSM after 24 h incubation with 300 µg/mL nanoparticles. (A)...
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Figure 3: Particle uptake of hHSCs after 24 h incubation with 300 µg/mL nanoparticles. The nanoparticle conte...
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Figure 4: Cytokine secretion of hMSCs treated with different nanoparticles: (A) IL-6, (B) IL-8. hMSCs were in...
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Figure 5: Cytochemical staining to determine the differentiation of hMSCs incubated with different nanopartic...
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Figure 6: Influence of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS and PS–COOH) on the expression of adipogenic and osteoge...
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Figure 7: Influence of polylactide nanoparticles (PLLA and PLLA–Fe) on the expression of adipogenic and osteo...
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Figure 8: qPCR results of polystyrene particles in hHSCs. Carboxy-functionalized polystyrene particles PS–COO...
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Figure 9: qPCR results of the polylactide particles in hHSCs. For glycophorin A, a significant increase could...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 06 Feb 2015
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Figure 1: Schematic structure of a positive nematic MWCNTs-doped LC cell (a) without excitation voltage – pla...
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Figure 2: Sketch of frequency (a), resistance (a) and capacity (b, where Cr1 < Cr2 < Cr3) variations in the C...
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Figure 3: Light transmission response of undoped (top) and MWCNT-doped (bottom) cells at 543 nm. The bottom p...
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Figure 4: Cole-Cole plots of the undoped and MWCNTs-doped LC cells at different scales. (a), (b) and (c), imp...
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Figure 5: Impedance of unbiased doped (filled symbols) and undoped (unfilled symbols) samples at different in...
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Figure 6: R2 average evolution with the driving sequence. The three unbiased averaged measurements are shown ...
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Figure 7: Driving waveform for impedance measurements. Vp is peak voltage.
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 09 Feb 2015
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Figure 1: SEM images taken from (a) bare Ag NP deposited on Si/SiOx substrates with tAg = 0.8 nm (given in eq...
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Figure 2: (a) STEM–HAADF image of Ag NPs, (b) atomically resolved TEM image of a single NP, revealing crystal...
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Figure 3: (a) Sketch of the geometry for the SDR experiments showing the incidence angle, Θ, and the system u...
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Figure 4: (a) SDR spectra of bare Ag NPs deposited on Si/SiOx, tAg = 0.8 nm, taken under p-polarisation at di...
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Figure 5: (a) SDR spectra taken under p-polarisation excitation at Θ = 30° on Ag NPs deposited on Si/SiOx aft...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 09 Feb 2015
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Figure 1: The uptake of particles by a cell is influenced by different factors: diffusion and sedimentation w...
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Figure 2: a) Photograph of the sample system on a microscope stage. The chip is mounted onto a culture slide ...
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Figure 3: a) The velocity profile at a distance of z = 10 μm from the chamber bottom. The vector length scale...
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Figure 4: a) Total fluorescence of internalized particles (d = 50 nm) at different shear rates. b) Two repres...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 10 Feb 2015
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Figure 1: Setup employed for the direct excitation of the tip. A gold coated optical fiber is used to measure...
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Figure 2: Excitation of the tip in air and in liquid with different actuation methods: a) electrostatic excit...
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Figure 3: Equation 14 simulating amplitude (left) and phase (right) for three different quality factors from high (top) ...
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Figure 4: Characterization of a tip–sample electrostatic interaction at resonance (gray) and off resonance (r...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 11 Feb 2015
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Figure 1: Schematic diagram for the synthesis of Pd/TiO2 trough solar-assisted photodeposition.
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Figure 2: FESEM images of a) low magnification, b,c) high magnification of 0.5 wt % Pd/TiO2. The inset of c) ...
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Figure 3: X-ray diffraction patterns of a) TiO2, b) 0.5 wt % Pd/TiO2, c) 1.0 wt % Pd/TiO2 and d) 3.0 wt % Pd/...
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Figure 4: Raman spectra of a) TiO2, b) 0.5 wt % Pd/TiO2, c) 1.0 wt % Pd/TiO2 and d) 3.0 wt % Pd/TiO2.
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Figure 5: Adsorption–desorption isotherm of 0.5 wt % Pd/TiO2 and the inset is the pore size distribution.
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Figure 6: Core level XPS spectra of a) Ti 2p and b) Pd 3d of 0.5 wt % Pd/TiO2.
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Figure 7: UV–vis absorption spectra of a) TiO2, b) 3.0 wt % Pd/TiO2, c) 0.5 wt % Pd/TiO2 and d) 1.0 wt % Pd/T...
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Figure 8: Photoluminescence spectra of a) TiO2, b) 0.5 wt % Pd/TiO2, c) 3.0 wt % Pd/TiO2 and d) 1.0 wt % Pd/T...
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Figure 9: Photocatalytic degradation rates of AMX under visible light irradiation.
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Figure 10: Schematic diagram of electron transfer and degradation mechanism of AMX.
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Figure 11: Recycled photocatalytic degradation rates of AMX (0.5 wt % Pd/TiO2).
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Figure 12: The kinetics of AMX degradation by prepared TiO2 and various Pd loading photocatalysts.
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 12 Feb 2015
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Figure 1: LEED pattern of (a) the clean TiO2(110) surface showing the 1 × 1 termination (electron beam energy ...
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Figure 2: STM images in water of the TiO2(110) surface after Ca segregation (a) 370.5 × 370.5 nm2, Vbias = −1...
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Figure 3: STM image in water of the Ca/TiO2(110) surface after Ca segregation, 27.3 × 27.3 nm2, Vbias = −1 V, ...
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Figure 4: STM images in water of the Ca/TiO2(110) surface recorded after a 48 h immersion in the liquid (a) 1...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 12 Feb 2015
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Figure 1: SEM micrographs of CdTe nanowires deposited at (a) −400 mV; (b) −500 mV; (c) −550 mV; (d) −600 mV; ...
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Figure 2: (a) EDX spectra for a series of samples prepared at different electrode potentials; (b) Cd content ...
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Figure 3: (a) Spectral reflectance curve and (b) Kubelka–Munk representation for band gap determination of Cd...
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Figure 4: (a) The system of electrodes produced by lithography for contacting the nanowire; (b) an image of a...
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Figure 5: (a) Current–voltage characteristics for a CdTe nanowire contacted by FIBIM; (b) Current–voltage cha...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 13 Feb 2015
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Figure 1: Schematic and photo of the setup including the optical beam deflection and the nested scanner desig...
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Figure 2: A crucial precondition for a nested high resolution scanner design is the stability of the housing ...
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Figure 3: a) Optical microscopy image of a SiOx calibration grating with various feature sizes. Demonstration...
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Figure 4: a) Overlay of the optical microscope image with the AFM topography of an optical grating structure ...
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Figure 5: Characterization of AFM cantilevers equipped with strain sensitive TMR sensors. a) The cantilevers ...
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Figure 6: a) To improve lateral resolution, tips with a tip radius of 30 nm were grown by a combination of fo...
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Figure 7: Dynamic mode imaging of FDTS-SAM samples using a TMR sensor with the feedback on amplitude and phas...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 16 Feb 2015
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Figure 1: (a) Classification of proximal shapes (right hand side). The grey box indicates the intended deposi...
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Figure 2: (a) Radius of the outer halo (AFM-based) of 30 keV PtC deposits as a function of the central pad th...
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Figure 3: Representative AFM height image (a) of a 9 nm thick PtC deposit on Si–SiO2 fabricated at 25 keV tog...
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Figure 4: AFM height images with overlaid current information of PtC pads deposited on an conductive Au elect...
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Figure 5: (a) Functional classification of proximity deposition based on KFM measurements. (b) and (c) show t...
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Figure 6: Edge-broadening effect for 30 keV deposits of different thickness. (a) shows a normalized height re...
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Figure 7: Broadening effects for 5 keV deposits of different thickness. (b) shows the normalized height repre...
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Figure 8: Outer-halo behavior for increasing pad thicknesses of 5 keV deposits (squares) together with an FSE...
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Figure 9: (a) AFM height cross section of a 20 keV deposit. (b) cumulative BSE emission (blue, left axis) and...
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- Published 16 Feb 2015
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Figure 1: Schematics of the fabrication of SiO2 coated membranes: (a) irradiation of PC foil with GeV heavy i...
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Figure 2: Diffuse reflectance FTIR spectra of uncoated (black) and coated (28 cycles (red), 112 cycles (blue)...
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Figure 3: O 1s contributions of polycarbonate to the XP spectra of uncoated (orange, grey dots are measured c...
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Figure 4: (a) SEM image of a bundle of highly-flexible SiO2 nanotubes after dissolution of the PC membrane. (...
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Figure 5: (a) Small angle X-ray scattering intensities as a function of the scattering vector q for an uncoat...
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Figure 6: Contact angle measurements as a function of the number of ALD cycles. With increasing thickness of ...
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- Review
- Published 17 Feb 2015
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Figure 1: Schematic structures of infinite, linear, sp-carbon wires: (a) equalized wire with all double bonds...
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Figure 2: (a–d) carbon-atom wires with different terminations: hydrogen-capped (a), phenyl-capped (b), vinyli...
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Figure 3: (a) Experimental Raman spectra of carbon solids and nanostructures. (b,c) DFT-computed Raman peaks ...
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Figure 4: (a) Experimental Raman spectrum (1064 nm) of H-capped polyynes in methanol (5 × 10−3 M), with the p...
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Figure 5: (a) Experimental Raman spectrum (1064 nm) of phenyl-capped polyynes in decalin (10−2 M) with the pu...
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Figure 6: Raman and SERS spectra of H-capped (a) and phenyl-capped (b) polyynes in solution at different exci...
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Figure 7: (a) Modulation of the DFT-computed [39] vibrational frequency and (b) Raman activity of the ECC band fo...
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Figure 8: (a) Plot of the DFT-computed energy [39] required for the formation of the charged species (Eion = IP(A...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 18 Feb 2015
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Figure 1: (a) Illustrative scheme representing the structure of a single antenna and (b) SEM images at differ...
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Figure 2: Electric field amplitude of silver antennas as a function of height and external radius. The maximu...
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Figure 3: (a) Finite element method simulations of a silver nanotube with 1.4 µm height, 160 nm width, surfac...
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Figure 4: Measurements of Raman intensities along the z-axis of the antenna using cresyl violet dye.
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Figure 5: Raman scattering measurements of cresyl violet dye carried out on a rough silver substrate (black l...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 19 Feb 2015
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Scheme 1: Simplified sol–gel mechanism reaction for a tetraalkoxysilane [23].
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Figure 1: (a) Film thickness as a function of withdrawal speed for a sol of pH ≈4 and few days of aging, comp...
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Figure 2: Contact angle measurements of a silica layer deposited by dip coating onto a glass substrate at dif...
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Figure 3: Refractive index, n, at 750 nm, evaluated by spectroscopic ellipsometry of silica layers deposited ...
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Figure 4: Tunable-thickness silica layer deposition onto plasmonic structures by dip coating. The thickness c...
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Figure 5: AFM topographies (semi-contact mode) and 3D morphological reconstruction of typical plasmonic struc...
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Figure 6: Simplified schemes showing the procedure used to perform the optical sensing and chip regeneration ...
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- Review
- Published 19 Feb 2015
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Figure 1: Images of (a) a typical MWCNT and (b,d) typical VGCNFs. A schematic representation is given in (c) ...
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Figure 2: Schematic of a method for producing filled SWCNTs and MWCNTs via arc discharge in solution. Metalli...
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Figure 3: (a,b,c) Transmission electron micrographs of a hollow CVD-grown CNF with the graphene caps indicate...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 20 Feb 2015
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Figure 1: Comparison of cytotoxic effects on A549 after 4 h stimulation with aSNPs displaying different surfa...
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Figure 2: Cellular uptake of aSNPs with different surfaces in A549 (–plain, –NH2, –COOH; 50 µg/mL). The cells...
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Figure 3: Comparison of cytotoxic effects on A549 after 4 h stimulation with different aSNPs (–plain, –NH2, –...
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Figure 4: Comparison of inflammatory responses of A549 after stimulation with different aSNPs (–plain, –NH2, ...
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Figure 5: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in A549 after stimulation with different aSNPs (–plain, –NH...
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Figure 6: Cytotoxicity and inflammatory responses of aSNP–plain (100 µg/mL) in combination with alveolar surf...
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Figure 7: Cellular uptake of aSNP–plain (100 µg/mL, 4 h/20 h) in combination with Alveofact® (0.04 mg/mL) was...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 23 Feb 2015
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Figure 1: FTIR spectra of (a) PVA (b) PVA–ZnS.
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Figure 2: Illustration of hydrolyzed PVA.
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Figure 3: TEM images of ZnS NPs within PVA matrix at (a) 10 kGy, (b) 30 kGy and (c) 50 kGy dose.
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Figure 4: XRD pattern of ZnS NPs mediated by PVA from 10 to 50 kGy doses.
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Figure 5: Optical spectra of ZnS–PVA nanofluids synthesized at various doses.
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Figure 6: Optical band gap energy of ZnS NPs after irradiation with doses of 10 to 50 kGy.
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Figure 7: Trend of (a) thermal conductivity and (b) thermal effusivity of the PVA solution (0 kGy) and ZnS na...
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Figure 8: A typical PA signal as a modulation of frequency for (a) water and ethylene glycol, (b) ZnS–PVA nan...
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- Full Research Paper
- Published 24 Feb 2015
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Figure 1: Tensile stress–strain curves for a BMG in comparison to three NGs with grain sizes of 4 nm, 10 nm a...
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Figure 2: Local atomic shear strain for Cu64Zr36 BMG and NGs with grain sizes of 4 nm, 10 nm and 16 nm, respe...
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Figure 3: The ψ values for a BMG in comparison to three NGs with grain sizes of 4 nm, 10 nm and 16 nm, respec...
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Figure 4: Tensile stress–strain curves for Cu64Zr36 and Cu36Zr64 BMGs and as-prepared (NG1), annealed (NG2), ...
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Figure 5: Local atomic shear strain for (a) Cu36Zr64 and (b) Cu64Zr36 BMGs and as-prepared (NG1), annealed (N...
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Figure 6: The ψ values for Cu64Zr36 and Cu36Zr64 BMGs and as-prepared (NG1), annealed (NG2), annealed and pre...
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Figure 7: The fraction of Cu-centered full icosahedra and Voronoi volume in the Cu64Zr36 and Cu36Zr64 metalli...
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- Review
- Published 24 Feb 2015
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Figure 1: (a) YVO4:Eu3+ NPs encapsulated with mesoporous silica NPs. The insets show SAED patterns of (b) YVO4...
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Figure 2: MR image of mice liver (a) prior to and (b) 24 h after injection of the trimodal NPs. Reproduced wi...
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Figure 3: Magnetic and luminescent properties of core–shell-type hybrid NPs, Fe3O4@CeF3:10%Tb3+/SiO2, (a,b) b...
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Figure 4: Images of live HeLa cells after being incubated with Fe3O4/NaYF4 nanocomposites biolabeled with tra...
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- Review
- Published 25 Feb 2015
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Figure 1: π-Electron distribution in cumulene (top) and polyyne (bottom). Calculation by A. Botello-Mendez an...
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Figure 2: Electron microscopy image of carbon chains (arrowed). The carbon chains span between aggregates on ...
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Figure 3: A carbon chain spanning between an iron crystal (bottom) and a graphitic aggregate (top). Both act ...
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Figure 4: Measured current–voltage characteristic of a carbon chain (measurements by A. La Torre). A TEM imag...
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Figure 5: Different hybridization states of the end atoms of carbon chains when they are connected to a graph...
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Figure 6: Formation of a pair of carbon chains during the breakage of a graphene ribbon under electron irradi...
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- Published 26 Feb 2015
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Figure 1: SEM images of the different zinc oxide nanoparticles. (a) ZnO, (b) ZnO:Ag (1%), (c) ZnO:Ag (3%), (d...
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Figure 2: XRD patterns of different types of ZnO:Ag nanoparticles show the ZnO wurzite hexagonal crystalline ...
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Figure 3: Characterization of the different ZnO and ZnO:Ag nanocomposites. (a) RBS analysis; atomic compositi...
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Figure 4: Effect of ZnO and ZnO:Ag nanocomposites on the viability of HT144 (skin cancer) and HCEC (normal) c...
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Figure 5: Comparison of the effect of ZnO and ZnO:Ag nanocomposites on mitochondrial function (MTT reduction)...
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Figure 6: Consumptions of the singlet oxygen indicator DPBF mixed with ZnO and ZnO:Ag nanocomposites under th...
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Figure 7: TBA assay results for nanoparticle exposure. Data is expressed as percent (%) TBARS (mean ± SD) rel...
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Figure 8: Effect of ROS scavengers mannitol, NaN3 and DMSO on the photo-oxidative activity of ZnO and ZnO:Ag ...
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- Published 26 Feb 2015
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Figure 1: Top: the electrostatic pressure resulting from a dc voltage drop on the insulating molecular monola...
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Figure 2: Imaginary electrical modulus M″(ω) of the Hg/acid 5/n-type Si junction: a) reverse-bias dependence ...
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Figure 3: Decomposition of the electrical modulus M″(ω) obtained at T = 263 K and VDC = −0.6 V into three dip...
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Figure 4: Temperature dependence of the dipolar relaxation frequencies fB1 (a) and fB2 (b) obtained for the H...
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Figure 5: Bias dependence of dipolar relaxation activation energies, EB1 (squares) and EB2 (circles). The lin...
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Figure 6: Linear correlation between activation energy and pre-exponential factor values derived from Figure 4, for p...
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Figure 7: Temperature dependence of the dipolar relaxation strength Δε of peaks B1 and B2, measured at revers...
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- Review
- Published 27 Feb 2015
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Figure 1: Schematic layout of general modes of soft X-ray microscopy. STXM and SPEM are focused probe methods...
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Figure 2: Calculated penetration depths of X-rays and electrons in dependence of their energy. The penetratio...
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Figure 3: Schematic setup of a scanning transmission X-ray microscope (STXM).
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Figure 4: A full field transmission X-ray microscope (TXM) for a bending magnet source uses two zone plate le...
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Figure 5: Schematic setup of the HZB-TXM for NEXAFS studies: Monochromatic X-rays are collected with an achro...
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Figure 6: Measured integrated photon flux at the sample position of the HZB-TXM using a 10 µm exit slit of th...
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Figure 7: Workflow for NEXAFS-TXM: A data set of images at different photon energies is taken with the HZB-TX...
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